Handbook of Pharmacology for Nursing Students Keshab Raj Paudel
INDEX
A
Abstinence 141
Abuse liability 186
Acarbose 132
Acetylcholine 17
Acid
nalidixic 33
nicotinic 57
Acyclovir 34
Adrenaline 59
Agents
antimicrobial 33
general anesthetic 176
local anesthetic 173
oxidizing 24, 51
Alcohol 87
Aldehyde 51
Allopurinol 66
Alprazolam 178
Amikacin 47
Aminoglycosides 33
Aminophylline 72
Amiodarone 112
Amitriptyline 180
Amoxicillin 145
Amphetamine 170
Amphotericin B 66
Ampicillin 42
Antacids 17
Antagonist
5-HT3 156
angiotensin 101
Anthelmintics 161
Antibiotics 24
β-lactam 33
broad spectrum 34
classification 33
narrow spectrum 34
Antidepressants 24
Antiemetic 86
Antihistaminics
H1 156
H2 154
Antiprotozoal 34
Antiseptics 50
Artemisinin 65
Aspirin 17
Atenolol 100
Atovaquone 64
Atropine 3, 53
Atropine methonitrate 168
Atypical
antidepressants 180
neuroleptics 182
Azapirone 179
B
Bactericidal 34
Bacteriostatic 34
Barbiturates 178
Benzalkonium chloride 52
Benzocaine 173
Benzodiazepines 177
Benzyl benzoate 52
Betamethasone 133
Bisacodyl 158
Bisoprolol 108
Blockers
α-adrenergic 101
β-adrenergic 100
calcium channel 100
Na++ channel 113
Bronchodilators 77
Bupivacaine 173
Buspirone 178
Butyrophenones 182
C
cAMP 71
Captopril 100
Carbamates 166
Carbamazepine 25
Carbaryl 166
Carbimazole 136
Cardiac glycoside 108
Celecoxib 89
Cephalosporins 44
Chemotherapy 1
Chloramphenicol 4
Chlordiazepoxide 178
Chlorhexidine 51
Chlorine dioxide 51
Chlorophores 51
Chloroquine 14
Chlorpromazine 2
Chlorpropamide 132
Cholinesterase 17
Cinnarizine 85
Ciprofloxacin 40
Clarithromycin 49
Clorgyline 180
Clozapine 182
Cocaine 172
Codeine 27, 28
Colchicine 94
Colloidal bismuth subcitrate 155
Contraception
barrier method 141
cervical cap 141
cervical diaphragm 141
condoms (male and female) 141
copper T 143
hormonal 143
IUD (intrauterine device) 143
lactation amenorrhea method 141
oral (combine, phasic, mini, postcoital/emergency) pills 144
outer course 141
spermicidal 141
Corticosteroids 74
Cortisone 93
Cresol 51
Crotamiton 52
Cyclizine 86
Cyclooxygenase 17
Cycloserin 33
Cyclosporine 93
D
Dapsone 196
Derivatives
nitrobenzene 33
polyene 33
Desflurane 177
Desipramine 180
Dexamethasone 133
Dextropropoxyphene 184
Diacetylmorphine (heroin) 184
Diaminopyrimidine 33
Diatriazoate 137
Diazepam 95
Diclofenac 89
Dicyclomine 164
Digoxin 14
Diloxanide furoate 159
Diltiazem 200
Dimenhydrinate 86
Disinfectants 50
Dissociative anesthesia 177
Diuretics 100
Dobutamine 108
Dopamine 204
Doxycycline 147
D-penicillamine 92
Drug
abuse 157
adrenergic 170
antiadrenergic 170
antianginal 104
antiarrhythmic 111
anticholinergic 168
antiepileptic 184
antifungal 189
anti H. pylori 155
antimalarial 64
antitubercular 75
antiviral 193
brand name 2
chemical name 1
cholinergic 166
definition 9
dependence 105
disease modifying 92
generic name 2
nomenclature 1
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory 89
routes of administration 7
ulcer healing 155
used in peptic ulcer 154
Dyflos 166
E
Ectoparasiticides 52
Enalapril 100
Enflurane 165
Enprostil 154
Erythromycin 49, 165
Esmolol 115
Ethambutol (E) 79
Ether 177
Ethionamide 80
Ethosuximide 184
Ethyl alcohol 17
Etidocaine 173
Etomidate 177
F
Famotidine 83
Fentanyl 177
Flumazenil 178
Fluoroquinolones 40
Fluoxetine 180
Food/drug poisoning 158
Formaldehyde 50
Furosemide 203
G
Gametocides 64
Gentamicin 25
Germicide 51
Glibenclamide 132
Glicazide 132
Glimepiride 132
Glipizide 132
Glutaraldehyde 51
Glyceryl trinitrate 106
Gold 92
Granisetron 156
H
Halofantrine 64
Haloperidol 123
Halothane 165
Hydrochlorothiazide 100
Hydrocortisone 73
Hydrogen peroxide 51
Hydroxyzine 85
Hyoscine 156
Hypnotic 177
I
Ibuprofen 28
Idiosyncrasy 2
Imidazole derivatives 33
Imipramine 18
Immunosuppressants 93
Indomethacin 17
Inhibitors
α-glucosidase 132
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 100
