THE SPINE: Medical and Surgical Management
THE SPINE: Medical and Surgical Management
Vol. 1 and Vol. 2
Editors
Alexander R Vaccaro MD PhD MBA
Richard H Rothman Professor and Chairman Department of Orthopedic Surgery Professor of Neurosurgery Co-Chief of Spine Surgery Sidney, Kimmel Medical Center at Thomas Jefferson University Co-Director, Delaware Valley Spinal Cord Injury Center President, Rothman Institute Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Brian W Su MD
Spine Surgeon, Medical Director Spine Surgery Marin General Hospital, Marin Surgeon-in-Chief California Orthopedics and Spine Larkspur, California, USA
Kazuhiro Chiba MD PhD
Professor and Chairman Department of Orthopedic Surgery National Defense Medical College Saitama, Japan
Marcel F Dvorak MD FRCSC MBA
Associate Senior Medical Director Vancouver Acute, Vancouver General Hospital and Vancouver Coastal Health Professor, Department of Orthopedics University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada
H Michael Mayer MD PhD
Professor, Department of Neurosurgery Chairman, Spine Center Schön Klinik München Harlaching FIFA Medical Center of Excellence Academic Hospital Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg München, Germany
S Rajasekaran MS DNB FRCS (Ed) MCh (Liv) FACS FRCS (Eng) PhD
Chairman Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Spine Surgery Ganga Hospital Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Luiz R Vialle MD PhD
Professor of Orthopedics School of Medicine, Spine Unit Cajuru University Hospital and Marcelino Champagnat Hospital Director, Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná State, Curitiba, Brazil
Yan Wang MD
Professor and Chief Surgeon 301 Spine Center, Beijing President, Chinese Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (CAOS) Chairman, Chinese Spine Society Deputy-Editor, SPINE Journal (Wolters Kluwer) Chinese PLA General Hospital (301 Hospital), Beijing, China
Magdy Gamal Youssef MD
Professor Department of Spine Surgery Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt
Foreword
Robert Gunzburg MD PhD
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The Spine: Medical and Surgical Management (Vol 1 and Vol 2)
First Edition: 2019
9789351524946
Printed at
My daughter Mia who makes my wife and I beam with joy every day and wish we could spend all the time in the world with her.
Alexander R Vaccaro
My parents who taught me the definition of determination, my loving wife Thomasina, and my mentors Drs Alexander R Vaccaro and Robert Byers.
Brian W Su
My mentors, fellow colleagues, and most of all to my wife, Mari.
Kazuhiro Chiba
My wife, Sue.
Marcel F Dvorak
My teachers and patients and most of all to Isabel, Lukas and Frizzi.
H Michael Mayer
My parents, my brother and my wife Rama and children for their continuous guidance, support, encouragement and love.
S Rajasekaran
My wife, Elizabeth, always supporting my academic carrier, even when there was some non-sense…
Luiz R Vialle
My mentor Professor Shengxiu Zhu who taught and guided me to start my orthopedic career.
Yan Wang
My mentors, fellow colleagues and students at Ain-Shams University, all my colleagues who shared writing, editing and releasing this book, and most of all to my father and rest of my family and kids and a special dedication to my country.
Magdy Gamal Youssef
- Michael Abdou MD
- The Rothman Institute
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Fahad H Abduljabbar MBBS FRCSC
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Paul D Ackerman MD
- Neurosurgeon
- Loyola University Medical Center and
- Presence Resurrection Medical Center
- Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Frank Acosta MD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Clinical
- Neurological Surgery
- Keck School of Medicine
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles, California, USA
- Adewale Adeniran MD
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
- The San Antonio Orthopedic Group
- San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Vincenzo Albanese MD
- Former Professor
- Neurosurgical Clinic of the
- University Hospital of Catania
- The School of Specialization in
- Neurosurgery of the University of Catania
- Catania, Sicily, Italy
- Marjan Alimi MD
- Senior Clinical Research Fellow in Spine
- Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center
- New York City, New York, USA
- Abdulaziz Alkuwari MD
- Assistant Program Director
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Hamad General Hospital
- Doha, Qatar
- Jonathan Allen MD
- Spinal and Orthopedic Surgeon
- Advanced Ambulatory Surgery Center
- Arrowhead Reginal Medical Center and
- St Bernardine Medical Center
- Redlands, California, USA
- Christopher P Ames MD
- Professor of Neurological Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- University of California,
- San Francisco
- San Francisco, California, USA
- Beejal Y Amin MD FAANS
- Director, Spine Institute
- Presence St Joseph Medical Center
- Clinical Assistant Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Rush University Medical Center
- Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Howard S An MD
- Professor and The Morton International Endowed Chair for Spine Research
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Rush Medical College
- Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Neel Anand MD
- Clinical Professor of Surgery and
- Director of Spine Trauma
- Cedars-Sinai Spine Center
- Los Angeles, California, USA
- D Greg Anderson MD
- Orthopedic Spinal Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedics and
- Neurological Surgery
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Karen K Anderson
- Vincent M Arlet MD
- Chief of Orthopedic Spine Surgery
- Penn Medicine
- Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
- Pennsylvania Hospital
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Paul M Arnold MD FACS
- Professor of Neurosurgery and
- Vice-Chairman for Research
- Director, Spinal Cord Injury Center
- Special Graduate Faculty
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
- University of Kansas Medical Center
- Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Nelson Astur MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Astur Institute
- Pacaembu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- S Aunoble MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Clinique du Dos, Orthopole Bordeaux, France
- Christopher Bailey MD FRCSC
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Department of Surgery
- University of Western Ontario
- London, Ontario, Canada
- G Balamurali MBBS MRCS MD FRCS (SN)
- Consultant, Spine and Neurosurgeon
- Head of Department of Advanced Spine Surgery
- Kauvery Hospital
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Daniel A Baluch MD
- Orthopedic Spine Surgery Specialist
- Orthopedic Surgery Associates
- Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Stephen P Banco MD
- Orthopedic Spinal Surgery
- Keystone Spine and Pain Management Center
- Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, USA
- Giuseppe MV Barbagallo MD
- Associate Professor of Neurosurgery
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Policlinico “G Rodolico” University Hospital
- Catania, Italy
- Eli M Baron MD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Clinical Neurosurgery
- Cedars-Sinai Spine Center
- Los Angeles, California, USA
- Sigurd Berven MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- St Francis Memorial Hospital and
- St Mary's Medical Center
- San Francisco, California, USA
- Arvind Bhave MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Spine Clinic
- Bhave Hospital
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Çağ daş Bicen MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Division of Organ and
- Tissue Transplantation
- Medical Park Izmir Hospital
- Izmir, Turkey
- Benjamin Blondel MD
