A
Abetalipoproteinemia 72
ABO system 109
Acetoacetic acid 76
Acetyl CoA, transportation of 59f
Achlorhydria 156
Acid base balance 145
Acid base imbalance 147
Acidic amino acids 75
Acidosis 61
Active immunity 109
Active methionine 87
Acycloguanosine 162
Acyl CoA, transport of 57
Addison's disease 134
Adrenaline 89
Aerobic glycolysis 30
Alanine amino transaminase 152
Alanine glyoxalate transaminase 86
Albuminuria 154
Alcoholism 63
Alkalosis 148
Alkaptonuria 91
Alkyl radical 54
Allosteric inhibition 16
Alpha amino acid 74f
Alpha ketoglutarate 85f
Amide formation 77
absorption of 82
decarboxylation of 78f
essential 75
fate of carbon skeletons 90
functions of 78
ketogenic 89f
metabolic fates of 89f
branched chain 87
general reactions of 84
mirror images of 75f
monoamino dicarboxylic 75
pool 82
reactions of 77
semi-essential 76
Amino alcohol 54
Amino levulinic acid 126
Amino sugars 25
Amino transferases 84
Amphoteric substance 77
Amylase 17
Amylose 27
Anaerobic glycolysis 30
Anomerism 22
Anti-beriberi factor 123
Anti-cancer agents 163
Anti-diuretic hormone 79
Antigenic determinant sites 108
Antivitamin 80
Apoenzyme 10
Arginase 83f
Arginine succinate lyase 83f
Arginino succinate synthetase 83f
Artificial kidney, principle of 168
Aspartate amino transaminase 152
Augmented histamine test 156
Azido deoxythymidine 162
B
Barfoed's test 24
Bence-Jones proteins 155
Bence-Jones proteinuria 107
Benzoic acid, detoxification of 85
Beta carotene 119
Bile pigments 154
Bilirubin 115
conjugated 151
formation of 115f
diglucuronide 114
estimation of 151
metabolism 150
normal range of 151
production and excretion of 115f
Bitot's spot 121
Blood coagulation 105
Blue molecules 174f
British anti-lewisite 15
Bromocresol green 103
Bromsulphthalein test 152
Brown adipose tissue 62
C
Cahill cycle 86
Calbindin 122
Calcitonin 131
Calcitriol 122
Calcium 130
biological role of 132
daily requirement of 130
deficiency 132
level in blood, regulation of 131
serum level of 131
sources of 130
toxicity 132
Calmodulin 132
Carbamino compound, formation of 78
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 83f
Carbon monoxy-HB 117
Carboxyhemoglobin 117
Carcinogenesis 101
Cardiac enzymes 17
Catalytic proteins 79
Cell 3
Cell mediated immunity 108
Cell theory 3
Cellulose 28
Ceramide 54
Chargaff's rule 162
Chemiosmotic theory 99
Chloride 134
biological role of 134
deficiency 134
in plasma, normal level of 134
sources of 134
toxicity 135
Cholecalciferol 121
Cholesterol 66
biosynthesis of 67
excretion of 69
formation of 68
fractions of 71t
Gas liquid 173
importance of 68
reverse transport of 71f
significance and functions of 68
Choline esterase 18
Chondroitin sulphate 28
Chromatography 173
adsorption 173
affinity 173
High performance liquid 173
Ion exchange 173
partition 173
types of 173
Citric acid cycle 96
Clonal selection 108
Clostridium botulinum 80
Clycine, catabolism of 85
Coagulum 81
Cobalamin 127
Cohn's fractionation 103
Compound carbohydrates 21
Contractile proteins 80
Cooley's hemoglobinemia 117
Copper 137
biological role of 137
deficiency anemia 137
dietary sources of 137
metabolic abnormalities of 137
requirement of 137
Coronary artery disease 72
Creatine, synthesis of 85
Creatinine clearance test 155
Crigler-Najjar syndrome 116
Cristae 5
Crohn's disease 57
Crystallins 112
Cushing's syndrome 135
Cyclooxygenase 64f
Cystine storage disease 92
Cystinosis 92
Cytosine 159
Cytosolic pathway 58
D
De novo synthesis of fatty acid, reactions 60
Decarboxylases 84