anion 136
cell wall synthesis 33
DNA gyrase 34
DNA synthesis 34
NA + 5-HT reuptake 180
predominantly NA reuptake 180
proton pump 154
selective serotonin reuptake 180
Inotropes 108
Insulin 130
analogues 131
aspart 131
detemir 131
glargine 131
glulisine 131
isophane 131
lispro 131
NPH (neutral protamine hagedron) 131
protamine zinc 131
regular (soluble) 131
ultralente 131
zinc suspension or lente 131
Iodides of Na and K 137
Iodine 137
Iodophores 51
Iohexol 137
Ipratropium bromide 72
Isoflurane 177
Isoniazide 79
Isoprenaline 112
Isopropyl alcohol 51
Isosorbide dinitrate 105
Ispaghula husk 157
Itraconazole 192
Ivermectin 164
K
Kanamycin 47
Ketamine 177
Ketoconazole 191
Ketorolac 89
L
Lactulose 158
Lansoprazole 155
Lidocaine/lignocaine 174
Lindane (gamma benzene hexachloride, BHC) 52
Liothyronine (T3) 136
Liotrix 136
Liquid paraffin 158
Lorazepam 177
Losartan 100
L-thyroxine (T4) 136
Lugol's iodine (5% iodine in 10% KI) 137
M
Macrolides 4
Malathion 166
Mebendazole 161
Mefloquine 64
Mepacrine 64
Mepivacaine 173
Mercurial antiseptics 51
Mercurochrome 51
Metformin 132
Methacholine 166
Methadone 184
Methamphetamine 170
Methimazole 136
Methotrexate 165
Methylcellulose 157
Methylprednisolone 208
Methylxanthines 73
Metoclopramide 22
Metoprolol 105
Metronidazole 148
Mexiletine 25
Mg salts—MgSO4 and Mg(OH)2 158
Miconazole 191
Midazolam 177
Miglitol 132
Moclobemide 180
Morphine 184
N
Naproxen 89
Na+ salts—Sulfate and phosphate 158
Nateglinide 132
Natural opium alkaloids 184
Neostigmine 17
Neuroleptics 156
Niclosamide 34
Nifedipine 100
Nitrates 104
Nitroimidazole 33
Nitromersol 51
Nitrous oxide 177
Norfloxacin 120
O
Olanzapine 182
Omeprazole 26
Opiates 184
Opioid analgesics 184
Oxazepam 178
Oxytetracycline 33
P
Pantoprazole 154
Paracetamol 165
Paramethasone 133
Parathion 166
Penicillin G 34
Penicillins 33
Perchlorates (ClO–4) 136
Permethrin 52
Pertechnetate (TcO–4) 136
Pethidine 19
Pharmacodynamics
affinity 17
chemical action 17
enzymes 17
intrinsic activity 18
physical action 17
receptor 17
Pharmacogenetics 2
Pharmacokinetics
absorption 13
bioavailability 13
bioequivalent 14
biologically inequivalent 14
biotransformation 15
blood brain barrier 29
distribution 16
excretion 16
kinetics of elimination 16
metabolism 22
oral route 52
parenteral routes 9
topical route 8, 13, 52
Pharmacology 133
Pharmacotherapeutics 1
Pharmacovigilance 2
Pharmacy 1
Phenobarbitone 25
Phenolphthalein 158
Phenols 50
Phenothiazines 182
Phentolamine 101
Phenytoin 183
Physostigmine 17
Pilocarpine 166
Pioglitazone 132
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 158
Polymixin 4
Potassium permanganate 6
Povidone iodine 51
Pralidoxime 167
Prazosin 101
Prednisolone 208
Prescription writing
abbreviations 9
components 11
definition 9
example 11
inscription 11
signature 11
subscription 11
superscription 11
Prilocaine 173, 174
Primaquine 35
Principles of antimicrobial chemotherapy 35
Probenecid 94
Procainamide 111
Procaine 147
Proguanil 64
Promethazine 156
Propofol 177
Propoxur 166
Propranolol 179
Propylthiouracil 136
Prostaglandin analogs 154
Purgative 157
Pyrazinamide (Z) 78
Pyrentel pamoate 161
Pyrimethamine 33
Q
Quinolones 36
R
Radioactive iodine (131I) 137
Ranitidine 83
Reaction
Jarisch-Herxheimer 43
phase I 15
phase II 15
Receptors
adrenergic 100
cholinergic 163, 180
muscarinic 73, 167
nicotinic 95
Repaglinide 132
Reversible inhibitors of MAO-A (RIMS) 180
Rifampin (R) 82
Risperidone 182
Rofecoxib 89
Rosiglitazone 132
Roxatidine 154
S
Salmeterol 170
Schizonticides 64
Sedatives 177
antihistaminic 179
Semisynthetic opiates 184
Senna 158
Sertraline 180
Sevoflurane 177
Silver nitrate 51
Sodium valproate 180
Sotalol 112
Spironolactone 100
Sterilization 142
Streptomycin (S) 82
Sucralfate 155
Sulfadiazine 33
Sulfasalazine 36
Sulfinpyrazone 94
Sulfonamides 36