- Spine Unit
- Aix Marseille University
- Marseille, France
- Stefano Boriani MD
- Spine Surgeon
- Director of Spinal Teaching Program and Head of Spine Tumor Surgery of the GSpine4, Spine Surgery Division
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi Milan (I)
- Milan, Italy
- Darrel S Brodke MD
- Louis and Janet Peery Presidential Endowed Chair
- Professor and Senior Vice-Chair
- Department of Orthopedics
- University of Utah
- Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Alexander T Brothers MD
- Resident Physician
- St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center
- Paterson, New Jersy, USA
- Christopher Brown MD FAAOS
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Broward Health Coral Springs and Broward Health Medical Center
- Plantation, Florida, USA
- Jens-Ivar Brox MD
- Professor
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Institute of Clinical Medicine
- Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
- Zach Broyer MD
- Physiatrist
- Nazareth Hospital and
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Jacob M Buchowski MD MS
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopedic and
- Neurological Surgery
- Director, Center for Spinal Tumors
- Washington University
- St Louis, Missouri, USA
- David B Bumpass MD
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
- University of Arkansas for
- Medical Sciences and
- Arkansas Children's Hospital
- Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Christopher A Burks MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon,
- Ocean Springs Hospital
- Ocean Springs
- Singing River Hospital
- Pascagoula, Mississippi, USA
- Doug Burton MD
- Marc and Elinor Asher Spine Professor
- Vice-Chairman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- University of Kansas
- School of Medicine
- Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Patrick J Cahill MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Frank P Cammisa MD
- Chief Emeritus of the Spine Service
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery
- Weill Cornell Medical College
- New York, USA
- Eric Carkner MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- New England Baptist Hospital
- Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Ryan T Cassilly MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Garden State Orthopedic Associates
- Fair Lawn, New Jersey, USA
- Priscilla K Cavanaugh MD
- Orthopedic Surgery Resident
- Hahnemann University Hospital
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Paul C Celestre MD
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Ochsner Clinic Foundation
- New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Francesco Certo MD
- Neurosurgeon
- Department of Anatomy, Biology and Genetics, Legal Medicine, Neuroscience, Diagnostic Pathology,
- Hygiene and Public Health
- University of Catania
- Catania, Sicily, Italy
- Thomas D Cha MD MBA
- Spine Surgeon
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Harvard Medical School
- Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Chandhanarat Chandhanayingyong MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok, Thailand
- Gene Cheh MD
- Orthopedic Medical Director
- Gangnam Wooridul Hospital
- Seoul, South Korea
- Dennis Q Chen MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Ivan Cheng MD
- Associate Professor of
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Associate Professor of Neurosurgery (by courtesy)
- Stanford University Medical Center
- Redwood City, California, USA
- Jason Pui Yin Cheung MBBS (HK) MMedSc
- Clinical Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology
- The University of Hong Kong
- Queen Mary Hospital
- Hong Kong, China
- Kenneth MC Cheung MBBS (UK) MD (HK) FRCS FHKCOS FHKAM (Orth)
- Jessie Ho Professor in Spine Surgery
- Head, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology
- The University of Hong Kong
- Queen Mary Hospital
- Hong Kong, China
- Kazuhiro Chiba MD PhD
- Professor and Chairman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- National Defense Medical College
- Saitama, Japan
- Alex Ching MD
- Oregon Spine Care
- Portland, Oregon, USA
- Simone Colangeli
- Orthopedic Surgeon Department of Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease
- Pisana University Hospital Pisa, Italy
- Guang-Ting Cong BS
- Neurosurgeon
- Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center Department of Neurological Surgery
- Weill Cornell Medical College
- New York, USA
- Theodore Conliffe MD
- Physiatrist
- Kennedy Health System-Cherry Hill and Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Kelli L Crabtree MD
- Neurosurgeon
- Cotton O'Neil Neuro and Spine Center
- Topeka, Kansas, USA
- Geng Cui MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Institute of Orthopedics
- General Hospital of PLA
- Beijing, China
- Kirk W Dabney MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- AI Dupont Hospital for Children
- Wilmington, Delaware, USA
- Scott D Daffner MD FAOA
- Associate Professor
- Department of Orthopedics
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Elias Dakwar MD
- Neurosurgeon
- Florida Hospital Tampa and
- Tampa General Hospital
- Tampa, Florida, USA
- Romain Dayer MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Division of Pediatrics
- Orthopedics, Child and Adolescent Department
- University Hospitals of Geneva
- Geneva, Switzerland
- Nicolas Dea MD MSc FRCSC
- Spine Surgeon
- Division of Neurosurgery
- Department of Surgery
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver General Hospital
- Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vedat Deviren MD
- Professor in Clinical Orthopedics
- University of California
- San Francisco, California, USA
- John R Dimar II MD
- Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
- University of Louisville
- Norton Leatherman Spine Center
- Chief of Pediatric Orthopedics
- Norton Childrens Hospital
- Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Christian P DiPaola MD
- Spine Surgeon, Associate Professor
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation
- Department of Radiation Oncology
- UMass Memorial Medical Center
- Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Adam T Doan DC
- General Chiropractor
- Ridgewood, New York, USA
- Doniel Drazin MD MA
- Neurosurgeon
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Los Angeles, California, USA
- Michael F Duffy MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Methodist Mansfield Medical Center
- Mansfield, Texas, USA
- Mark L Dumonski MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Moses H Cone Memorial Hospital
- Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
- James T Dunlap MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Kettering Medical Center and
- Wright Patterson Medical Center
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Ohio, USA
- Henry Dunn MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- The University of California
- San Francisco Medical Center
- San Francisco, California, USA
- Marcel F Dvorak MD MBA FRCSC
- Associate Senior Medical Director
- Vancouver Acute, Vancouver General Hospital and Vancouver Coastal Health
- Professor, Department of Orthopedics
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver, Canada
- Benjamin Eachus
- Hossein Elgafy MD MCh FRCSEd FRCSC
- Professor and Chief of Spine
- Department of Orthopedics
- University of Toledo Medical Center
- Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Jesse D Ennis MD FRCPC
- Associate Clinical Instructor
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- University of British Columbia
- Victoria General Hospital
- Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Mark S Eskander MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedics
- Delaware Orthopedic Associates
- Newark, Delaware, USA
- Paul W Esposito MD
- Professor
