Handbook on Falciparum Malaria Anupam Sachdeva, Nita Radhakrishnan, Manas Kalra
INDEX
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWYZ
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure and t refer to table
A
Abnormal
bleeding 111
spontaneous bleeding 34
Accelerated destruction of nonparasitized red blood cells 30
Acidosis 63, 111
Acidotic breathing 34, 111
Acute
hepatitis
A and E 89
B or C 89
kidney injury 62, 63
lung injury 94
malaria attacks 22
pulmonary edema 98f, 116
renal failure 28, 62, 178
respiratory distress syndrome 31, 63, 95, 111, 116, 139, 178
tubular necrosis 29
Adenosine triphosphate 66
Advantages of thick and thin film 143t
Albumin infusion 72
Algid malaria 111
Amodiaquine 187, 188
Anemia 68, 79
Annual parasite incidence 5, 200
Anopheles
funestus 215
gambiae 215, 216
mosquito 26
Antigen
detection 135
ELISA 136
enzyme linked immunoassay 135
Antimalarial drugs 70, 73, 214
APACHE II score 106
Artelinic acid 185
Artemether 42, 181, 187
Artemisinin
based combination therapy 43, 180, 185
combination therapy 173t
derivative 115, 180
Artemotil 185
Artesunate 42, 114, 115, 180, 187, 187t, 188t
Atovaquone 188, 219
Automated blood cell analysers 153
B
Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis 216
Behavior change communication 203, 211
Benzothiocarboxypurine 149
Berlin definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome 97t
Blackwater fever 29, 82
Blantyre coma scale 28t, 40t
Blood
borne transmission 11
glucose 32
schizonticides 219
urea 32
and serum creatinine 88
Bone marrow dysfunctions 30
C
Capillary blood collection 160
Cardiovascular system 103
Causes of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome 106
Central venous pressure 71
Cerebral
malaria 27, 37, 40, 41t, 63, 68, 98f, 116, 139
spinal fluid 39
Chemoprophylaxis 115, 219
Chikungunya 200
Chloroquine 115, 188, 219, 221, 223
sensitive malaria 172t
Chondroitin sulfate A 19
Chronic kidney disease 69
Circulatory collapse 32, 34, 111, 124
Circumsporozoite protein 194
Clindamycin 115
Coma 116
Complicated malaria 27
Complications of malaria 124
Concomitant viral hepatitis 30
Congenital
infection 113, 114
malaria 11, 156
Continuous positive airway pressure 97
Control of malaria epidemics 208
Controlled
low endemicity malaria 190
non-endemic malaria 190
Corneal reflexes 32
Correction of hypoglycemia 55
Cytomegalovirus 89
D
Deep breathing 34
Definition of hypoglycemia 47
Delivery system 192
Dengue 200
hemorrhagic fever 89
Diagnosis of
imported malaria 157
malaria in pregnancy 156
Diagnostic methods of falciparum malaria 141
Dialysis 72
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane 200
Dihydroartemisinin 185
Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis 214
Disseminated intravascular
coagulation 31, 178
coagulopathy 111
District vector borne disease consultants 210
Dominate Plasmodium vivax 183
Dopamine challenge 72
Doxycycline 219, 221
Drawbacks of thick and thin film 144t
Drug
induced hemolysis 86
reaction 89
E
Electroencephalogram 89
Electrolyte abnormality 69
Enlarged spleen 27
Enlargement of liver 27
Enzyme
immunoassay 134
linked immunosorbent assay 137, 160
Epidemiology of
jaundice in malaria 85
transfusion-transmitted P. falciparum malaria 132
Erythrocytic cycle 17
F
Falciparum malaria 33, 34, 62, 97f, 141, 155, 159
in adults 33
in children 120
in pregnancy 108
Fascioliasis 89
Fetal growth restriction 113
Field's stain 143, 144
Filariasis 200
Flow cytometers 153
Fluorescent microscopy 149
Formulation of artesunate 188
Fraction of inspired oxygen 97
Fulminant liver failure 30
Functioning of national vector borne disease control programme 201
G
Gastrointestinal bleeding 42
Giemsa stain 143
Gluconeogenesis 49
in infectious disease 53
Glucose
metabolism in malaria 50
production and
uptake in infectious disease 51
utilization 48
Glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase deficiency 124, 175, 222
Glutamate-rich protein 196
Glycogenolysis in infectious disease 53
H
Hematologic system 103
Hematological manifestations of malaria 79
Hemoglobin polymorphisms 23
Hemoglobinuria 34, 35, 111, 178
Hemolysis
in malaria 86
of nonparasitized RBCs 86
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 83
