Index

Donald School Textbook of PowerPoint Presentation on Advanced Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology Asim Kurjak, Tuangsit Wataganara, Ritsuko Kimata Pooh

CHAPTER 1:Sonoembryology
- 3D ULTRASOUND IN EARLY PREGNANCY
  - Transvaginal Approach Yields Better Image Quality
  - 3D Surface-Render of a 6 Weeks’ Embryo
CHAPTER 2:Bleeding in the First Trimester of Pregnancy
- CLASSIFICATION
  - Etiology During Normal Pregnancy
- SUBCHORIONIC BLEEDING
- CHORIONIC BUMP
CHAPTER 3:11 to 14 Weeks’ Scan
- BASICS
CHAPTER 4:Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases
- CLASSIFICATIONS
  - Abnormal Trophoblasts of Placental Origin
- COMPLETE HYDATIDIFORM MOLE
CHAPTER 5:Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) for Aneuploidies
- DEVELOPMENT OF PRENATAL MOLECULAR GENETICS
- BACKGROUND: COMBINED US AND BIOCHEMICAL SERUM MARKERS
- BACKGROUND: INVASIVE PRENATAL DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
CHAPTER 6:Multifetal Pregnancies
- SONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF MULTIFETAL PREGNANCY
- TWIN-TWIN TRANSFUSION SYNDROME (TTTS)
- TWINS REVERSED ARTERIAL PERFUSION SEQUENCE (TRAPS)
- TWINS ANEMIC POLYCYTHEMIC SEQUENCE (TAPS)
  - Sonographic Diagnosis
- SELECTIVE FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION (sFGR)
- DISCORDANT FETAL MALFORMATIONS IN MONOCHORIONIC TWINS
  - Discordant Fetal Acrania Detected During 1st Trimester Screening
- CLINICAL COURSE
- TREATMENT OPTIONS
- COMPLICATED MONOAMNIOTIC TWINS
- CONJOINED TWINS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 7:Fetal Neuroanatomy by Ultrasound
- FETAL BRAIN SCAN (CNS SCAN)
  - Why Brain Scan is Difficult??
  - Embryo CS 13–23
CHAPTER 8:Fetal Neuropathology
- CEREBRAL DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
- CRANIUM/SPINA BIFIDA
  - Encephalocele
CHAPTER 9:Fetal Neurobehavior
- IS FETAL NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT POSSIBLE?
  - Quality of Images
- FETAL NEUROLOGY—INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 10:Fetal Neurobehavioral Development in Twin Pregnancies
CHAPTER 11:Fetal Therapy
- CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
  - Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Fetal Gender Determination
- GENE THERAPY AND STEM CELL TRANSPLANT To alleviate the severity of certain genetic diseases, i.e. thalassemia
  - Fetal Gene Therapy
  - Fetal Stem Cell Transplant
- MINIMALLY INVASIVE PROCEDURES
  - Fetal Conditions Amendable for Minimally Invasive Procedures
  - Serial Amniodrainage
- FETAL ANEMIA
- FETAL POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVE
- FETAL MRI IN POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVE
- CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA
- PERCUTANEOUS SCLEROTHERAPY
  - Response of Fetal Hydrops from CPAM after Percutaneous Sclerotherapy
- EX UTERO INTRAPARTUM TREATMENT EXIT
  - Large Fetal Neck Mass
  - EXIT Procedure
- PLACENTAL CHORIOANGIOMA
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES OF PLACENTAL MASS
CHAPTER 12:Ultrasound Diagnosis of Fetal Tumors
- SONOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF FETAL TUMORS
CHAPTER 13:Invasive Prenatal Procedures
- PRE-CONCEPTION GENETIC CONSULTATION
  - Pre-Test Counseling: Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis
  - Prenatal and Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis
CHAPTER 14:Basics in Fetal Echocardiography
CHAPTER 15:High Definition 3D Ultrasound: From Beginning to Birth
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 16:Cervical Length Measurement for Prediction of Preterm Delivery
CHAPTER 17:Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
CHAPTER 18:Doppler in Intrauterine Fetal Growth Restriction
- IUGR
CHAPTER 19:Clinical Application of KANET Test
- FETAL NEUROLOGY—INTRODUCTION
  - Fetal Neurology—KANET
CHAPTER 20:Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- FETAL IMAGINGS
  - History of Fetal MRI
  - Image Creation with MRI
- SAFETY OF FETAL MRI
  - Indications of Fetal MRI
  - Fetal US: Advantages
  - Fetal US: Disadvantages
  - Fetal MRI: Advantages
