A
Abdominal distention 166
Abdominal endovascular aortic repair 226
Abruptio placentae 873
Acceleration time 590
Accentuated arteriolar light reflex 102f
Acebutolol 697
Acetazolamide 31
Acetylcholine 142
Activated T-cells, nuclear factor of 175f
Acute aortic conditions, symptoms in 241
Acute cardiomyopathy 495
Acute left ventricular failure 3
Acute stroke, treatment of 555
Adenoma 169
Adrenal cortical adenoma 307
Adrenal diseases 23
Adrenal incidentaloma 167
Adrenal nervous system 120
Adrenal venous sampling 170
Adrenal zona glomerulosa cells 165
Advanced echocardiographic assessment 389
Advanced strain imaging echocardiography 369
Adverse drug reaction 518
African American Study of Kidney Disease 500
Aircraft noise 107
diurnal rhythm of 168
effects, molecular mechanism of 164
escape 775
level 171
measuring 167
mediates reabsorption 25
production, regulation of 165
receptor
antagonists 620
blockade 942
role of 771
to-renin ratios 422
Aldosteronism, metabolic complications in primary 163t
Aldosteronomas, typical 171
Alkaline phosphatase 508
Allopurinol 155
Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists 821
Alprazolam 623
Alzheimer's disease 173
Ambient air pollution 95
collaboration 282
monitor tracings, twenty-four-hour 271f
monitoring 11, 30, 50, 96, 134, 157, 180, 258t, 262, 269f–271f, 273t, 276, 294, 509t, 654, 664, 682, 691, 693t, 711, 821, 832, 849, 865, 901, 907, 936, 951
advantages of 273
emergence of 11
limitations of 273
studies 96
technical aspects of 268
recording, twenty-four-hour 271f
American College of Sport Medicine 80
American Geriatrics Society 46
American Heart Association 8, 46, 49–52, 56, 115, 127, 132, 189, 191, 210, 217fc, 220, 279, 298, 306, 398, 420, 439, 487, 526, 574, 606, 616, 626, 645f, 679, 690, 694, 754, 777, 840, 951
Blood Pressure Guideline 644
Amyloidosis, cardiac 444
Anabolic steroids 802
Ancient Indian System of Medicine 7
Androgens 850
Aneroid devices 693
Anesthesia considerations, perioperative 623
Aneurysm 222
Angina 469
Angiotensin receptor antagonists 696
Angiotensin receptor blockers 41, 51, 75, 84, 135, 148, 171, 185, 234f, 283, 326, 421, 437, 474f, 486f, 491, 498, 517, 522, 529, 543, 543f, 545f, 606, 616, 631, 634, 647, 664, 699, 721, 726, 732, 743, 748, 757, 769, 780, 790, 817, 834, 845, 860, 870, 905, 936, 952, 955
effect of 419
inhibition, mechanism of 726
Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor 283, 480, 512, 513, 517, 519, 527t, 533, 632, 779, 941, 946, 947, 947fc, 948, 949fc
clinical applications of 528
clinical trials of 523
role of 480
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 24f, 25, 28, 74, 84, 152, 173, 191, 234f, 252, 417, 474f, 475f, 486f, 498, 598, 610, 631, 645f, 689, 728, 741, 744, 757, 769, 775, 788, 794, 801, 825f, 834, 851, 870, 879, 887, 905, 936, 952
gene polymorphism 173
Angiotensinogen 899
Ankylosing spondylitis 563
Annual health survey 201
Annual incidence rate 553
Annular mitral velocity, measurement of 360f
Annuloaortic ectasia 145
Antagonist oral anticoagulants 796
Antiadrenergic drugs 789
Antiarrhythmic drug therapy 438
Anticoagulation therapy 607
Anticonvulsant management 880
Antidiabetic medications 620
Antihypertension therapy 180
Antihypertensive 723
effect of 181t
side effects of 857
three first-line 946
initiation of 834
pharmacologic therapy 873
regimens 277
choice of 664
strategies 233
meta-analysis of 544
monitoring of 284
Anti-inflammatory drugs 742
Antioxidant defense 140
Anti-Parkinson's drugs 394
Antipsychotics 821
Anuria 873
Aorta 557
aneurysmal dilatation of 319f
arch of 318f
balloon angioplasty of 149
dissection of 562f
echocardiographic
evaluation of 559
imaging of 559
functional assessment of 578
juxtadiaphragmatic 570f
pathology of 562
recoils 289
renal anastomosis 150
three layers of 214f
traumatic injury to 564
Aortic angiogram 837f
Aortic assessment 575
Aortic baroreceptors 898
Aortic bifurcation, slightly above 898
Aortic changes, pathophysiology of 574
Aortic chemoreceptors 898
Aortic compliance 578
Aortic complications 318
Aortic damage 793
