A
Abdominal distension 71
Abdominal muscles 21
Abdominal paradox 732
Abdominal surgery 736
Acid-base balance 704
Aerosolised epinephrine 730
Aerosols in-line circuit nebuliser 599
Airway calibre 81
Airway dead space 53
Airway disease 565
Airway inflammation 577
Airway obstruction after intensive therapy 595
Airway obstruction 249
Airway occlusion pressure 712
Airway protection 690
Airway reflex, protection of 705
Airway, chronic obstructive 577
Airway, diameter of 82
Airway, generations of 6f
Airway, patency of 34
Alveolar air equation 40
Alveolar fluid 97
Alveolar gas equation 287
Alveolar lining fluid 70
Alveolar membrane, diffusion across 15
Alveolar oedema 517
Alveolar oxygen tension 40
Alveolar recruitment 485f
Alveolar rupture 531
Alveolar septal destruction 97
Anaesthetic management for ventilating patient 582
Anaesthetic significance of ascending paralysis 688
Ankylosis 72
Antibiotics 603
Anticholinergic drugs 10
Anti-mods monitoring 661
Anti-mods warning signs 664
Antioxidants 663
Apneusis 13
Apneustic breathing 13
Apneustic centre 13
ARDS 71
and cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, differentiate between 632
net-oxygenation goal 650
pathophysiology of 629f
treatment of 638
Arterial and systemic oxygenation 517f
Arterial blood with plasma 223
Arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation 510
Arterial pressure 680
Arterial venous oxygen content difference 511
Aspiration 71
Assisted ventilation 367
Atelectatic unit 90f
Audible alarms 294
Auto-PEEP in lung 523f
B
Bacteriological screening 638
Balloon, narrowed tube of 308
Bandages 72
Barometric pressure 110
Barotrauma/volutrauma, lesser chance of 411
Beta agonist, side effects of 605
Beta stimulation 10
Bicarbonate 597
BIPAP - genuine 448
BIPAP ventilation 455
BIPAP with PSV 722
BIPAP, special features of 445
BIPAP/bi-level mode 482
Biphasic cuirass ventilation 193
Blood counts 595
Blood low PaO2 708
Blood transfusions 660
Bohr dead space equation 52
Bony development of cage 70
Boyle's law 103
Brain tissue oxygen tension 685
Brain trauma foundation 674
Brain-lung cross talk 678
Brainstem 11
abnormal regulation of 689
basic model of 203
before weaning starts 717
circuit 199
cycle and inspiratory 271
decrease work of 427
dual control 437
during sleep 688
in auto-PEEP 526
mechanics of 17
positive pressure 198f
test 469f
time alarms 304
to breath 437
support 418
with CPAP 481f
Bronchial muscle tone 83
Bronchoalveolar lavage 633
Bronchodilators improve ventilation 529f
Bronchopneumonia 71
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 284
Bronchospasm 620
Bulk flow 48
C
Capillary hydrostatic pressure 162
diffusion 112
in blood 513
partial pressure of 482
retention, risk of 412
tension 226
transportation of 41
Carbon monoxide 227
Cardiac arrhythmias 622
Cardiac atrial cell 500
Cardiac complications 604
Cardiac effect by PPV with PEEP 490f
Cardiac filling pressures 662
Cardiac performance 162
Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema 519
Cardiorespiratory function 514
Cardiovascular functions 411
Cardiovascular monitoring and strategy 661
Cardiovascular status 727
Cardiovascular warning signs 664
Carrico index 236
Cellular respiration 17
Central controller 11
Central nervous system injury 605
Central venous catheter 188
Cerebral autoregulation 671
Cerebral palsy 103
Cerebral perfusion 176
Cerebrospinal fluid 27
Charle's law 103
Chest and abdomen, movements of 40
Chest compliance, effects of 154
Chest diseases 72
Chest expansion 266
Circuit compressible volume 242
Circuit ventilators, single 197
CMV mode, components of 362
CO2 exchange and oxygenation 653
CO2 of primary concern 642
Compressed gases 186
Congenital emphysematous lung 71
Congenital heart disease 97
Congenital pulmonary hypoplasia 71
Corticosteroids 620
Cough with airway suctioning 733
Cough, reduction in ability to 689
Craniocerebral trauma 383
Cuff leak test 729
Cuirass ventilator 192
Cycling synchrony 431
Cyst formation 637
D
Decubitus ulcers 696
Deflection point, upper 508
De-pressurisation after opening expiratory valve 525f