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- University of Nebraska Medical Center
- Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Gisberto Evangelisti MD
- Medical Doctor
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Jesse L Even MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Baylor Medical Center
- Irving and Baylor Orthopedic and
- Spine Hospital
- Arlington, Texas, USA
- Natacha Falcon DO
- Physiatrist
- AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center and
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals
- Egg Harbor Township New Jersey, USA
- Taolin Fang MD PhD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Division of Plastic Surgery
- University of Mississippi Medical Center
- Jackson, Mississipi, USA
- Daniel R Fassett MD
- Associate Professor of Neurosurgery
- University of Illinois College of Medicine
- Peoria, Illinois, USA
- A Faundez MD
- Senior Staff Surgeon (Médecin Adjoint)
- In-Charge of Spine Surgery
- Orthopedic Surgery Division
- Geneva University
- Geneva, Switzerland
- Michael G Fehlings MD PhD FRCSC FACS
- Professor of Neurosurgery
- Halbert Chair in Neural Repair and Regeneration
- University of Toronto
- Toronto, Canada
- Nicholas Feinberg
- Naderafshar Fereydoonyan
- Steven J Fineberg MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Westchester Medical Center
- New York Medical College
- Valhalla, New York, USA
- Néstor Fiore MD
- Spinal Surgery
- Spanish Hospital of La Plata
- La Plata, Argentina
- Charla R Fischer MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital
- New York Presbyterian Hospital Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Westchester Division
- New York, USA
- Jeffrey S Fischgrund MD
- Chairman, Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak
- Professor and Chairman Orthopedic Surgery
- Oakland University William Beaumont
- School of Medicine
- Rochester, Michigan, USA
- Mitchell Freedman DO
- Clinical Professor
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
- Sidney Kimmel Medical School
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Tristan B Fried
- Medical Student
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Kevin Froehlich MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Avista Adventist Hospital and
- Castle Rock Adventist Hospital
- Golden, Colorado, USA
- Peter Gabos MD
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeon,
- Nemours/Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children
- Wilmington, Delaware, USA
- Robert W Gaines MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Boone Hospital Center
- Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Anne Kathleen B Ganal-Antonio MD
- General Orthopedic and
- Spine Surgeon
- Makati Medical Center
- The Medical City General Hospital
- Manila, Philippine
- Bhavuk Garg MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedics
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Alessandro Gasbarrini MD
- Head
- Department of Oncological and
- Degenerative Spine Surgery
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute
- Bologna, Italy
- Gregory Gebauer MD MS
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
- Advanced Orthopedic Center
- Port Charlotte, Florida, USA
- Alexander Geftler MD
- Spine Surgery—Orthopedic Surgeon
- Soroka Corporation
- Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Jeffrey Gehret DO
- Physiatrist
- Bryn Mawr Hospital and
- Kennedy Health System-Cherry Hill
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Riccardo Ghermandi MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Spine Surgery Prevalently Oncologic and Degenerative
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna, Italy
- George M Ghobrial MD
- Neurosurgeon
- Novant Health Forsyth Medical Center
- Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Sandeep N Gidvani MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- El Camino Hospital and Good Samaritan Hospital
- Campbell, California, USA
- Mitch Giffin MD
- Clinical Associate Professor
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
- Federico P Girardi MD
- Orthopedic Spinal Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University
- New York City, New York, USA
- Jordan Glaser MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Mount Sinai Hospital
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Maurice L Goins MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Piedmont Fayette Hospital and
- Piedmont Henry Hospital
- Fayetteville, Georgia, USA
- Tony Goldschlager PhD FRACS
- Associate Professor
- Surgery and Monash Institute of Medical Research
- Monash University
- Melbourne, Australia
- Satishchandra Gore MS FABMISS
- Spine Endoscopy and Surgery
- Mission Spine
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Carlos R Goulart MD
- League of Neurosurgery
- The Neurological Institute of Curitiba
- Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Dhruv Goyal MD
- Candidate Class of 2019
- Drexel University College of Medicine
- Ari C Greis DO
- Clinical Instructor
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Donald Griesdale MD MPH FRCPC (Anesthesia) FRCPC (Critical Care)
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
- Peter Grunert MD
- Neurosurgeon
- Swedish Medical Center-Cherry Hill
- Seattle, Washington, USA
- Munish C Gupta MD
- Chief of Pediatric and
- Adult Spinal Surgery
- Department of Orthopedics
- Washington University
- St Louis, Missouri, USA
- David Hannallah MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Mount Carmel East and
- West Hospitals and
- Mount Carmel St Ann's
- Columbus, Ohio, USA
- E Harly
- Eric Harris MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Premier Bone and Joint Centers
- Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Chambliss Harrod MD
- Attending Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
- The Spine Center
- Bone and Joint Clinic
- Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- James S Harrop MD FACS
- Professor Department of Neurological and Orthopedic Surgery
- Director, Division of Spine and
- Peripheral Nerve Surgery
- Neurosurgery Director of Delaware Valley SCI Center
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Roger Härtl MD
- Professor of Neurological Surgery
- Director of the Weill Cornell Medicine Center for
- Comprehensive Spine Care
- Director of Spinal Surgery and Neurotrauma
- Weill Cornell Medicine Brain and Spine Center
- New York City, New York, USA
- Melvin D Helgeson MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Inova Loudoun Hospital
- Instructor, Jefferson Medical College
- Abingdon, Virginia, USA
- Joshua E Heller MD
- Assistant Professor of Neurological Surgery
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery
- Division of Spine and Peripheral Nerve Disorders
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Thomas R Hickernell MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital
- New York City, New York, USA
- Fady Y Hijji MD
- Resident
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Rush University Medical Center
- Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Alan S Hilibrand MD
- Joseph and Marie Field Professor of Spinal Surgery
- Vice-Chair, Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- EnYaw Hong
- Jennifer Hope
- JC Le Huec MD PhD
- Professor, Chairman Head of Spine Unit
- Director of Surgical Research Lab
- Bordeaux University Hospital
- Bordeaux, France
- Henrik Huttunen MD
- Anesthesiologist
- Head of Slating Department Anesthesiology and
- Perioperative Medicine
- Vancouver General Hospital
- Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
- Yasuaki Imajo MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
- Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Akio Iwanami MD PhD
- Orthopedic Surgeon, Spine and Spinal Cord Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Spine Center
- Koga Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Physiology