complicated type B 231
extension of 600
incidence of 215
management of 217fc
mechanism of 216b
prevalence of 215
prognosis of 241
type
A 230
B 231
uncomplicated type B 231
Aortic involvement 242
Aortic measurements 560f
Aortic media abnormalities 216
Aortic morphology 577
Aortic plaque imaging 575
Aortic pressure 428
Aortic pulse wave velocity 578
Aortic wall 216
Aortitis 567
Aortography 242
Apararenone 772
Apical ballooning syndrome 388
Arachidonic acid, Cyp450-derived metabolites of 121
Arterial embolus 585
Arterial occlusions 103
Arterial pressure, measurement of mean 879
Arterial pulse wave velocity 649
Arteriogenic dysfunction 376
Arteriogram abnormality 146
Arteriosclerosis 561
Arthralgia 146
Artificial heart, total 233
Asian hypertension 948
Asia-Pacific Society of Hypertension 8
Aspartate transaminase 508
Aspirin, low-dose 879
Asthma 95
Asymptomatic organ damage, causes of 383
Atheroembolic disease 247
Atheroma 564f
Atheromatous disease 319f
Atherosclerotic disease 247
Atherosclerotic renovascular disease 295
Atherothrombosis, reduction of 946
Atomoxetine 253
Atorvastatin 717
Atrial fibrillation 153, 163, 209, 261, 357, 365, 386, 430–433, 453, 485f, 488, 631, 726, 752, 796, 797, 799
mechanisms of 430
pathophysiology of 431f
permanent 363
reduction of 726
Atrial filling velocity 402
Atrial septal defect 923
Atrioventricular junction changes 100
Atrophic thyroiditis 864
Augmentation index 93
Augmenting aortic diastolic pressure 289
Auscultatory gap 691
Automated blood pressure measurement technique 691
Automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator 233
Automated myocardium tracking 369
Autonomic cardiovascular control, attenuation of 90
Autonomic modulation 491
Avanafil 179
Axillary lymphadenopathy 146
AYUSH doctors, role of 5
Azole antifungals 719
B
Back pain 216
Bacteremia 216
Banana peel appearance 589f
Baroreceptor 121
Baroreceptor failure syndrome 900
Baroreflex activation therapy implants system, location of 637f
Baroreflex failure 899
Basal ganglia, bilateral 553f
Basal sympathetic tone 73
Behçet's arteritis 216
Behçet's disease 563
Benazapril 789
Bergamo Nephrologic Diabetes Complication Trial 41
Berlin questionnaire 30
Beta-blockers 74, 148, 161, 171, 191t, 244, 341, 375, 500, 606, 619, 696, 735, 736t, 743, 744, 789, 790, 821, 845, 874
antihypertensive effects of 697fc
benefits of 699
classification of 696
generations of 697t
use of 699
vasodilating 861
Betaxolol 697
Bicaval dual-lumen cannula 917
Bile acid-binding resin 718
Biochemical derangements, new-onset of 872
Biopsy, endomyocardial 541
Biplane Simpson's method 461
Black blood 320
Black carbon 95
Bleedings, minor 610
Blood
arterial inflow 73
cholesterol 376
glucose control 956
level-dependent 316f
pressure 3, 7, 11–13, 25, 56, 78, 94, 97f, 103, 112, 127, 134, 188, 193, 214, 220, 251, 260, 265, 276, 306, 321f, 343, 355, 395, 414, 420, 430, 457, 474, 495, 498, 507, 517, 522, 533, 567, 605, 612, 613, 616, 622, 630, 640, 670f, 679, 691, 692t, 694, 711, 754t, 762, 788f, 802b, 803, 818, 820, 885, 887b, 908, 932, 955
arterial 694
categories of 440t
central 253
circadian rhythm of 279
components of 24f
diastolic 9f, 12, 30, 45, 50, 57, 79f, 80, 115, 160f, 184, 190, 196, 259, 272, 298, 371, 424f, 440, 507, 605, 612, 645f, 670f, 680, 692, 698, 711, 741, 754, 771, 780, 801, 817f, 832, 849, 914, 932, 936, 942, 949f
guidelines of 57t
intraprocedural management of 617
levels, classification of 689t
mechanisms of 156
mildly elevated 933
monitoring 157
nervous control of 898
office measurement of 344t
pediatric 831t
perioperative control of 190
postprocedural management of 617
postural variability of 820
preoperative management of 616
profile, normal ambulatory 268f
rhythm of 695
rise in 426
salt sensitivity of 119
self-measurement of 265f
status, classification of 952
tissue interface 444
urea nitrogen 907
vessels 775
Body
sodium, abnormal 25
Bonnet's sign 100
Bowman's capsule 414
Bradykinin 550
Brahmakumaris Rajyoga Meditative 67
Branch retinal vein occlusions 104f
Breath, shortness of 792
Breathing disorders 481