Dehydration 42
Dehydro ascorbic acid 128
Deoxyhemoglobin 118
Derived proteins 80
Dermatan sulphate 28
Dextrins 28
Diabetes, biochemical explanation of 41
Diabetic ketoacidosis 41
Diaminomonocarboxylic amino acids 75
Dietary carbohydrates 141
Dietary fats 141
Dietary fibers 141
Dietary proteins 142
Dipeptide 79
Diphosphatidyl glycerol 52
Dubin-Johnson syndrome 116
E
Ehrlich's test 116
Eicosanoids 64
Elastin 111
Electrodialysis 168
Electrolytes, diffusion of 7
Electrophoretic mobility 169
Embden-Meyerhof pathway 30
Endosmosis 167
classification 11
concentration of 12
containing metals 11t
debranching 38
indicating hepatocellular damage 152
inhibition 14
reaction, mechanisms of 14
Ergocalciferol 121
Ewald test meal 156
Eyes, complications in 42
F
Fabricius, bursa of 108
Familial hypercholesterolemia, primary 72
Familial hyperlipoproteinemias 72
Fasting blood sugar 40
Fasting hypoglycemia 39
Fasting plasma glucose 45
cycle active 57
oxidation 50
energetics of 57
synthase system 59
functional division of 59f
synthesis 58
reactions of 60f
regulation of 61
Ferritin 136
Fibrous proteins 80
Fischer's template theory 14
Flavin adenine dinucleotide 125
Flavin mono nucleotide 125
Fluid exchange 105
Fluorosis 138
Folic acid 127
biological function of 127
deficiency manifestations of 127
RDA for 127
sources of 127
Food preservatives 102
Fractional test meal 156
Free electrophoresis 169
Free fatty acid 63
Fructokinase 36
G
Gamma globulins 106
Gangliosides 54
Gastric function tests 156
Gastrin, secretin and pancreozymin 79
Gelatin 80
Gilbert's disease 116
Globular proteins 80
Globulins 104
Glomerular function tests 153
Glomerular proteinuria 155
Glomerulonephritis 101
Glucokinase 30
Glucometer 44
Glucosazone 24f
metabolic fate of 30f
absorption 29
alanine cycle 86
challenge test 44
load test 44
metabolism 30
oxidase peroxidase 44
transporter 29
Glucuronic acid 25
Glutathione, Synthesis of 85
Glycans 21
Glyceraldehyde, D and L forms of 22f
Glycine 85
biological importance of 85
breakdown of 86f
cleavage of 85
metabolism, metabolic defects in 86
synthesis 85f
Glycocholic acid, synthesis of 85
Glycoproteins 28
Glycoside formation 23
Goiterous belts 137
Goitrogenous substances 137
Golgi apparatus 5
Graft, rejection of 108
Guillain-Barré syndrome 157
H
Haptoglobin 105
Hartnup's disease 92
Hay's test 154
Heart diseases 68
Heat coagulation 81
Heme
biosynthesis of 113
catabolism of 114
metabolism 113
structure of 113
synthesis 85
regulation of 113
steps in 114f
Hemochromatosis 137
Hemoglobinopathies 117
Hemoglobinuria 155
Hemolysis 167
Hemolytic anemia 35
Hemolytic disease 151
Hemosiderosis 136
Heparin 28
Hereditary fructose intolerance 94
Heteroglycans 28
Heteropolysaccharides 21
Histamine stimulation test 156
Histidinemia 93
Histocompatibility complex 109
HMP shunt pathway 35f
Holoenzyme 10
Homeostasis, maintenance of 153
Homogentisic acid oxidase 91
Homopolysaccharides 21
Horizontal paper electrophoresis 170f
Human leucocyte antigen 109
Humoral immunity 108
Hyaluronic acid 28
Hydrogen bonding 162
Hydrolases 11
Hydrolysis 51
Hydrolytic rancidity 51
Hyperbilirubinemia 115
Hypercalcemia 132
Hyperchloremia 135
Hyperchlorhydria 156
Hypergamma globulinemia 107
Hyperglycemia 46
Hyperkalemia, toxicity of 134
Hyperlipoproteinemia 72
Hypermagnesemia 133
Hypernatremia 134
Hypertension 73
Hyperuricemia 161
Hypervitaminosis A 121
Hypervitaminosis D 122
Hypoalbuminemia 104
Hypocalcemia 132
Hypochloremia 134
Hypochlorhydria 156
Hypogammaglobulinemia 107