- Keio University School of Medicine
- Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopedics Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Tokushima University Graduate School
- Tokushima, Japan
- Wilco Jacobs MD
- Neurosurgeon
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Leiden University Medical Center
- Leiden, The Netherlands
- Kang JD MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital
- Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Bernhard Jeanneret MD
- Head, Spine Surgery
- University Hospital of Basel
- Basel, Switzerland
- Benoit Jenny MD
- Neurosurgeon
- Hirslanden Private Hospital
- Geneva, Switzerland
- Thomas A St John MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Hunterdon Medical Center
- Flemington, New Jersy, USA
- J Patrick Johnson MD
- Director
- Cedars-Sinai Institute for
- Spinal Disorders
- Los Angeles, California, USA
- Abhijeet B Kadam MD
- Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon
- Pennsylvania Hospital Philadelphia, USA
- Pankaj Kandwal MS (Orthopedics)
- Associate Professor and Consultant Spine Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedics
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
- Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
- James D Kang MD
- Chairman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Brigham and Women's Hospital
- Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Rishi Mugesh Kanna MS (Ortho) MRCS (Ed) FNB (Spine Surgery)
- Associate Consultant Spine Surgeon
- Department of Spine Surgery
- Ganga Medical Center and Hospitals
- Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Mamoru Kawakami MD PhD
- Professor, Spine Care Center Wakayama Medical Hospital
- Kihoku Hospital
- Wakayama, Japan
- Noriaki Kawakami MD DMSc
- Professor and Director
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Meijo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Christopher K Kepler MD
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedics
- Rothman Institute and
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Babak Khamsi MD
- Spine Surgeon
- Haider Spine Center
- Riverside, California, USA
- David H Kim MD
- Associate Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
- Tufts University School of Medicine
- Director of Medical Education
- New England Baptist Hospital
- Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Han Jo Kim MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- New York, USA
- Jun Sup Kim MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Mount Sinai Hospital
- New York City, New York, USA
- K Tack Kim
- Chairman and Professor
- Department of Orthopedics
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul, South Korea
- Yongjung J Kim MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital
- New York City, New York, USA
- Wong Hee Kit MBBS (S'pore) MMED (Surg) FRCS (Glas) MCh (Orth) Liv FAMS
- Chair, University Orthopedics
- Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster
- National University Health System
- Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- National University of Singapore
- Kent Ridge, Singapore
- Paul Klimo Jr MD MPH
- Chief, Pediatric Neurosurgery
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital
- Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- John Koerner MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Hackensack University Medical Center
- Glen Rock, New Jersey, USA
- Murat Korkmaz MD
- Orthopedic and Traumatology Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology
- Koç University Hospital
- Istanbul, Turkey
- Kraig Kristof MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- The Toledo Clinic
- Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Jonathan Krystal MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals
- Bronx, New York, USA
- Naresh Kumar MBBS MS (Orth) DNB (Orth) FRCS Ed FRCS (Orth & Tr) DM (Orth- Univ of Nottingham)
- Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
- Director Undergraduate Education
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- Senior Consultant
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- National University Hopsital Singapore
- Priyanka Kumar
- Srinivasu Kusuma MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Ingalls Memorial Hospital
- Sacramento, California, USA
- Brian K Kwon MD FRCSC PhD
- Professor
- Department of Orthopedics
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of British Columbia
- Spine Surgeon
- Vancouver Spine Program
- Vancouver General Hospital
- Associate Director, Clinical Research
- ICORD, Director, Vancouver Spine Research Program
- Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
- Virginie Lafage PhD
- Director
- Spine Research
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- New York City, New York, USA
- Todd Lansford MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon, South Carolina
- Sports Medicine and Orthopedic Center
- Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- James P Lawrence MD MBA
- Associate Professor of Surgery
- Division of Orthopedics
- Albany Medical College
- Albany, New York, USA
- Hai LE MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Darren R Lebl MD MBA
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
- Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS)
- New York, USA
- Francis Y Lee MD PhD FAAOS
- Wayne O Southwick Professor
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation
- School of Medicine, Yale University
- New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Gyu Ho Lee
- Joon Y Lee MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Hemet Valley Medical Center and
- Menifee Valley Medical Center
- Hemet, California, USA
- Ron A Lehman MD
- Full Professor with Tenure
- Department of Orthopedic Spine
- Columbia University, New York City
- New York, USA
- Wei Lei MD PhD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Orthopedics (Research)
- Warren Alpert Medical School
- Brown University
- Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Mayan Lendner BS
- Spine Research Fellow
- Rothman Institute
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Noah DH Lewis
- Stephen J Lewis MD
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
- Toronto Western Hospital and
- Hospital for Sick Children
- Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Peter Lewkonia MD MSc FRCSC
- Clinical Assistant Professor
- Department of Surgery
- Division of Orthopedics
- University of Calgary
- Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Peng Li
- Hui Liu
- Nicola Di Lorenzo MD
- Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- University of Florence
- Florence, Italy
- Ning Lu
- Keith Dip Kei Luk MCh (Orth) FRCS (Edin) FRCS (Glas) FRACS FHKCOS FHKAM (Orth)
- Tam Sai-kit Professor in Spine Surgery
- Chair Professor and Division Chief
- Division of Spine Surgery
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong, China
- Teija Lund MD PhD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Department of Spine Surgery
- ORTON Orthopedic Hospital
- Helsinki, Finland; President
- The Internatinal Society of the Study of the Lumbar Spine (ISSLS)
- Melvin C Makhni MD
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
- Columbia Presbyterian Hospital
- New York City, New York, USA
- Kyle Malone MD
- Director of Research
- NNI Research Foundation
- Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Keya Mao MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon Department of Orthopedics Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
- Alejandro Marquez-Lara MD
- Orthopedic Resident
- Wake Forest University
- School of Medicine
- Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Jonathan R Mason MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Sentara Williamsburg Regional Medical Center
- Hampton, Virginia, USA
- Morio Matsumoto MD PhD