Broken heart syndrome 388
Bronchitis 95
Bruit over subclavian arteries 146
Buckberg index 394
Bull's eye plot 449f
C
Caffeine 254
Calcific aortic valve disease 405
Calcific stenosis, incidence of 426
activated potassium 740
channel blockers 41, 54, 75, 148, 161, 179, 186, 210, 284, 421, 474, 500, 606, 617–619, 647, 664, 670, 696, 699, 733, 735, 741, 744, 748, 763, 788, 790, 818, 824, 857, 874, 905, 908, 936, 946, 952
homeostasis 746
abnormal 485
intracellular concentration of 859
ions, active transport of 453
phosphorus product 844
supplementation 871
Caloric intake 17
Calorie restriction 41
Cancer 95
Candesartan 726
Capillary rarefaction 443
Carbon dioxide 914
Carcinoid syndrome 897
Cardiac biomarkers, rise of 388
Cardiac chamber hypertrophy 337
Cardiac damage 793
Cardiac intensive care management 918
Cardiac pacemaker-mediated hypertension treatment 943
Cardiac phase and flow dependent techniques 597
Cardiac risk index, revised 191
Cardiac systolic function 463
Cardiac tamponade 216
Cardiac transplant 233
Cardiological Society of India 133
Cardioprotective drugs 341
Cardioselective beta-blockers 703
Cardioselective beta-blockers, advantages of 699
Cardiovascular changes, assessment of 419
Cardiovascular death 609
Cardiovascular diseases 15, 38, 45, 79, 107, 115, 133, 157, 160f, 173, 183, 196, 209, 222, 257, 281, 294, 299, 301, 353, 396, 494, 510, 526, 696, 722, 733, 752, 760, 775, 811, 815, 844, 846t, 860, 879, 931, 950
comorbidities 716
development of 94
metabolism in 527
Cardiovascular events, risk of 354
Cardiovascular protection 726
Cardiovascular sequelae, long-term 222
Carney's triad 309
Carotid arterial wall stiffness 845
Carotid baroreceptor activation therapy 804
Carotid chemoreceptors 898
Carotid disease 670
Carotid duplex ultrasound 296
Carotid sinus 898
Carteolol 697
Cavernosal muscles 376
Cavernosal sinusoids 375f
Celiprolol 697
Celoria-Patton classification 569
Central aortic augmentation index, estimation of 292f
Central aortic blood pressure monitoring, significance of 288
Central aortic pulse pressure 947
Central pressure waveform 649f
Central renal sympathetic nervous systems 121f
Central retinal arterial occlusion 104f
Cerebral blood vessels 550f
Cerebral hemorrhage, nontraumatic 841
Cerebral ischemia trial 671
Cerebrolysin 556
Cerebrovascular abnormalities, development of 282
Cerebrovascular disease, childhood 840
Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm 296
Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study 39
Child-Pugh classification 518
Chlorthalidone 148, 277, 409–412, 414, 417, 419, 421, 543, 544, 619, 733, 739, 741–743, 745, 746, 748, 762–764, 826
effect of low-dose 764f
indications of 410
Chondroitin proteoglycans 556
Choroidal vessels 100
Choroidopathy, hypertensive 102
Chronic critical limb ischemia 679
Chronic kidney disease 23, 38, 47, 63, 116, 129, 149f, 156, 157fc, 190, 210, 265, 281, 295, 296, 314, 344, 398, 424, 494–497, 498fc, 498t, 618, 638, 651, 660, 682, 739, 752, 801, 812f, 832, 844, 849 861, 897, 914, 944, 947, 955
related risk factors 497fc
Chronic kidney failure 280
Chronotherapy 211
Cilnidipine 284
Circadian rhythm, pathophysiology of altered 280
Clarithromycin 719
Cochlear implant 327
Cognitive function, protection of 728
Coma 216
Community Health Center 202
Comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography 559
Congenital renal structural anomalies 847
Connective tissue growth factor 40
Constrictive pericarditis 383
Continuous noise 106
Continuous venovenous ultrafiltration 501
Conventional auscultatory office blood pressure 294
Coronary artery
arterial 235
calcification 845
disease 47, 56, 61, 63, 68, 78, 83, 116, 163, 209, 233, 331, 436, 344, 394, 469, 484, 485f, 537, 605, 614, 616, 618, 622, 634, 647, 679, 703, 731, 733fc, 744, 768, 794, 815, 817, 944, 951
involvement 145
surgery, minimally invasive 235
Coronary atherosclerotic process 699
Coronary flow reserve 391
Coronary perfusion 816
Corpora cavernosa 376
Corpus spongiosum 377f
Corticosteroids 147
Corticosterone 850
Cortisol 850
Cranial nerve palsies 103