Hypoglycemia 40
Hypokalemia, deficiency of 134
Hypolipidemic drugs 73
Hypolipoproteinemia 72
Hypomagnesemia 133
Hyponatremia 134
Hypothyroidism 72
I
Immunoelectrophoresis 171
Immunosorbent assay test 109
Insulin 41
Iodination 49
Iodine 137
biological role of 137
deficiency manifestations of 138
requirement of 137
sources of 137
Iron 135
absorption of 135
biological role of 135
conservation of 136
deficiency
causes of 136
manifestations 136
treatment of 136
homeostasis of 135
in plasma, normal level of 136
requirement of 135
sources of 135
storage of 136
toxicity 136
transport of 136
Isoelectric pH 77
Iso-enzymes 18
Isomerases 11
Isonicotinic acid hydrazide 15
Isoprene units, formation of 67
K
Keratan sulphate 28
Keratinization 121
Keratins 111
Keratomalacia 121
Kernicterus 116
Ketogenesis 61
Ketonuria 61
Kidney function tests 43
Kidney transplantation 168
Koshland's induced fit theory 14
Krebs citric acid cycle 97f
Kussmaul's respiration 42
L
Lactase 36
Lactic acidosis 39
Lactosazone 26f
Lactose intolerance 37
L-ascorbic acid 128
Lens proteins 112
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome 95
Ligases 12
Lipase 18
Lipemia, postprandial 57
Lipids
absorption of 57
chemistry 47
digestion of 56
functions of 47
metabolism 56
inherited disorders of 93
Lipoxins 64
Lipoxygenase pathway 64f
Long chain fatty acids, absorption of 56
Lyases 11
M
Macrophages 108
Matrix 5
Maturity onset diabetes 41
Medium chain fatty acids 57
Melatonin 90
Mellituria 45
Menkes kinky hair syndrome 137
Metabolism, inborn errors of 91
Met-hemoglobin 117
Methotrexate 127
Michaelis constant 12
Michaelis-Menton theory 14
Microelectrophoresis 169
Microscopes 173
Middle arachnoid mater 157
Milestones 1t
Mineral metabolism 139t
Molecular oxygen 114f
Molisch test 24
Monoclonal band 107
Monophosphates 158
Moving boundary electrophoresis 170
Mucopolysaccharides 27
Multienzyme complex 59
Multiple myeloma 107
Muscle proteins 111
Mutarotation 23
Myosin 112
N
Nephrolithiasis 92
Nephropathy 43
Nephrotic syndrome 72
Nerve conduction 68
Neutral amino acids 75
Neutral amino aciduria 92
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleo- tide phosphate 125
Nicotinic acid 125
Night blindness 121
Nitric acid 25
Nitrogen balance 142
Non-competitive inhibition 15
Non-oxidative deamination 84
Normal anion gap acidosis 148
Normal CSF, composition of 157
Nucleus 4
Nutrition 140
Nutritional value 81
Nyctalopia 121
O
Obstructive liver disease, markers of 153
Oligosaccharides 21
Optical isomerism 74
Oral hypoglycemic agents 45
Ornithine cycle 83
Ornithine transcarbamylase 83f
Osazone 24
Osmosis 166
Osmotic diuresis 42
Osmotic pressure 166
Osteocalcin 122
Osteogenesis imperfecta 111
Ouchterlony double diffusion 172f
Ouchterlony technique 171
Oxidative decarboxylation 124
Oxidative phosphorylation 98
Oxidative rancidity 51
Oxidoreductases 11
Oxygen dissociation curve 118f
P
Paper chromatography 173
Paper electrophoresis 170
Parathyroid hormone 131
Passive immunity 109
Passive transport 7
Pentapeptides 79
Pentosuria, essential 35
Pepsin 82
Peptone 80
Peroxidase 101
Peroxisomes 5
pH, regulation of 145
Phosphate buffer system 146
Phosphatidyl choline 52
Phosphatidyl serine 53
Phosphodiester bonds 162
Phosphoglycerate kinase 98
Phosphorus 132
biological role of 132
deficiency manifestations of 133
distribution of 132
requirement of 132
sources of 132
toxicity of 133
Photolysis 69
Phylloquinone 123
Plasma 103
glucose 44t
lipids 69
membrane 6
proteins 103
estimation 151