- Professor and Chairman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Keio University
- Tokyo, Japan
- Yukihiro Matsuyama MD
- Professor (Spine Surgery)
- Department of Orthopedics
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
- Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
- Tobias A Mattei MD FAANS FICS
- Neurosurgeon
- Neurosurgery Department
- Eastern Maine Medical Center
- Bangor, Maine, USA
- Christopher M Maulucci MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Clinical Neurosurgery
- Turlane Neuroscience Center
- Turlane, New Orleans, USA
- H Michael Mayer MD PhD
- Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Chairman, Spine Center
- Schön Klinik München Harlaching
- FIFA Medical Center of Excellence
- Academic Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg
- München, Germany
- David B McConda MD
- Orthopedic Surgery Specialist
- KentuckyOne Health
- Bardstown, Kentucky, USA
- Douglas J McDonald MD MS
- Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Washington University
- School of Medicine
- Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Jonathan McEwen MD
- Anesthesiologist Harborview Medical Center
- Seattle, Washington, USA
- James McGee MD
- Radiation Oncologist
- OSF Healthcare St Francis Medical Center
- Peoria, Illinois, USA
- Rojeh Melikian MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian and
- Hoag Orthopedic Institute
- Marina Del Rey, California, USA
- Dennis S Meredith MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Woodland Memorial Hospital
- Woodland, California, USA
- Ute Lingemann Meyer
- Anita Mikkilineni MD
- Class of 2020
- Drexel University
- College of Medicine
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Andrew H Milby MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and
- the Veteran's Administration Medical Center
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Paul W Millhouse MD
- Research Assistant
- Department of Orthopedic Research
- Rothman Institute
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Ahmed S Mohamed MD
- Director
- Egyptian Spine Clinic
- Centralia, Illinois, USA
- Corey O Montgomery MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopedics
- Associate Scientist
- University of Arkansas Medical Sciences
- Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Isaac L Moss MD MASc FRCSC
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Comprehensive Spine Center
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute
- Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Troy Mounts MD
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
- Troy Mounts INC
- Paso Robles, California, USA
- Michael S Muhlbauer MD
- Neurosurgeon
- Baptist Memorial Hospital-Memphis
- Memphis Veterans Affairs
- Medical Center
- Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Praveen Mummaneni MD
- Joan O'Reilly Professor in
- Spinal Surgery and
- Vice Chair of Neurological Surgery
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- University of California San Francisco
- San Francisco, California, USA
- Hamadi Murphy MD
- Class of 2022, Orthopedic Surgery Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
- Springfield, Illinois, USA
- Melissa Nadeau MD
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
- Vancouver General Hospital
- Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
- Sreeharsha V Nandyala MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ankur S Narain BA
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Rush University Medical Center
- Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rodrigo Navarro MD MS
- Neurosurgeon
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Weill Cornell Medical Center
- New York City, New York, USA
- Michael Negraeff
- MD FRCPC FFPMANZCA
- Clinical Associate Professor
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- David M Neils MD
- Neurosurgeon
- SSM DePaul Health Center and
- SSM St Joseph Health Center
- Saint Charles, Missouri, USA
- Venu M Nemani MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- UNC Rex Hospital and
- WakeMed Health and Hospitals
- Raleigh Campus
- Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Ngoc-Lam Nguyen MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Doctors Hospital of Sarasota and
- Sarasota Memorial Health Care System
- Sarasota, Florida, USA
- Matthew Oglesby
- Eijiro Okada MD
- Instructor
- Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery
- Department of Orthopedics
- Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
- Atsushi Okawa MD PhD
- Professor and Chairman
- Department of Orthopedic and Spinal Surgery
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Associate Director
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University Medical Hospital
- Tokyo, Japan
- FC Oner MD
- Professor
- Department of Orthopedics
- University Medical Center
- Utrecht, Turkey
- Sumihisa Orita MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Jean A Ouellet
- MD FRCSC
- Professor
- Department of Pediatric Surgery
- McGill University Division of Orthopedic Surgery
- McGill University Health Center
- Montreal, Canada
- Luca Papavero MD
- Associate Professor
- Clinic for Spine Surgery
- Schoen Klinik Hamburg Eilbek
- Hamburg, Germany
- Daniel K Park MD
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
- William Beaumont Hospital
- Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
- Alpesh A Patel MD FACS
- Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
- Director, Orthopedic Spine Surgery
- Co-Director, Northwestern Spine Center
- Northwestern University School of Medicine
- Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Shyam Ajit Patel
- Adam M Pearson MD MS
- Assistant Professor of
- Orthopedic Surgery
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
- Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Murat Pekmezci MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- University of California San Francisco Medical Center
- San Francisco, California, USA
- Paolo Perrini MD PhD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP)
- Pisa, Italy
- Erik Peterson MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Avera McKennan Hospital
- University Health Center and
- Sanford USD Medical Center
- Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Roberto Postigo MD
- Spine Surgeon
- Clínica las Condes, Spine Center
- Santiago, Chile
- Srinivas K Prasad MD MS
- Attending Neurosurgeon
- Departments of Neurological and Orthopedic Surgery
- Division of Spine and Peripheral Nerve Surgery
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Anuj Prasher MD FAAOS
- Orthopedic and Spine Surgeon
- South Florida Orthopedics and
- Sports Medicine Stuart, Florida, USA
- Inge Preissl
- Se Young Pyo
- Guillaume Raclos
- Kris Radcliff MD
- Spine Surgeon
- Associate Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- S Rajasekaran
- MS DNB FRCS (Ed) MCh (Liv)
- FACS FRCS (Eng) PhD
- Chairman
- Department of Orthopedics
- Trauma and Spine Surgery
- Ganga Hospital
- Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Parham Rasoulinejad MD
- Assistant Professor
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery
- Postgraduate Medical Education
- Schulich School of Medicine
- University of Western Ontario
- London, Ontario, Canada
- John Ratliff MD FACS
- Vice-Chair, Operations and Development
- Co-Director, Division of Spine and
- Peripheral Nerve Surgery
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Stanford University Medical Center
- Stanford, California, USA
- Saurabh Rawall
- MBBS (AIIMS) MS Ortho (AIIMS) FNB Spine Surgery
- Senior Consultant
- Spine Surgeon, Jaypee Hospital
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Jonathan Reding MD
- Neurosurgeon
- Ashley County Medical Center
- Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Ningtao Ren
- Jeremey Reynolds FRCS (Orth)
- Consultant Spinal Surgeon and