  - Fetal MRI: Disadvantages
  - Rationale of Using Fetal MRI
  - Benefits of MRI: Obstructed View
  - Benefits of MRI: Large Field of View
  - Benefits of MRI: Maternal Anatomy
  - Prenatal MRI: Evaluation of Placenta
- US PLACENTA ACCRETA: GRAY SCALE
- US PLACENTA ACCRETA: COLOR DOPPLER
- US PLACENTA ACCRETA: 3D POWER DOPPLER
- MRI DIAGNOSIS OF PLACENTA ACCRETA
- GROSS SPECIMEN OF PLACENTA ACCRETA
- PLACENTA ACCRETA MRI AND GROSS SPECIMEN
- ABDOMINAL PREGNANCY
  - Fetal Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH)
  - Fetal CDH
  - Left-sided Fetal CDH: Liver Down
  - Measurement of Contralateral Lung Area with MRI
- LIVER POSITION IN CDH
  - Prognosis of Fetal CDH with ‘Liver-up’
  - Associated Anomalies can Worsen the Prognosis in CDH Baby
- BRONCHOPULMONARY SEQUESTRATION
  - MRI Aids in Diagnosis of Rare Form of Bronchopulmonary Sequestration: Subdiaphragmatic Type
- CONGENITAL HIGH AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION (CHAOS)
- CONGENITAL HIGH AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION (CHAOS): US
- FETAL MRI IN CHAOS
  - Evaluation of Fetal Intracranial Structures
- SEVERE PERINATAL BRAIN DAMAGES
- US PREDICTION OF FETAL BRAIN DAMAGE
  - Indications of MRI Fetal Brain
- UNILATERAL VENTRICULOMEGALY
- HYDRANENCEPHALY
- ARACHNOID CYST
  - Fetal MRI and Arachnoid Cyst
  - Borderline Ventriculomegaly (11–15 mm)
- SIGNIFICANCE OF VENTRICULOMEGALY
- SCHIZENCEPHALY
- FETAL INFRATENTORIAL STRUCTURES
- OCCIPITAL MENINGOCELE
- FETAL MENINGOMYELOCELE
- FETAL MENINGOMYELOCELE: INTRACRANIAL SIGNS
  - Fetal Meningomyelocele
  - MRI and Antenatal Management
  - Sacral Defect without Hindbrain Herniation may Perform Well at Birth
  - Fetal Soft Tissue/Cystic Tumor
  - Fetal Lymphangioma
  - MRI and Fetal Lymphangioma
  - Postnatal Appearance of Lymphangioma
  - Fetal Solid Tumor
  - Fetal MRI and KUB Anomalies
  - Fetal Bilateral Renal Agenesis
  - Fetal Bladder Outlet Obstruction
  - Fetal Posterior Urethral Valve
  - MRI of Fetal Posterior Urethral Valve
  - Fetal Kidney Deterioration in Posterior Urethral Valve
  - Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ) Obstruction
  - MRI Feature of Bilateral UPJ Obstruction
  - Large MRI Field of View
  - Fetal Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
  - MRI Fetal Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
  - Prediction of Successful Postnatal Resection
  - Limitations of Fetal MRI
  - Potential Pitfalls
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 21:Perfect Baby: Imperfect Expectations
- PERINATAL MEDICINE Promotes Pursuit of the Perfect Baby
CHAPTER 22:Ultrasound Diagnosis of Morbidly Adherent Placenta
- MORBIDLY ADHERENT PLACENTA
CHAPTER 23:Preeclampsia Screening
- SERUM BIOMARKERS AND PREECLAMPSIA
- SCREENING FOR PREECLAMPSIA
- CAN COMBINED SCREENING LEAD TO TARGETED PREVENTATIVE THERAPY ?
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 24:Fetal Urinary Tract Anomalies
CHAPTER 25:Fetal Skeletal Dysplasia and Malformations
- DEVELOPMENT OF BONE IN THE EARLY STAGE
- PATTERN RECOGNITION OF SKELETAL DYSPLASIAS
CHAPTER 26:Sonogenetics
- EUPLOID
- TRISOMY
- MONOSOMY
- CHROMOSOME PROFILE
CHAPTER 27:Fetal Thorax: Anatomy and Defects
- THORAX Normal Anatomy
  - Thorax Anomalies
- NORMAL THORAX
- AXIAL VIEW OF THE MEDIASTINUM (3-VESSEL VIEW)
CHAPTER 28:Ultrasound in Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia
- INTRODUCTION
  - Epidemiology
  - Incidence
CHAPTER 29:Management of Prenatally Diagnosed Congenital Anomalies in Africa
- CONGENITAL ANOMALIES SEEN IN AFRICA
  - Causes
CHAPTER 30:Ultrasound in Labor
- ULTRASOUND IN LABOR: INTRODUCTION
  - However…..
CHAPTER 31:Ultrasound Screening in Perinatal Medicine
- WHAT IS ULTRASOUND SCREENING?
  - Ultrasound Dating
CHAPTER 32:Ultrasound Safety in Obstetrics
- PRINCIPLE OF DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND SAFETY
CHAPTER 33:Basic Use of Ultrasound in Neonatology
- NEONATAL IMAGING
  - Which Imaging Method Should be Used in Neonates?
  - History of US Diagnostics
CHAPTER 34:Normal Pelvic Anatomy on Ultrasound: Uterus and Endometrium
- INTRODUCTION