Cube formula 338
Cushing's disease 23
Cushing's reaction 899
Cyanosis 878
Cyclooxygenase pathway 891
D
Dementia 781
Deoxycorticosterone 850
Device-based hypertension management strategies 942
Dexamethasone suppression test 170
Dexmethylphenidate 906
Dextroamphetamine 906
control and complications trial 39
mellitus 15, 38, 101, 103, 129, 198, 433, 508, 539, 611, 620, 624, 646, 679, 727, 752, 812f, 832, 851, 873, 897, 931, 930, 947
insulin resistance 20
prevention of 727
prevalence of 201f
progression of 719
treatment of 201f
Diaphragm 560f
Diarrhea 781
degrees of 446
early identification of 363
effect of 430
evaluation of 363
mild 415f
normal 415f
parameters of 418
severe 415f
valsartan in 479
Dietary modifications 41
Diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid 159
Different blood pressure measuring devices 693
Diffuse interstitial fibrosis 368
Diffuse mid-thoracic long-segment obstruction 836
Diffusion tensor imaging 598
Digital devices, use of 5
Digital pulse amplitude tonometry 141
Dimethylacetamide 409
Dimethylformamide 409
Dimethylsulfoxide 409
Diminished femoral pulses 907
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors 621
Dipyridamole 147
Disability-adjusted life years 196
DISHA study 204
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 879
Distal arch hypoplasia 569f
Distal brachiocephalic trunk, lesions of 145
action of 741
adverse effects for 747t
four sites of action of 741f
mechanism of action of 414f
pharmacodynamics of 742t
pharmacokinetics of 742t
role of 421
therapy 735
echocardiography targets for 415
inadequate 946
low-dose 748
use 414
long-term 416
Double jeopardy echo evaluation 426
Drospirenone 54
Droxidopa 253
Dual antiplatelet therapy 555
Dual calcium channel blockers 789
Dual chamber pacemakers 365
Dysautonomia 820
E
Early diastolic annular velocity 369
Early morning blood pressure surge 185
Echocardiogram 134
Echocardiographic diastolic dysfunction 386
Ectopic glands 312
Edema 411
Edinburgh claudication questionnaire 681
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 216
Eighth Joint National Committee 748
Elastic artery, large 145
Elastic lamina layers 318
Electronic devices 694
Electronic health record 331
Electronic medical records 329
Electronic pressure sensor 694
Elevated plasma metanephrine concentrations 311
Elschnig spots 102
Embolic disease 325
Emerging therapies, role of 423
Enalaprilat 794
Encephalitis 872
End-diastolic antegrade velocity 378
End-diastolic volume 372
Endoleaks, classification of 226f
Endoplasmic reticulum 906
Endothelial cells, regulation by 550
Endothelial dysfunction 25, 72f, 120, 138, 139fc, 141f, 142, 375, 378f, 379, 858, 865, 885, 891, 905
correction of 141
reduction in 784
role of 93
Endothelial progenitor cells 93
Endothelial tight junctions 841
Endovascular baroreflex amplification 943
Endovascular techniques 148
Endovascular treatment, role of 219
Endpoint reduction, losartan intervention for 744
Epicardial coronary artery 391
Epilepsy 872
Epistaxis, shortness of 792
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids 121
Epworth sleepiness scale 30
basic management of 112
diagnosis of 376
evaluation of 376
mechanism of 179
mediator of 74
pathophysiology of 374
report of 75f
syndrome, physiology of 380
Erectile functions, antihypertensive on 380t
Erection hardness score 379
Esaxerenone 772
European Diabetes Prospective Complication Group Study 39
European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis 744
Extracellular volume 369
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation 916
circuit 920b
peripheral venoarterial 923f
venovenous 922f
contraindications of 921
properties 920
role of 916
therapy 918
types of 918
uses of 914
venoarterial 917
Extrinsic compression 585
Extrinsic fibrous band 585
Exudative retinal detachment 102
Ezetimibe 717
F
Fabry's disease 444
Familial pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndrome 309
Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection syndrome 216
Fasting glucose, impaired 16
Fatigue 146