- Clinical Head for Spinal Surgery
- Oxford University Hospitals
- NHS Foundation Trust
- Oxford, UK
- John M Rhee MD
- Spinal Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Neurosurgery
- Emory University School of Medicine
- Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- K Daniel Riew MD
- Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
- Columbia University
- Chief, Cervical Spine Surgery and
- Co-Director, Spine Division
- Co-Director, Columbia University Spine Fellowship
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- The Spine Hospital
- New York-Presbyterian/The Allen Hospital
- New York City, New York, USA
- Jeffrey Rihn MD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- The Rothman Institute
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Timothy Roberts MD
- Orthopedic Spine Specialist
- Cleveland Clinic
- Bradenton, Florida, USA
- Daniel Rosenthal
- Lindsey Ross MD
- Science and Health Policy Counselor
- US Department of Health and Human Services
- Neurosurgery Resident Physician
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Los Angeles, California, USA
- David P Roye Jr MD
- St Giles Professor of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery
- Columbia University Medical Center
- Attending Physician
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital
- Director, Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery
- Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital
- Executive Director
- Weinberg Family Cerebral Palsy Center
- New York, USA
- Michael Ruff MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Koichi Sairyo MD PhD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital Mizonokuchi Takatsu-ku
- Kawasaki, Japan
- Toshinori Sakai MD PhD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery
- Tokushima University Graduate School
- Tokushima, Japan
- Amer F Samdani MD
- Neurological and Orthopedic Surgeon
- Shriners Hospitals for Children
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- James A Sanfilippo MD MBA
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon Reconstructive Orthopedics
- Chief, Combined Section of Spine Surgery
- Virtua Health
- Chair, Virtua Spine
- Center—Virtua Health
- New Jersy, USA
- Stefan Schaeren MD
- Spine Surgeon University Hospital
- Basel, Switzerland
- Justin K Scheer MD
- Neurosurgery Resident Physician
- University of Illinois
- Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Klaus John Schnake MD
- Center for Spine and Scoliosis Surgery
- Schön Klinik Nürnberg Fürth
- Europa-Allee 1
- Fürth, Germany
- Gregory D Schroeder MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Alexander J Schupper BA
- Class of 2019
- University of California
- San Diego School of Medicine
- Frank Schwab MD
- Chief of Spine Service
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- New York, USA
- Julieanne Sees DO
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Children's Health System
- Wilmington, Delaware, USA
- Atsushi Seichi MD
- Director
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Mitsui Memorial Hospital
- Tokyo, Japan
- Anthony K Sestokas
- PhD DABNM FASNM
- Chief Clinical Officer Intraoperative Neuromonitoring
- SpecialtyCare
- Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Eiman Shafa MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Hunterdon Medical Center
- Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Christopher I Shaffrey MD
- Spinal Surgeon
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Suken A Shah MD
- Division Chief of the Spine and Scoliosis Center
- Clinical Fellowship Director
- and Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeon
- Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children
- Wilmington, Delaware, USA
- Alok D Sharan MD MHCDS
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
- Co-Director, Westmed Spine Center
- Yonkers, New York, USA
- Francis H Shen MD
- Warren G Stamp Endowed Professor
- Spine Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- T Ajoy Prasad Shetty MS DNB
- Consultant Orthopedic and
- Spine Surgeon
- Ganga Hospital
- Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Lei Shi MD
- Neurologist
- Kaiser Permanente Woodland Hills Medical Center
- Woodland Hills, California, USA
- Adam L Shimer MD
- Associate Professor
- Fellowship Director—Spine
- Surgery Medical Director
- Orthopedic Inpatient Unit
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Francesco Signorelli
- Neurosurgeon and Associate Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- University Hospital of Catanzaro Catanzaro, Italy
- Andrew K Simpson MD
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
- Texas Health Resources
- Dallas, Texas, USA
- Kern Singh MD
- Associate Professor
- Co-Director, Minimally Invasive Spine Institute
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Rush University Medical Center
- Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Manish Singh
- Anuj Singla MD
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedics
- University of Virginia Health System
- Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Anupam Sinha DO
- Clinical Assistant Professor
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- David L Skaggs MD MMM
- Professor and
- Chief of Orthopedic Surgery
- Children's Hospital, Los Angeles
- University of Southern California
- Keck School of Medicine
- Endowed Chair of Pediatric
- Spinal Disorders
- Los Angeles, California, USA
- Harvey E Smith MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Justin S Smith MD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Micah Smith MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Lutheran Hospital of Indiana
- Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA
- William Smith
- Agnita Stadhouder MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- University Medical Center
- Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Michael P Stauff MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation
- University of Massachusetts
- Medical School
- Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Christie Stawicki BS
- Research Fellow
- Spine Division
- Rothman Institute of Orthopedics
- Chestnut, Philadelphia, USA
- John Street
- MD PhD FRCS (Tr & Orth)
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopedics
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Brian W Su MD
- Spine Surgeon, Medical Director,
- Spine Surgery
- Marin General Hospital, Marin
- Surgeon-in-Chief, California Orthopedics and Spine
- Larkspur, California, USA
- Daniel Sucato MD MS
- Chief of Staff
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital
- Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- University of Texas at Southwestern
- Medical Center
- Dallas, Texas, USA
- Ganesh Swamy MD FRCSC
- Clinical Lecturer
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery
- Alberta Spine Foundation
- Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Toshihiko Taguchi MD PhD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery
- Yamaguchi University
- Yamaguchi, Japan
- Kazuhisa Takahashi MD PhD
- Former Professor and Chairman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- William Tally MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Athens Regional Medical Center and
- St Mary's Health Care System
- Athens, Georgia, USA
- Mark Tantorski DO
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Penn Medicine Chester County Hospital
- West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
- Daniel Tarazona MD
- Class of 2016, Orthopedic Surgery
- NYU Winthrop Hospital
- Mineola, New York, USA
- Andrew Tarleton MD
- Spine Specialist
- Orlin and Cohen Orthopedic Group
- New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Bobby Tay MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- University of California
- San Francisco Medical Center
- San Francisco, California, USA