Henry's melanin flocculation test 160
Hepatic
dysfunction 30, 86
failure 124
system 103
Histidine rich protein 2, 135
HIV coinfection 112
Hybrid test formats 165
Hyperinsulinemia 29
Hyperlactatemia 35, 111
Hyperparasitemia 30, 32, 35, 111, 178
Hyperpyrexia 30, 116, 178
Hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly syndrome 83
Hypnozoiticide 219
Hypoglycemia 29, 35, 46, 111, 116, 178
Hypotension 30
Hypovolemic shock 178
I
Immunofluorescence assay 159
Impaired
consciousness 111
marrow response 81
Incubation period 26, 34, 133
Indirect fluorescent antibody testing 137
Indoor residual spray 200, 203
Induction of fever 20
Infected red blood cell 19
Insecticide treated
bed nets 203
nets 215
Integrated
Disease Surveillance Project 202
management of neonatal and childhood illnesses 203
vector management 203, 209
Intersectoral collaboration 203, 211
Intravascular hemolysis 86
of parasitized erythrocytes 30
of parasitized RBCs 86
Intravenous dextrose administration 56
J
Janani Suraksha Yojana 203
Japanese encephalitis 200
Jaundice 30, 63, 68, 111
K
Kala-azar 200
Kupffer cells 89
L
Laser desorption mass spectrometry 155
Leishman stain 143, 144, 146
Leptospirosis 89
Life cycle of malaria 8, 8f, 128f
Light
emitting diode 150
microscopy 135
Long-lasting insecticidal nets 190, 214, 215
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification 154
Low-birth-weight 113
Lumefantrine 187
M
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy 50
Malaria 2, 26
associated acute kidney injury 64, 66
control strategies 203
cultivation 152
endemic countries in
eastern hemisphere 2f
western hemisphere 3f
epidemics 207
induced hypoglycemia 30
parasite 20, 21f, 63
on peripheral blood smear 122f
rapid diagnostic tests 135
technical supervisors 210
vaccines 190, 192
Malarial
hemoglobinuria 82
hepatitis 85, 86, 91
hepatopathy 90t
Management of
infection including pneumonia 70
severe malaria cases 207
Manifestation of malaria 31
in pediatric population 121
Maternal
anemia 113
death 113
mortality 114
Mature pigmented parasites 32
Mefloquine 115, 187, 219, 220, 223
Merozoite surface protein 196
Metabolic acidosis 29, 35, 116, 178
Metabolism of drug 188
Mild jaundice 27
Miscarriage 113
Mixed infection 183
Molecular
methods 153
tests 135
Mosquito
bite prevention 219
repellents 217
vector control 214, 215
Multiorgan dysfunction
score 106
syndrome 102
in malaria 102
Multiple convulsions 34, 111
N
National
Anti-malaria Programme 5, 200
Institute of
Communicable Diseases 201
Malaria Research 201
Malaria
Control Program 4, 200
Eradication Program 4, 200
Rural Health Mission 200
Vector Borne Disease Control Programme 5, 79, 200, 201, 210
Nitric oxide 67
synthase 65
Nonartemisinin-based combination 185, 188
O
Obstructive jaundice with infection 89
Oliguria 103
Optimal test 163
Organ dysfunction in MODS 102f
P
Packed
cell volume 32
red blood cells 67, 96
Parasite 38
index 106
viability in stored blood 133
Paratyphoid fevers 89
Parenteral treatment of severe malaria in pregnancy 115t
Partial pressure of arterial oxygen 97
Pathogenesis of
acute knee injury 67
coagulopathy in MODS 105f
jaundice in malaria 86
Plasmodium falciparum 16
pulmonary edema in malaria 96
severe malaria 20f
Pathophysiology of
complicated malaria 28
malarial anemia 80
MODS in malaria 104
Perinatal
death 113
mortality 113
Peripheral schizontaenemia 32
Personal
mosquito protection 214
protection from infection 217
Perspiration 27
Piroplasmosis 146
Placental malaria 110
Plasmodium 16
falciparum 2, 5, 10, 12, 26, 33, 37, 38, 51, 52, 79, 89, 104–106, 127, 141, 152, 159, 161, 183, 191, 204
life cycle 14f
malaria 4f
malaria 89, 132, 204
knowlesi 191
lactate dehydrogenase 136
malariae 26, 191
ovale 191
parasites 133, 191, 198
sporozoites 194
vivax 26, 79, 161, 191
malaria 87
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 19
Polymerase chain reaction 110, 136
Polymorphonuclear leukocytosis 32
Positive end expiratory pressure 97
Postpartum infection 112
Pre-erythrocytic stage vaccines 193
Presumptive
anti-relapse therapy 222
medication of blood recipients 138
Prevention
of malaria infection in travelers 217
strategies of
malaria 214
TTM 133
Primaquine 219, 221
Procalcitonin levels 106
Proguanil 188, 219
Prostration 111