Felodipine event reduction 743
Femoral vascular access, absence of 917
Femoral vein, right 922f
Fiber diet, low 946
Fibroblast growth factor 452
Fibromuscular disease 585
Fibromuscular hyperplasia 16
Finerenone 772
First-tier screening tests 166
Fistulas 376
Fludrocortisone 253
Fluvastatin 717
Focal arteriolar attenuation 102f
Food interactions 722
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India 203
Fournier's gangrene 785
Fourth National Family Health Survey 440
Fractional anisotropy 598
Fractures 376
Frank systolic dysfunction 448
Friedreich's ataxia 444
G
G protein-coupled receptor 174
Gamma-glutamyl transferase 50
Giant cell arteritis 216
Glasgow Coma Scale, low 507
Glaucoma 103
Gliflozins 784
Glomerulonephritis, chronic 325
Glycemic control 41
Graves’ disease 867
Great Indian blood pressure survey 133
Guanfacine 421
Guanosine monophosphate 779
Gynecomastia 771
H
Happy mind, lifestyle for 67
Hashimoto's disease 864
Hatha yoga 929
Head injury 872
Head-up tilt test 653
Health disease continuum 652f
Healthcare professionals 4
Healthy body, lifestyle for 67
Healthy heart, lifestyle for 67
acute 613
diastolic
dysfunction of 848
function of 399
disease 785
extracardiac 316
hypertensive 295, 301, 345, 351, 358, 368, 370t, 383, 385f, 386, 399, 448, 455f, 457, 469, 470, 484, 533, 537, 544
sign of hypertensive 403
failure 78, 83, 88, 163, 209, 216, 234f, 281, 282, 338, 354, 357, 427, 432, 443, 469, 474f–476f, 478, 485f, 487t, 494, 507, 510f, 513, 522, 533–535, 539f, 543f, 574, 618, 623, 632, 646, 699, 727, 763, 779, 844, 845, 846t
decompensated 502
effective therapy for 490
guidelines, recent updates of 519
hypertensive acute 640
left ventricular hypertrophy to 540
long-standing hypertension leading to 232
morbidity in 529
pathological changes in 479
pathophysiology of 479
phenotypes of 330
prevalence of 537
resistance hypertension with 956
signs of 488t
therapy, goals of 518
treatment of hypertension in 473
uncontrolled hypertension to 478
with midrange ejection fraction 487
with normal ejection fraction 905
hyperkinetic 649
study 614
reserve 80
syndromes, hypertrophic 444
systolic function of 399
transplant 495
recipients, care of 664
Hemiretinal vein occlusion 103
Hemoglobin, glycated 364
Hemorrhagic complications 434
Herbal supplements 946
High peak systolic velocity 591f
High-risk percutaneous coronary intervention 918
High-sodium diet 835
High-systolic velocity 590f
Histocompatibility complex, major 718f
Hlomerulonephritis 314
Home blood pressure
Household air pollution 95
Human genes and salt sensitivity 122
Human immunodeficiency virus infection 717
Hybrid myocardial revascularization 235
Hyperbaric index 869
Hypercalciuria, idiopathic 746
Hypercholesterolemia, familial 344
Hypercortisolism 310f
Hyperemia, induction of 391
Hyperkyphosis 260
Hyperparathyroidism, primary 16
Hyperplasia, benign prostatic 181
Hypertension 3, 11–13, 19, 23–28, 30b, 38, 46, 51, 56, 58, 72, 78, 79f, 80t, 86–88, 94–96, 99, 103, 110, 111f, 119, 129f, 131, 135b, 136, 139fc, 141f, 146fc, 149, 156, 163, 166, 178, 180f, 181, 186, 201, 201f, 202f, 209–211, 222, 240, 244, 257, 271f, 275, 281, 296–299, 301, 321f, 331, 344, 353, 362, 368, 372, 374, 380, 386f, 398, 404, 414f, 426–428, 431f, 432–434, 439, 448, 469, 471, 474b, 476, 490, 507–509, 510f, 517, 523, 530, 537–540, 547, 553, 559, 570, 583, 603, 609–611, 616, 622, 627, 634, 643, 662, 669, 677, 696, 703, 704, 704t, 714, 717, 726–728, 731, 733fc, 739, 748, 757, 764f, 766, 779, 785, 795, 799, 815, 824, 829, 836f, 849, 852fc, 857, 861, 867, 869, 878, 885b, 890, 891fc, 899, 911, 914, 930, 941, 952
acute severe 736
antecedent 609
aortic
causes of 568
computed tomography evaluation of 567
arterial chronic 609
assessing control of 270
associated brain hemorrhage, incidence of 841
associated bruits 166
awareness 200
baseline investigations for 295b
category of 824
central 948
childhood 832
effects of 841
chronotherapy of 284
clinical management of 3
combination therapy of 744
components of 23
cut-offs for 439
development of 859fc
methodology in 255
diastolic 88
