Basic Ophthalmology Renu Jogi
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1BASIC OPHTHALMOLOGY2
3BASIC OPHTHALMOLOGY
Fifth Edition
Renu Jogi MBBS MS Ex-Associate Professor Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Basic Ophthalmology
First Edition: 1994
Second Edition: 1999
Third Edition: 2003
Fourth Edition: 2009
Fifth Edition: 2016
9789352500055
Printed at
5Dedicated to
Our beloved
Anusha6
7Preface
The eye is the lamp of the body. If your eyes are good, your whole body will be full of light.
—The Bible
In view of recent advances, ongoing research and the revised curriculum of various universities in the country, this book is intended primarily for commencing and continuing the study of the fundamentals of ophthalmology, which like all other branches of medical sciences, has taken giant strides in the recent past.
It is said that revision is the best testimony to the success of a book. Since, in the present competitive market of medical text publishing only successful books survive, I have great pleasure and immense satisfaction in presenting the fifth edition of my book, Basic Ophthalmology to the students of the subject. While revising the book, I was faced with a dilemma. On the one hand, the need to preserve the fundamentals and simplicity of the work and on the other, to incorporate the crucial but complex material derived from recent research, investigations and inquiries in this ever-expanding field. I feel that I have, to a large extent, achieved this daunting and challenging task. Now I derive solace from the fact that I have succeeded in creating something very enduring.
In essence, Basic Ophthalmology is both a ‘textbook’ and a ‘notebook’ that might as well have been written by the student's own hand. The idea is for the student to relate to the material; and not merely to memorize it mechanically for reproducing it during an examination. It is something I wish was available to me when I was an undergraduate student not too long ago.
Undoubtedly, the paradigm shift has occurred in the focus and direction of ophthalmic research and study in the recent years. The dominant causes of visual disabilities are no longer pathological or even genetic in nature, but instead a direct derivative and manifestation of contemporary changes, predominantly, in modern urban lifestyles. The student will thus find a new section devoted to a discussion on Visual Display Terminal Syndrome (VDTS) that is an outcome of excessive exposure of the eyes to the computer monitor as well as the use of contact lenses.
The International Uveitis Study Group has recommended the recent classification of uveitis based on anatomical location of uveal tract. The International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) has recommended a new classification for primary angle-closure glaucoma. Two additional sections deal with the Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification and Scheie's classification along with recent clinical classification for hypertensive retinopathy that replaces the pre-existent taxonomy prevalent for little less than seven decades. With posterior chamber intraocular lenses establishing themselves as the primary modality in the optical rehabilitation of patients undergoing cataract surgery, the emphasis has shifted from just visual rehabilitation to an early, perfect optical, occupational and psychological rehabilitation.
For me, this has really been a trabalho do coracao, a phrase which does not have a correct synonym in English but when literally translated from Portuguese would mean, “a work of the 8heart”. In truth, it is a vivid reflection of my long-lasting concern and affection for my students.
All books are collaborative efforts and I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the people who have advised and encouraged me in this project: especially, Dr Nidhi Pandey, Dr Mangilal Garg, Dr Pushpa Verma, Dr Ulka Srivastava, Dr Vijay Bhaisare, Dr SL Adile, Dr Ashok Chandrakar, Dr Subhash Mishra, Dr Swati Kujur, Dr Vinay Mishra, Dr Sonam Keshri, Dr Satish Sharma, Dr Nameet Nande, Dr Prasad Patil, Dr Piyali Konar, Dr Abhishek Sethia, Dr Sonali Verma, Dr Jyoti Rani Acharya and my erstwhile colleagues.
I offer my special thanks to Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Group President), Mr Tarun Duneja (Director–Publishing) and their staff, namely, Mrs Samina Khan, Mr Lalit Choudhary, Mr Manoj Pahuja, Mrs Seema Dogra, Mr Gopal Singh and Mrs Uma Adhikari of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India.
By the grace of the Almighty and with the continuing support of the ever-inquisitive students, I am happy to present the fifth edition of my book with the following eulogy and tribute to the science of ophthalmology in our ancient Sanskrit Shastras—
An eye can perceive forms,
it adorns the face;
it is a source of direct knowledge;
it is a guide to avoid wrong deeds;
hence, the eye is most important
of all the sense organs.
Renu Jogi9