- Sonia Teufack MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Kenneth Thomas MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Alaska Regional Hospital and
- Providence Alaska Medical Center
- Anchorage, Alaska, USA
- Andrea Townson
- MD FRCPC MScHPEd
- Clinical Professor
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- University of British Columbia
- GF Strong Rehab Center
- Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Takashi Tsuji MD PhD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Fujita Health University
- Aichi, Japan
- Ashish Upadhyay MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedics
- Bristol Hospital, Connecticut, USA
- Alexander R Vaccaro
- MD PhD MBA
- Richard H Rothman Professor and Chairman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Professor of Neurosurgery
- Co-Chief of Spine Surgery Sidney Kimmel
- Medical Center at Thomas
- Jefferson University
- Co-Director, Delaware Valley Spinal Cord Injury Center
- President, Rothman Institute
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Peter Paul Varga MD
- Director General
- The National Center for Spinal Disorders
- Buda Health Center
- Budapest, Hungary
- Kushagra Verma MD MS
- Assistant Clinical Professor
- Division of Spine and Scoliosis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- University of Washington
- Seattle, Washington, USA
- Luiz R Vialle MD PhD
- Professor of Orthopedics
- School of Medicine, Spine Unit
- Cajuru University Hospital and
- Marcelino Champagnat Hospital
- Director, Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank
- Pontifical Catholic University of
- Paraná State, Curitiba, Brazil
- Richard W Vogel MD
- Neurophysiologist
- Safe Passage Neuromonitoring
- New York City, New York, USA
- John Vorhies MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford and
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center
- Palo Alto, California, USA
- Rishi Wadhwa MD
- Assistant Clinical Professor
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- University of California San Francisco
- San Francisco, California, USA
- Jeffrey C Wang MD
- Chief of Orthopedic Spine Service and
- Co-Director of the USC Spine Center
- Professor of Orthopedic Surgery and Neurosurgery
- Keck Medicine of USC
- Los Angeles, California, USA
- Michael Y Wang MD FACS
- Professor
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and Rehab Medicine
- University of Miami Miller
- School of Medicine
- Miani, Florida, USA
- Shelly Wang
- Yan Wang MD
- Professor and Chief Surgeon
- 301 Spine Center, Beijing
- President, Chinese Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (CAOS)
- Chairman, Chinese Spine Society
- Deputy-Editor, SPINE Journal
- (Wolters Kluwer)
- Chinese PLA General Hospital (301 Hospital), Beijing, China
- You Wang
- Kota Watanabe MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
- Terrence Waters
- Mark Weidenbaum MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital and
- Nyack Hospital New York City, New York, USA
- Brian C Werner MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Andrew P White MD
- Chief, Spine Surgery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
- Harvard Medical School
- Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Hans-Joachim Wilke MD
- Professor and Associate Director
- Mechanical Engineer Group Head of Spine Biomechanics
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University
- Ulm, Germany
- Rhonda Willms MD
- Clinical Instructor
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Department of Medicine
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
- Jefferson R Wilson MD FRCSC PhD
- Neurosurgeon
- St Michael's Hospital
- Toronto, Canada
- Yabo Yan
- Jin S Yeom MD PhD
- Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
- Seoul, South Korea
- Toshitaka Yoshii MD PhD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Graduate School
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Tokyo, Japan
- Lyle C Young MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Magdy Gamal Youssef MD
- Professor
- Department of Spine Surgery
- Ain-Shams University
- Cairo, Egypt
- Steven Zeiller MD
- Spine Surgeon
- Tucson Orthopedic Institute
- Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Xuesong Zhang MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Department of Orthopedics
- General Hospital of People's Liberation Army
- Beijing, China
- Guoquan Zheng MD
- Associate professor
- Department of Orthopedics
- The General Hospital of Chinese PLA
- Beijing, China
- Jack E Zigler MD
- Medical Director
- Texas Back Institute
- Plano, Texas, USA
- Micaella Zubkov BS
- Research Assistant
- Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Weill Cornell Medical College
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital
- New York City, New York, USA
Alexander R Vaccaro graduated Summa Cum Laude from Boston College and received his medical degree from Georgetown University School of Medicine. He completed his internship at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, orthopedic surgery residency at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, and a spine fellowship at the University of San Diego, California, USA. He earned a PhD in spinal trauma and an MBA at the Fox School of Business at Temple University in Philadelphia. He is Chairman of Orthopedic Surgery and Professor of Neurosurgery at the Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University. He is the past president of the American Spinal Injury Association and the Association for Collaborative Spine Research. Dr Vaccaro is Editor-in-Chief of Clinical Spine Surgery and is the Co-Director of the Regional Spinal Cord Injury Center of the Delaware Valley and Co-Chief of Spine Surgery and the spine fellowship program at the Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Brian W Su graduated Tau Beta Pi from Duke University's School of Engineering with a degree in both biomedical and electrical engineering. He received his medical degree from Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons. Dr Su completed orthopedic surgery residency at Columbia University's New York Orthopedic Hospital-New York Presbyterian Hospital and an orthopedic and neurosurgical spine fellowship at the Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. He serves as Medical Director of Spine Surgery at Marin General Hospital and Surgeon-in-Chief of California Orthopedics and Spine, Larkspur, California, USA. Dr Su is a founding member of the nation's first undergraduate research journal and was one of the youngest scientists to be principal investigator on a grant from the National Science Foundation. He is a reviewer for Spine, Clinical Spine Surgery, and the Global Spine Journal and serves on committees for the Cervical Spine Research Society and North American Spine Society.
Kazuhiro Chiba graduated from the Keio University School of Medicine in Tokyo, Japan in 1983 and completed his residency and spine fellowship at the department of orthopedic surgery, Keio University, and affiliated hospitals. After earning a PhD, he became a postdoctoral fellow at the departments of orthopedic surgery and biochemistry at Rush Medical College in Chicago in 1994 and a year later, was appointed as a visiting Assistant Professor. He returned to Keio University in 1997 and was appointed as an Assistant Professor in 1999, Associate Professor in 2004, and Chairman in 2009. In 2013, he became Associate Director and Clinical Professor at Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital. He is currently Professor and Chairman of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College in Saitama, Japan. His specialty includes degenerative conditions in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. He also has expertise in basic science including biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics of the intervertebral disc.