Derecruitment pressure 487
Determine oxygenation 236
Dexamethasone 730
Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 74
Disease resolution 639
Dissolved oxygen, importance of 220
Double circuit ventilators 198
Double closed loop 197
Drug monitoring and electrolytes 595
Dual controlled ventilation 360
Dynamic equilibrium 105
Dynamic hyperinflation 579
Dysfunction, diaphragmatic 120
Dysphagia, bulbar dysfunction 691
E
Electrocardiogram 349
Electromagnetic poppet valve 200
Emphysema 111
End-organ hypoxia 569
Endotracheal intubation 582
EPAP/CPAP/PEEP, effects of 453
Etomidate 583
Eucapnic ventilation 481
Exacerbation of COPD 607
Exhaled end-tidal carbon dioxide tension 305
Exhaled gas alarms 305
Exhaled minute ventilation alarm 392
Exhaled oxygen tension 305
Expiratory force, maximum 689
Expiratory period, short 181
Expiratory trigger variable 425f
Expired minute volume 285
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 646
Extrathoracic pressure minus intrathoracic pressure 489
Extravascular water 482
Extrinsic lung restriction 71
Extrinsic PEEP 649
Extubation, failed 731
F
Fibrosis 71
Fick's equation 93
Fick's law of diffusion 26
Flow control valves 185
Flow synchrony 431
Flow time waveform 314f
Flow trigger 348
Fluid dynamics within lungs 626
Fluid SOL layer 8
Frank Starling mechanisms 163
G
Gas down tube 415f
Gas flow 428
Gas laws 103
Gas solubility 106
Gastrointestinal functions 177
Gay-Lussac's law 103
Glasgow coma score 675
Glucocorticoids 600
Graham's law 104
H
Haemodynamic instability 622
Haemodynamically stable patient 703
Haemoglobin concentration 230
Haemoglobin desaturation 569
Haemoglobin oxygen equilibrium curve 222
Haemoglobin versus dissolved oxygen 228
Haemoglobin, reduction in 229
Haemorrhage 168
Head injury, weaning from severe 686
Head/brain injury, mechanical ventilation in 675
Heat moisture exchangers 208
Heated humidifier 208
Hepatic and gastrointestinal functions 505
Hepatic function 178
Hernia, diaphragmatic 71
Heterogenecity in distribution of gas 635
Heterogeneous process 630
Heterogenous lung disease 283
High compliance under artificial ventilation 72f
High exhaled tidal volume 302
High flow rate 249
High frequency range 392
High lung compliance 155
High minute volume alarm 302
High peak pressure alarm 297
High ventilatory rate 57
High ventilatory requirement 263
Hooke's law 69
Hormonal changes 498
Humidification 206
Hypercapnic acidosis 596
Hyperinflation and intrinsic PEEP 611
Hypocapnia on brain vessels 673
Hypokalaemia 604
Hypoperfusion 35
Hypoxaemic failure, pathophysiology of 565
I
Inadequate oxygenation 570
Infants and children 435
Infection 705
Inflammatory oedema 661
Inflation volume
in pressure ventilation, determinants of 244
Inflation, degree of 62
Inflection point, lower 508
Inhaled air, humidification of 4
Inhaled bronchodilators first line therapy 620
Inhaled corticosteroid 601
Inspiratory muscle overload 580
Inspiratory plateau 281
Inspiratory slope 356
Inspiratory volume-pressure curve 508
Inspiratory volume-time waveform 311f
Inspired gas alarms 304
Inspired gas temperature 305
Insufficient alveolar ventilation, causes of 40
Intermittent abdominal pressure ventilator 194
Intermittent mandatory ventilation 403
Internal intercostal muscle 21
Internal pneumatic circuit 197
Interstitial fluid 29
Intracellular metabolism 41
Intracranial hypertension 678
Intrapulmonary gas distribution 411
Intravenous aminophylline 600
Intravenous bronchodilators 599
Intravenous magnesium sulphate 602
Intravenous salbutamol or terbutaline 599
Intubation and ventilation 581
Ischaemia 504
L
Lactic acidosis 605
Laplace's formula 76
Large tidal volume 57
Light emitting diode 294
Light's criteria 634
Liquid ventilation 646
Liver 178
Loop system, closed 196
Low total muscle mass 73
Lower frequency range 392
Lower tidal volume 359
and chest wall 493
disease
states of 68
elastic
loads 714
recoil of 70
tissue of 70
emptying 519
positive pressure 493
acute 516
transfusion related acute 679
ventilator associated 678
mechanical properties of 244
mechanics, monitoring of 323