Prothrombin time 90
index 90
Pulmonary
edema 31, 34, 94, 111, 124, 178
in malaria 94
nitric oxide 96
Q
Quantifying parasites 145
Quantitative bufffy coat analysis 150
Quinidine 115
gluconate 115
Quinine 42, 55, 114, 115, 181, 188
dihydrochloride 115
plus clindamycin 114
stimulated insulin secretion 29
R
Rapid diagnostic
kit 165f
tests 135, 160, 206
for malaria 162f
Reactive oxygen intermediates 67
Recurrent GTCs 178
Red blood cells 12, 80
Relapsing fever 89
Renal
blood flow index 72
failure 94, 116, 139
in falciparum malaria 62
impairment 35, 111
replacement therapy 70
system 103
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 67
Respiratory
complications of malaria 95
distress 34, 63, 111
system 103
Role of
adjuvants 197
hemolysis 80
spleen 81
Romanowsky stains 143
S
Screening potential blood donors 159
Sequential organ failure assessment score 106
Serum creatinine 32
Severe
acute respiratory distress syndrome 105
anemia 30, 63, 111, 116
falciparum malaria 130
jaundice 94
malaria 43, 116t
normocytic anemia 35
pallor 178
Plasmodium falciparum malaria 106
Sexual stage vaccines 197
Shock 30, 34, 111, 116
Sinusoidal and portal infiltration 89
Small for gestational age infant 113
Spleen filtering function 23
Spontaneous bleeding and coagulopathy 116
Sporogonic cycle of malaria parasite 16
Sporozoites 63
Stages of Plasmodium falciparum 13f
Sterile insect technique 216
Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine 117, 137, 188, 214
Sweating stage 27
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 102
Systolic blood pressure 30, 34
T
Tachycardia 103
Targets for malaria vaccines 193t
Thrombocytopenia 111
Tissue schizonticides 219
Toxoplasmosis 89
Transfusion
reactions causing hemolysis 89
transmitted P. falciparum malaria 126
in nonendemic countries 132
Transmission
blocking vaccines 197
of infections 11
Treatment of
malaria and management of pregnancy 114
mixed infections 184
in malaria 183
Plasmodium falciparum 204
severe falciparum malaria 178
uncomplicated malaria in pregnant women 115t
Tropical splenomegaly syndrome 83
Trypanosoma brucei 23
Trypanosomiasis 89
Tumor necrosis factor 12, 30, 65
Types of
RDTS 161
traveler 218
vaccine 192
Typhoid 89
Typhus fever 89
U
Uncomplicated malaria 27, 115, 122f, 170
Use of antimalarial drugs 214
V
Vaccines against malaria 193
Vasopressin therapy 72
Vector-borne diseases 203
Vulnerable community plan 209
W
White cells 82
Y
Yellow fever 89
Z
Zygote 63
×
Chapter Notes

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1Handbook on FALCIPARUM MALARIA2
3Handbook on FALCIPARUM MALARIA
Editor-in-Chief Anupam Sachdeva Director Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit Co-Chairman Department of Pediatrics Chairman Department of Academics Convener Research Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India Editors Nita Radhakrishnan Consultant Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) Unit Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India Manas Kalra Consultant Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) Unit Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
4
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Handbook on Falciparum Malaria
First Edition: 2014
9789351523079
Printed at
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Our Parents
Spouse and Children
6
7Contributors 8Preface
Malaria is a big public health problem in our country and a lot of other countries between the tropic of Cancer and tropic of Capricorn. There was an upsurge in the disease after initial control due to the development of resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides as well as of the Plasmodium to conventional drugs. With the introduction of better preventive strategies and newer antimalarials, there has been a decline in the morbidity as well as mortality from malaria. There is a dire need for concerted effort on the part of whole world to control the scrounge.
There is a great need for a consolidated book on falciparum malaria for everyone. Handbook on Falciparum Malaria bridges that gap. We hope that this will go a long way in helping everyone understand the disease better.
Editor-in-Chief
Anupam Sachdeva
Editors
Nita Radhakrishnan
Manas Kalra