drug combinations in 790t
duration of 73
early stages of 361
early-onset 133
epidemiology of 696
etiopathogenesis of 146
familial 23
family history of 850
genetic basis of 24
global burden of 38
grading of 870
guidelines 698
history of 401
inappropriate 295
incidental detection of 453
insulin resistance induced 610
investigation for 134
longstanding 394
management 20, 69fc, 101, 134, 135b, 148, 188, 279, 437, 439, 472, 498fc, 605, 625, 631, 640–642, 671, 726, 766, 846, 847, 849, 851, 879, 900, 941
strategies for 831
telmisartan in 721
measurement 262
Mendelian forms of 24
mild 870
mitigate menace of 757
moderate 870
nonendocrine causes of secondary 314
onset of early 133
optimal treatment of 471
overtreatment of 394
paroxysmal 914
pathogenesis of secondary 568
perioperative 793
surgical implications of 624
pharmacological
management of 31
therapy of 873
phenotype 159t
poorly controlled 355
positive family history of 835
post-transplantation 662
pregnancy-related 107
presence of 428t
prevention 946
and control initiatives in India 201
preventive strategies and campaign in India 196
prevention of 199
radiation-induced 897
receiving bisoprolol 711
reducing atrial fibrillation 433
setting of 267
small resistance arteries 92
Society of India 202
stress leading to 930fc
study, treatment of mild 765
symptomatic 51
terminology used in 898t
uncomplicated 158f
urgent control of severe 875
use in
essential 736
pediatric 737
vessel remodeling in 25
action, mechanism of 718fc
acute aortic syndrome 577
diagnosis of 792
echocardiographic evaluation of 458
occurrence of 792
parenteral drug therapy for 193t
perioperative management of 192
presentation of 792
nomenclature of 878
pathophysiology of 870
episodes 192
heart disease 295, 301, 345, 351, 358, 368, 370t, 383, 386, 399, 448, 455f, 457, 469, 470, 484, 533, 537, 544
classification of 485t
development of 453
evaluation of 101
signs of 102f
small-artery disease 554
target-organ damage 51
treatment of 793
Hyperthyroid 867
Hypertrophy
asymmetrical 448f
benign prostatic 395
hypertensive 453
hypertensive left ventricular 384f
moderate 444
severe 444
Hypoalbuminemic states 421
Hypochondrial pain, right 873
Hypoechoic nodular lesions 313f
Hypoglycemia 507
Hypopneas 33
Hypotensive drugs, multiple low-dose 759t
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, activation of 929
Hypothyroid 864
I
Idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease 145
Immune system 122
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator 630
Impulsive noise 106
Infarction 216
Infections 872
Inflammatory disorder 298
Inflammatory vasculitides 216
Infradiaphragmatic lesions 150
Inotropes 502
Insulin
induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation 859
homeostasis model assessment of 346
role of 858
sensitivity 700
Intensity projections, minimum 567
Intensive care unit 216
Interatrial shunt device 491
Interleukins 892
Intermittent claudication 681
Intermittent noise 106
International Diabetes Federation 46
International Index of Erectile Function 112
International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection 242
International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation 662
Interventricular septal thickness 296
Interventricular septum 352f
Intimal dissection 247
Intimal injury, point of 214f
Intracellular calcium homeostasis 891
Intracellular proteins, large number of 864
Intractable ventricular arrhythmias, severe 438
Intraocular pressure 100
Intraoperative blood pressure reduction strategies 192
Intrarenal disease 835
Intrauterine death 873
Iodine deficiency 313
Iodothyronine deiodinase 867
Ion transport, impaired 121
Irbesartan 948
Ischemic complications 434
Ischemic electrocardiogram, typical 388
Ishikawa criteria 145
Isometric resistance exercise 79
Ivabradine 480
J
Japanese Circulation Society 220
Jeopardizes heart 721
Juxtaductal coarctation 569f
Juxtaglomerular apparatus 24
K
Kallikrein-Kinin system 121
Kaplan-Meier curves for cardiovascular mortality 129f
Ketoacidosis, euglycemic diabetic 621
Ketoconazole 776