pathology, presence of 233
protective inflation volumes 247
recoil forces 487
recruitment 642
resection 249
and alveolar vessels 173f
water 660
with no air trapping 523f
M
Magill system 57
Magnesium sulphate 602
Memory, random access 202
Methaemoglobinaemia 227
Methylprednisolone 663
Microprocessor controlled ventilator, operation of 202f
Midazolam 585
Misconception regarding weaning 700
Mitral stenosis 71
Mixed venous blood 89
Monitor ventilatory status 50
Mucous layers 7
Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome 631
Muscle fibres, arrangement of 70
Muscle pressure 204
Muscle relaxation 588
Muscular disorders 737
Myasthenia gravis 691
Myasthenic crisis 691
Myocardial stunning 604
N
Narcotics 685
Nebulised bronchodilators 598
Nebulised ipratroprium bromide 599
Nebulised β2 agonist 598
Neck, flexion and extension of 54
Neural and muscular components 14f
Neural conduction 736
Neurogenic pulmonary oedema 675
Neurohormonal mechanism affecting kidney function 498
Neurological conditions ventilatory support 690
Neuromuscular blocking drugs 583
Neuromuscular dysfunction 735
Neuromuscular respiratory failure 690f
Neutrophils 633
Nitric oxide 657
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema 111
Non-conventional ventilation 645
Non-ossified chest wall 73
Non-ventilated alveoli 564
Nutrition 704
O
Obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic 124
Occult-PEEP 521
Oesophagus 178
Ohm's law 77
Opioids 585
Optimise oxygen demand 659
Oral cavity and oropharynx 3
Oral intubation 676
Organ dysfunction syndrome 661
Osserman's scale 691
Oxgen gas mixture 730
administration 596
binding capacity 220
binding curve 222
concentration alarm 305
concentration, fractional inspired 213
and consumption 567
reduced 575
to cells 566
diffusion 108
flux 93
in blood, partial pressure of 513
partial pressure of 222
saturation 221f
to cells, delivery of 566
toxicity 639
mechanism of 231
transport system of 213
transport, failure of 567
uptake, failure of 568
Oxyhaemoglobin 221
P
PaCO2, changes in 672
Parenchymal lung injury 635
Parenchymal respiratory failure 666
Partial ventilatory support 206
Peak airway pressure 265
Peak alveolar pressure 278f
Peak inflation pressure, desired level of 252
Peak inspiration pressure 353
Periciliary fluid layer 8
Peripheral tissues 223
Peritoneal dialysis 71
Permissive hypoxaemia 642
Persistent hypoxaemia, treatment of 234
pH goal 669
Pharmacological strategy in COPD 619
Phrenic nerve dysfunction 736
Physiological dead space 53
Physiological effects of PSV 426
PINSP and PEEP by value 459f
Pitfalls of autoflow 476
Pleural disease 71
Pneumatic poppet valve 200
Pneumatic power, loss of 296
Pneumonectomy 54
Pneumonia 111
Pneumotaxic centre 13
Polyneuropathy, critical care 605
Positive airway pressure 720
and CO2 exchange 513
and FIO2 trial 651
and higher FIO2 table 651
and lower FIO2 668
and non-responder 510f
and tidal volume 640
application to oedematous lung 483f
as responders and non-responders 509
effects of intrinsic 610
helps in ARDS 517
helps in COPD 518
in COPD patient, role of extrinsic 618
on bronchial circulation 497
on gastrointestinal functions 502
on GIT 503f
on hepatic function 504
on pulmonary vascular resistance 495
on PVR 496f
on splanchnic vessels 503f
on systems 482
responders from non-responders 651f
role of 694
extrinsic 592
Post laparotomy 71
Potent cellular toxins 231
Pre-existing disease 124
Pressure amplitude between pHIGH and pLOW 458
Pressure and volume values 534
Pressure equalisation 524f
Pressure filling, negative 18f
Pressure in mechanical breath 545
Pressure measurement in CVP 525
Pressure parameters 451
Pressure preset mode 481
Pressure support
to achieve targeted tidal volume 439f
advantages of 436
classification of 419
with noninvasive ventilation in COPD 434
with SIMV 435
with CPAP 722
Pressure versus volume control breaths 642
Pressure, distending 478
Pressure, types of 147f
Prophylactic hyperventilation with normal intracranial pressure 677
Propofol infusion syndrome 685
Protein concentration 633
Pulmonary arterial blood 223