- X-RAYS FOR THE UTERUS
- HSG
  - HSG: Limitations
- US AND MRI Less Invasive, More Informative
  - Advantages of US
  - MRI
CHAPTER 35:Normal Pelvic Anatomy on Ultrasound: Fallopian Tubes and Ovaries
CHAPTER 36:Color Doppler in Gynecology
- COLOR DOPPLER IN GYNECOLOGY
- FLOW IN A “CYSTIC SPACE”
- AS A LANDMARK FOR THE OVARY
CHAPTER 37:Three- and Four-Dimensional Ultrasound in Gynecology
CHAPTER 38:Additional Benefits of 3-Dimensional Sonogram in Gynecology
- PELVIC ORGAN EXAMINATIONS
- UTERUS
  - 3D US can Create Unconventional View of the Uterus
  - Endometrial Cavity Contour
  - Endometrial Cavity Appearance ‘Triple Layer’ Late Proliferative Phase
- ABNORMAL UTERINE CAVITY
  - Septate Uterus
  - Arcuate Uterus
  - Hematometra in Cervical Stenosis
- ENDOMETRIAL LESIONS
  - Focal Endometrial Lesion; Polyp
  - Endometrial Polyp
  - Endometrial Polyp: Removal
  - Visualization of Small Focal Endometrial Lesions
  - Saline Infusion Sonohysterography (SIS)
  - Submucous Myoma
  - Submucous Myoma and Fertility
- INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUD)
  - Pyometra with IUD (uncertain history)
  - Lippes Loop
  - For other Types of IUDs
  - Single Metallic Rod without Metallic Components on the Wings
  - Single Metallic Rod without Metallic Components on the Wings: Multiload IUD
  - Multiload IUD
  - Multiload IUD: Various 3DUS demonstrations
  - Location of the IUD
  - Dislodged Multiload IUD
  - Identification of IUD Type from Single Sagittal Image is Inaccurate
  - Multiplanar Approach Copper-T IUD
  - 3D TVS can Identify the Type, Location, and Endometrial Cavity at the Same Time
  - Copper T IUD
  - Transvaginal US; Copper-T IUD
  - Identification of IUD Type from Single Sagittal Image
  - Mirena IUS
  - Identification of IUD type from Single Sagittal Image is Inaccurate
  - Chinese Ring IUD
  - Conclusion
- OVARY
  - Normal Ovary on Conventional 2D Scan
  - Ovarian Fossa is on Iliac Artery and Vein
  - 3D US Appearance of the Ovary
- INTERNAL SURFACE OF AN OVARIAN CYST
  - Simple Cyst of the Ovary
  - Simple Cyst: Smooth Internal Surface
  - Hemorrhagic Cyst
  - Hemorrhagic Cyst: 3DHD
- POLYCYSTIC OVARY
  - Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
  - 3D US Surface Rendered to Demonstrate Peripheral Distribution of the Follicles
  - 3D US Inversion Mode to Demonstrate Peripheral Distribution of the Follicles
- OVARIAN TUMOR
  - Ovarian Dermoid 2D US Remains the Primary Diagnostic Tool
  - Endometrioma with Internal Solid Fibrous Nodule
  - Borderline Serous Cystadenoma
  - Borderline Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma
- OVARIAN CANCER
  - Serous Cystadenocarcinoma
- RECURRENT OVARIAN CANCER
  - Large Solid Pelvic Tumor
  - Neovascularization with Low-impedance Flow
  - 3D Sonoangiogram Shows Rich Vascular Flow
- INDICES FOR 3D SONOANGIOGRAM
- PLACENTAL SONOBIOPSY VASCULARIZATION INDEX (VI)
  - Niche View of Placental Angioarchitecture
  - Applications of Placental Sonobiopsy
- PLACENTAL SONOBIOPSY: VASCULARIZATION FLOW INDEX (VFI)
  - Sonobiopsy
  - Demonstration of Placental Angioarchitectures
- ABDOMINAL PREGNANCY
- FOLLOW UP OF PLACENTAL REGRESSION
  - Placental Volume: VOCAL
  - Significantly Decreased Flow After Weeks of Follow Up
- ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
  - Prediction of Endometrial Cancer
- URINARY BLADDER
  - Mucosal Invasion of the Urinary Bladder by Cervical Cancer
  - Double-J Stent that was Left for Years
  - Arcuate Artery
- ASCITES
  - Added Benefits of 3D US in Pelvic Pathology
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 39:Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Pediatric Gynecologic Disorders
- ADVANTAGES OF US IN PEDIATRIC GYNECOLOGY
  - Advantages of US in Pediatric Gynecology
- LIMITATIONS OF PEDIATRIC GYNECOLOGIC ULTRASOUND
  - Limitations Overcome By
CHAPTER 40:Ultrasound and the Pelvic Floor
CHAPTER 41:Ultrasound in Infertility
- WHY ULTRASOUND IS USED TO ASSESS INFERTILE COUPLE
- EVALUATION OF INFERTILITY IN MALES
  - Ultrasound of Scrotum
CHAPTER 42:3D Ultrasound in Infertility
- INTRODUCTION

INDEX

TOC
Index

Chapter Notes