abnormalities 847
damage, chronic 344
history of 850
function
normal 424
tests 134
internal vasculature of 586f
transplant recipient 495
Korean Society of Heart Failure 520
L
Lacunar infarct 555f
Lacunar strokes 553
L-arginine 886
Late diastolic annular velocity 369
Leaflet sclerosis 427
Left bundle branch block 457
Left ventricular
diastolic
diameter 296
ejection fraction 296, 338, 339, 347, 364, 368, 372, 426, 458, 478, 514, 523, 528, 529, 534, 614, 619, 663, 941
end-diastolic
pressure-to-volume ratio 663
volume 446
function 393
assessment of 388
remodeling 663
torsional deformation 340
Left ventricular hypertrophy 25, 55, 128, 152, 153, 154f, 155, 289, 295, 296, 301, 318, 320f, 337, 351, 358, 394, 398, 401, 410, 411, 427f, 436, 446, 452, 457, 469, 476f, 485, 495, 509, 533, 537, 540, 610, 630, 651, 744, 833, 844, 851, 858, 941
assessment of 368
different patterns of 411f
evaluation of 850
incidence of 414
pathophysiology of 452
regression and drugs 154
regression of 410
Levitra 179
Life after sprint 116
Lifestyle changes 159
Lifestyle interventions 907
Lifestyle-related chronic conditions 931
Ligamentum arteriosum 315
Linagliptin 503
Linear echocardiographic method 352f
Lipophilicity 717
Listen Korotkoff sounds 690
Living kidney donor 495
Lixisenatide 503
Loeys-Dietz syndrome 216
Loop of Henle 414
Lower limb ischemia 216
Lower respiratory tract infection 83
Low-frequency noise 106
Lumbar approach 586
Lupus anticoagulant 585
M
Machine learning algorithms 329
Macroalbuminuria 39
Malaria 872
Malondialdehyde 932
Mammary artery, internal 624
Mass index, normal 453
Massive asymmetrical hypertrophy 447f
Mastalgia 771
McConnell's sign 389
Mechanical dyssynchrony 449
Medical devices 809
Medical history 906
Medical nephrectomy 835
Medical Research Council Trial 74
Membrane-stabilizing activity 697
Meningitis 872
Menopause 53
Menstrual irregularities 771
Mesenteric ischemia 216
Metabolic abnormalities 746
Metabolic alkalosis 745
Metabolic disorder 872
Metabolic risk 129
Methanol 409
Methyclothiazide 409
Methyldopa 804
Methylphenidate 906
Metoclopramide test 170
Mibefradil 719
Microalbumin, urine for 134
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia 192
Microcalcifications 899
Microphone replaces 691
Microvascular dysfunction 391
Microvascular ischemia 375
Mid-aortic stenosis 835
Midazolam 623
Middle aortic syndrome 570
Middle-east respiratory syndrome 83
Mid-thoracic aortic obstruction 837f
Midwest pediatric nephrology consortium study 845
Migrating pain 216
Mineral and bone disorder 497
activation pathway 120
Mineralocorticoid response element 165f
Minoxidil 804
Mitigate chronic fatigue 931
Mitral inflow, Doppler of 460f
Mitral leaflet tethering 389
Modafinil 906
Moderate-intensity continuous training 81
Molecular mechanism 905
Monoamine oxidase 252
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 892
Morning plasma aldosterone 907
Morphine 623
Motor vehicle crash 216
Moyamoya disease 840
Multiorgan dysfunction 917
Multiple blood pressure measurements 441
Multiple cutaneous neurofibromas 570f
Multiple endocrine neoplasia 309
Multiple lacuna infarcts 553
Multiple silent cerebral infarcts 282
Myocardial cell death 906
Myocardial contractility 869
Myocardial contraction fraction 450
Myocardial contrast echocardiography 391
Myocardial disease, hypertensive 233
Myocardial dysfunction, spironolactone in 942
Myocardial enhancement 320
Myocardial function 458
Myocardial hypertrophy 453
Myocardial infarction 25, 154, 174, 175, 175f, 185, 357, 417, 469, 509f, 609, 611, 623, 698, 728, 732, 735, 741, 795, 798, 815, 817
anterior 389
causes of 815
paradox 728
risk factor for 787
risk of 267
Myocardial mass 404
Myocardial microvascular dysfunction 391
Myocardial morphology imaging 320
Myocardial oxygen 817
Myocardial scintigraphy 147
Myocardial sparkling 448
Myocardial tissue velocities 415
Myocardial viability, apical 391
Myocardial volume 353
N
Nadolol 697
Nasal decongestants 946
National Cardiovascular Data Registry 605
National Health Mission 3
National Program for Prevention and Control