Pulmonary artery 164
Pulmonary compliance 638
Pulmonary diseases, management of chronic obstructive 607
Pulmonary effects 482
Pulmonary embolus 56f
Pulmonary fibre, elasticity of 71
Pulmonary fistula 97
Pulmonary hyperinflation 580
Pulmonary parenchymal failure 735
Pulmonary pressures 61
Pulmonary vein 164
Pulmonary ventilatory failure 735
Puritan Bennett and bear ventilators 235
R
Recoil pressure 60
Recruiting manoeuvres (RM) 640
Red status bar 294
Refractory hypoxaemia 513
Residual volume 117
Respiratory acidosis 609
Respiratory capacity 714
Respiratory compensation, signs of 569
Respiratory drive, depressed 571
Respiratory homoeostasis 31
Respiratory inductance plethysmography 349
Respiratory insufficiency 561
Respiratory mechanics 611
Respiratory monitoring 569
Respiratory organs 3
Respiratory quotient 30
Respiratory support 570
Respiratory values, normal 126
Reynolds's number 80
Rhabdomyolysis 605
Right main bronchus 6
Robin Hood phenomenon 673
S
Scoliosis 72
Siemens and Drager ventilators 235
Small intestine and colon 178
Smaller volumes 115
Smoke inhalation 111
Solenoid valve 200
Spinal cord abnormalities 736
Splanchnic hypoperfusion 502
Spontaneous and mechanical breath 547f
Spontaneous respiratory rate 710
Spontaneous tidal volume 710
Spring, elastic resistance of 128f
Sputum analysis 581
Static and dynamic compliance curves, shifting of 331f
Static compliance, calculation of 66
Steal phenomenon 673
Steep Trendelenburg position 119
Stomach 178
Stress amplification 649
Stress and strain, concepts of 635
Stress fractures 173
Structural resistance 132
Subatmospheric pressure 23
Sympathetic tone 569
Synchrony or dyssynchrony 430
Systemic corticosteroid 601
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 631
Systemic inflammatory response, role of 678
T
Tension pneumothorax 71
Tetralogy of Fallot 90
Therapeutic hyperventilation 677
Thoracic compliance 525
Thoracic gas volume 123
Thoracic pump mechanism, abolition of 160f
Thoracic pump, negative 160
Thromboembolic disorders 696
Tobin index 714
Toxic gases 9
Toxic levels 487
T-piece and ventilatory support 720
T-piece breathing 718
Transthoracic vascular pressure gradient 489f
Traumatic spinal injury 688
Trendelenburg position 119
Trigger mechanical breath 580
Trigger synchrony 431
Trigger timeout 476
Trigger, causes of 303
Tromethamine 597
Tube compensation 724
Tuberculosis 103
V
Vascular filling pressures 620
Vascular lung tumours 97
Venous admixture 91
Venous blood, normal mixed 223
Venous oxygen content 220
Venous return 159
adaptive support 724
and perfusion
distribution of 98
imbalance 577
assist pressure controlled 616
bi-vent mode of 467f
common modes of 360f
controlling minute 364
criteria 709
disorder 70
distribution of 38
failure 460
for chronic NMD, role of noninvasive 694
in acute exacerbation 519
interactive 474
noninvasive 664
perfusion in excess of 97
perfusion mismatch 608
and shunt 635
precautions at initiation of 582
pressure controlled mode of 314
strategy 679f
in severe TBI 679
time parameters in 271
type of 664
wasted 286
without perfusion (dead space) 564
Ventilator assistance 612
Ventilator dependent patients, chronic 731
Ventilator dyssynchrony 644
Ventilator function, control 195
Ventilator management in severe asthmatics 586
Ventilator pressure 204
Ventilator sensitivity 343
Ventilator settings 616
Ventilator setup and adjustment 667
Ventilator strategy, change of 664
Ventilatory alarms 366
Ventilatory defects 121
Ventilatory demands 639
Ventilatory load 738
Ventilatory management in ARDS 638
Ventilatory mode 616
Ventilatory monitoring 661
Ventilatory pattern, abnormal 684
for ARDS 624
for neuromuscular diseases 687
for traumatic brain injury 671
in ARDS 641
in head/brain injury 675
Ventricular afterload, right 578
Vessels, types of 495
Viscomechanical dissociation 9f
Volaemic status initially 664
Volatile general anaesthetics 10
Volume alarms 300
Volume and pleural pressure 66
Volume assured pressure support 342
Volume infusion 662
Volume monitoring 300
Volume restriction 72
Volume scalar 552
Volume trigger 349