Sulfonylureas 132
Superinfections 34
Sympathomimetics 73
Synthetic opioids 184
T
Terbutaline 72
Tetracaine 173
Tetracycline 46
Theophylline 24
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) 24
Thiacetazone 79
Thiazolidinediones 132
Thiocyanates (SCN–) 136
Thiopentone sodium 177
Thiothixene 182
Thioxanthenes 182
Tincture iodine 51
Tinidazole 149
Tiotropium bromide 168
Tolbutamide 37
Toxicology 1
Tramadol 184
Trazodone 180
Triamcinolone 133
Triclosan 51
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) 180
Trimethoprim 33
V
Valdecoxib 89
Valsartan 100
Vancomycin 25
Venlafaxine 180
Verapamil 114
W
WHO-ORS formula 160
Z
Zidovudine 148
Zinc-calamine lotion 51
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Handbook of Pharmacology for Nursing Students
Handbook of Pharmacology for Nursing Students
Keshab Raj Paudel MD Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital Kathmandu, Nepal
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Handbook of Pharmacology for Nursing Students
First Edition: 2014
9789351523536
Printed at
Preface
Handbook of Pharmacology for Nursing Students has been designed for Bachelor of Science in Nursing incorporating different curricula under different universities as far as possible so that students can get every topic in this book itself and they don't have to wander for other books in the library or book stores. Another care that has been considered while preparing this book, is to make the contents as much as condensed and informative. So both students and teachers can have the review of the contents in short time to memorize the important information.
Different chapters have been presented in brief with adequate information required for the course. Hopefully, this will enable the students to avoid overloaded information, yet without missing much needed information in pharmacology subject. The concept of this book came because of many subjects which have to be learnt in short time for the students. So reading more textual or contextual book necessitates more dedicated time, concentration and analysis than reading concise and informative books for undergraduates. This is the first endeavor to have the pharmacology book in this kind of format for the students. So, all the valued readers, students and teachers are most welcome for their genuine comments and constructive criticisms for the betterment of this book in the upcoming editions.
You are kindly requested to drop any kind of comments or suggestions for Handbook of Pharmacology for Nursing Students at keshabpaudel@gmail.com.
Keshab Raj Paudel
Acknowledgments
I wish to express my high regard for those authors, editors, persons and publishers whose book/work/articles I consulted during the time of manuscript preparation, without which preparation of this book would not have been possible. So, I want to express my heartfelt sincere respect to all who have contributed to the field of pharmacology and helped to modernize and update science of drugs in this modern era.
I am grateful to Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Group President) and Mr Tarun Duneja (Director-Publishing) of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for publishing this book.
I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to Mr Amit Khadka, Mr Suman Samanta, Mr S Hazra and to the staff of Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Limited for their continuous support to the publication of this book. Besides, I want to express my deep appreciation and gratitude to Mrs Shilpi Dutta of Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Limited for her copy-editing and timely communication during the publication process. Finally, I am grateful to my wife for her continuous support and encouragement for the manuscript preparation.