Marcel F Dvorak completed two years of an undergraduate degree at the University of Toronto and received his medical degree from the University of Ottawa. He completed an orthopedic residency at the University of British Columbia. Dr Dvorak is an Orthopedic Spine Surgeon at Vancouver General Hospital and a full time Professor of Orthopedics at the University of British Columbia. His surgical specialty is in the areas of adult spine deformity surgery, spinal trauma and spinal cord injury. He holds the Cordula and Gunter Paetzold Chair of Clinical Spinal Cord Injury Research and was the Scientific Director of the Rick Hansen Institute and Division Head of Spine at University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital. In January 2017, Dr Dvorak completed his EMBA at the Ivey School of Business at Western University and he is currently the Associate Senior Medical Director at Vancouver Acute, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
H Michael Mayer graduated from Medical School at Johannes–Gutenberg–University in Mainz, Germany and earned his MD degree ‘magna cum laude’ in the same year. He completed his neurosurgical training at Free University of Berlin where he became a board certified neurosurgeon and then completed orthopedic training to become a board certified orthopedic surgeon in 1994. He also earned a PhD in neurosurgery and became Senior Lecturer and Assistant Professor at the Free University of Berlin. Since 1998, he has been the Head of the Spine Center at Schoen Klinik Muenchen Harlaching and since 2005, Honorary Professor of Neurosurgery at the Paracelsus Medical School Salzburg, Austria. In 2006, he became President of the EuroSpine, The Spine Society of Europe, as well as the founding president of the German Spine Society. He is an honorary member of the South African Spine Society and is currently Deputy Editor of the Global Spine Journal. His surgical focus is on minimally invasive surgery, spine arthroplasty and spine problems in high-level athletes.
S Rajasekaran is Chairman of the Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Spine Surgery, at the Ganga Hospital in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. He is the current President of SICOT, President of CSRS-AP, and Chair of the International Research Commission, AOSpine. He has previously served as President of the International Society of the Study of Lumbar Spine, Association of Spine Surgeons of India, Indian Orthopaedic Association and World Orthopedic Concern. He was the Hunterian Professor of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 2012. His research interests relate to disc biology and nutrition, genetic and proteomic analysis of disc degeneration imaging of spinal cord injuries. He has won the prestigious ISSLS prize for spine research four times and the ‘EuroSpine open paper award’ in 2008.
Luiz R Vialle received his medical degree from the Pontifical Catholic University of the Paraná State, in Curitiba, Brazil. His orthopedic residency and spine training was completed at the Santa Casa Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil and Italian Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina. He completed his master's degree and PhD at the Federal University of Parana. He was the founder and past president of the Brazilian Spine Society and past president of AOSpine International. He is a Spine Surgeon in Curitiba, Professor of Orthopedics at the School of Medicine, Head of the Spine Unit of the University Hospitals, and Director of the Bone Section of the Human Tissue Bank, all from Pontifical Catholic University. His specialties include trauma, adult deformity and degenerative conditions.
Yan Wang graduated from The Second Military Medical University in Shanghai and earned his medical degree at the Chinese PLA Medical School in Beijing. He completed his internship and orthopedic surgery residency at the Chinese PLA General Hospital (301 Hospital) in Beijing, China. He is the Chief Surgeon of the 301 Orthopedic Hospital. Dr Wang is President of the Chinese Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, Chairman of the Chinese Spine Society, and Deputy Editor of Spine Journal. He is the national representative for the Scoliosis Research Society and an active member of the North American Spine Society and the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons. Dr Wang is also the past president of the Chinese Orthopedic Association.
Magdy Gamal Youssef received his medical degree from Ain-Shams University Hospital in Cairo, Egypt. Ain-Shams is one of the highest ranked universities in the Middle East. He completed his orthopedic residency and spine surgery training at Ain-Shams University. He also received a master's and medical degree in spine surgery and became a Lecturer in the Orthopedic Department at Ain-Shams University. Dr Youssef completed a spine fellowship at Nottingham Spine Center with a focus on spinal deformities. He is currently Professor of Spine Surgery at Ain-Shams University and is the Head of the Spine Unit at the International Medical Center. He is a member of many spine societies; the North American Spine Society, EuroSpine, SMISS and AOSpine. His areas of interest include transforaminal endoscopic spine surgery, deformities, and degenerative spine conditions.
Foreword
It is refreshing in this time of ever faster electronic flowing of information, to see some people still take the time to sit back, relax and reflect about what keeps us all professionally busy.
This new two-volume book on Spine Surgery is to be recommended for bringing a true ‘evidence-based state of the art’ on a vast array of spine topics. It feels like reading a succession of well thought about review articles.
Not only is it a multidisciplinary work bringing together respected professionals from all walks of life, but it was written by leading clinicians and scientists from around the globe, giving it a world-class standing. Evidence-based research is fine and necessary, yet, if not placed in the appropriate clinical context, can be ineffectual and sometimes harmful if misapplied.
These volumes should be found on the desk of all those who are involved regularly with matters related to the spine, be it clinically or in research.
Robert Gunzburg MD PhD
Editor-in-Chief
European Spine Journal
Preface
In no other field of medicine does the statement “There is more than one way to skin a cat”, apply more than to spinal surgery. Subtle differences in outcome are often seen when comparing direction of surgical approach, choice of surgical implant, and nonoperative versus operative care. Interestingly, variation in treatment has been often geographical. One example is the differences in surgical treatment of cervical myelopathy in Europe, Asia, and North America where surgeons argue for the merits between laminoplasty versus laminectomy and fusion. Our goal was to assemble a worldwide team of authors with the intent of emphasizing the most diverse but evidence supported methodologies for treating spinal pathology. When possible, an author from North America was paired with an author from another continent. The 135-chapter evidence-based text was then edited by the nine spine surgeons representing Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, Germany, India, Japan, and the United States. Whether someone is a trainee or an expert spine surgeon, our hope is that this international textbook of spinal surgery is a glimpse into how the rest of the world is effectively caring for their patients.
Alexander R Vaccaro
Brian W Su
Kazuhiro Chiba
Marcel F Dvorak
H Michael Mayer
S Rajasekaran
Luiz R Vialle
Yan Wang
Magdy Gamal Youssef
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director), Ms Chetna Malhotra Vohra (Associate Director–Content Strategy), and the production team of Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for their cooperation in publishing this book.