functions of 105
separation of 103
Plasmacytoma 107
Plasmalogens 53
Polydypsia 41
Polyhydroxy alcohols 20
Polynucleotide 162f
Polyphagia 41
Polyuria 41
Porphobilinogen 113
Porphyrias 116
Potassium 134
biological function of 134
deficiency of 134
in plasma, normal level of 134
requirement of 134
sources of 134
toxicity of 134
Pregnancy, complications of 43
Pressure gradient 8
Prostate specific antigen 18t
Prosthetic group 10
biosynthesis 165
buffer system 146
calorie malnutrition 143
classification of 79
defense 79
deficiency 142
denaturation of 81
digestion of 82
energy malnutrition 143
function of 79
general functions of 74
in plasma, normal values of 103
organization of 81
protective 79
requirement 142
structural 79
synthesis, inhibitors of 165
Proteinuria, overflow 155
Proteoglycan 28
Prothrombin time 152
Provitamin A 119
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum 111
Purines
metabolism, disorders of 160
nucleotides, degradation of 160
structure of 158f
synthesis inhibitors 161
Pyranose 23
Pyridoxal kinase 126
Pyridoxine 126
biological function of 126
deficiency, manifestations of 126
RDA for 126
sources of 126
Pyrogens 65
R
Racemic mixtures 22
Rancidity 51
Random blood glucose 40
Random blood sugar 40
Reactive oxygen metabolites 101
Red blood cells 44
Red molecules 174f
Reduce dietary cholesterol 73
Refsum's disease 93
Respiratory burst 100
Respiratory diseases 101
Respiratory quotient 140
Reticuloendothelial system 114
Retinopathy 42
Reverse cholesterol transport 72
Reverse osmosis 167
Riboflavin 125
Ribosomal RNA 165
Ribosome 5
RNA synthesis, inhibitors of 165
S
S-adenosyl methionine 88
Sarcolemma 111
Seliwanoff's test 24
Serotonin 89
Shunt pathway 34
Sickle cell hemoglobin 117
Skeletal system 7
Sodium 133
biological role of 134
deficiency 134
glycocholate 56
in plasma, normal level of 134
requirement of 133
sources of 133
taurocholate 56
toxicity 134
Specific dynamic action 140
Sphingolipids 54
Sphingophospholipids 51
Starch gel 172
Stearic acid 53
Stereoisomers, D and L forms of 22
Sterols 55
Strong oxidizing agent 25
Subcellular organelles 4
Substrate concentration 12
Substrate level phosphorylation 97
Succinate thiokinase 98
Sucrose 25
Sugars, simple 20
Suicidal inhibition 16
Superoxide dismutase 101
T
Tangier's disease 72
Tetany 132
Tetrahydrofolic acid 127
Thalassemia 117
Therapeutic enzymes 16
Thymine 159
Thyroid hormone 78
Thyroxin 89
Tissue proteins 103
Titratable acid 146
Toad skin 63
Toxins 80
Trace elements 135
Transfer RNA 165
Transferases 11
Tricarboxylic acid 96
Troponins 112
Trypsin 82
Tubular function tests 153
Turgid 167
Turgor 167
Tyrosinemia 92
V
Vacuum filtration 168
Van den Bergh reaction 151
Van den Bergh test 116
Vascular diseases 42
Very low density lipoprotein 70
Vitamin 119
A 119
biological functions of 121
biological role of 120
deficiency manifestations of 121
in vision, role of 120
sources of 121
structure of 119f
B complex 124t
group 128t
B1 123
biological function of 124
source of 123
structure of 123
B12 127
biological function of 128
deficiency, manifestations of 128
RDA for 128
sources of 127
B2 125
deficiency 125
sources of 125
B6 126
C 128
absorption of 128
excretion of 128
functions of 129
RDA for 128
sources of 128
deficiency manifestations of 122
requirement of 121
sources of 121
E 122
biochemical role of 123
deficiency manifestations of 123
K 123
antagonists of 123
deficiency manifestations of 123
functions of 123
sources of 123
Von Gierke's disease 39