of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke 202
of Diabetes 202
Natriuresis 784
Natural licorice 906
Nefazodone 719
Nephrectomy, surgical 835
Nephritis, acute interstitial 495
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, development of 327
Nephrotic disease 717
Nephrotoxic drugs 742
Neprilysin-endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor 781
Nesiritide 501
Neurite outgrowth inhibitor 556
Neurofibromatosis 585
Neurohormonal imbalance during stress, complex interaction of 929
Neurohumoral disorders 495
Neurologic damage 793
Neurological deficit, major 216
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio 146
Newer therapies 503
Ngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors 491
Night blood pressure fall 432
Night sweats 146
Nitrendipine 713
Nitric oxide 18, 25, 73, 78, 97f, 121, 138, 139, 174, 496, 497, 550, 610, 669, 752, 769, 859, 860, 885, 891, 906
level 495
pathway, inhibition of 664
role of 859
synthase 885
Nitrogen oxide 95
Nocturnal blood pressure pattern, spectrum of 280
Nocturnal dipping patterns 272f
Nocturnal noise exposure 107
Noise pollution 106
Nonfatal myocardial infarction 163
Noninvasive blood pressure 812
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation 481
Nonischemic cardiomyopathy 389
Nonmercury devices 693
Non-narcotic analgesics 906
Non-neurogenic causes 821
Nonpharmacologic interventions 59
Nonpharmacologic support 543
Nonrecoverable disease 921
Nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonists 732
Nonsteroidal dihydropyridine 772
Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia 438
Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation 796
Nordic diltiazem 744
Normotension 159
N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide 867
Nuclear medicine 326
Nucleus tractus solitarius 636
Nurses’ Health Study 197
Nutrition 883
O
Obese patients 692
evaluation of 28
management for 29
pathophysiology of 28fc
prevalence of 27
syndrome 27
therapies for 31
treatment of 34
Occupational noise and hypertension 107
Occupational stress 64
Ocular diseases 102
Omapatrilat cardiovascular treatment 527
Ominous fetal cardiotocography 873
Optic nerve head 100
Optimal blood pressure, maintenance of 138
Oral appliances 31
Oral fast-acting nifedipine 880
Oral hypoglycemic agent 491
Oral therapy 192
Organ dysfunctions, improvement of 922
Organ function, stiffness on 651t
Organ transplant 717
Organic carbon 96
Orlistat 907
Oropharyngocutaneous fistula 899
Orthostatic intolerance 820
Osmotic demyelination syndrome 745
Osmotic diuresis 956
Osmotic natriuresis 956
Osteoproximal stenosis, moderate 576f
Ostial left renal artery stenosis, severe 248f
Overnight oximetry 29
Overweight and obesity 197
Oxidant stress 25
Oxprenolol 697
Oxygen saturation, low 507
Oxygenator and oxygenation membrane 921f
Ozone 95
P
Pacemaker 327
Pacing parameters, modifiable 943
Page kidney 585
Palpitations 914
Pancreatic insulin secretion 700
Panic syndrome 792
Papillary muscles 445
Paramount trial 518
Parasternal long axis 559
Parasternal short axis 560
Parasympathetic denervation and deregulation 662
Parasympathetic ganglia 307
Parasympathetic nervous system 63
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation 365
Patent foramen ovale 923
Peak atrial contraction strain 385
Peak atrial longitudinal strain 372
Pediatric brain 839
Pediatric cardiology 829
Penbutolol 697
Penile Doppler study 376
Penile fracture 379
Penile Mondor's disease 379
Penile trauma 376
Penis, ultrasonic image of 377f
Perceived exertion, rating of 80
Perfusion pressure 100
Periorbital edema 313
Peripheral artery 344
Peripheral blood pressure 288
Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation 810f
Perirenal fibrosis 585
Persistent albuminuria 39
Persistent pulmonary hypertension 642
Pharmacokinetic profile 703
Pharmacologic interventions 59
Pharmacologic therapy 171
Pharmacological treatment, refractory to 438
Phenylpropanolamine 842
induced cardiogenic 915
Physical activity and obesity 433
Physiological diurnal variation, utilization of 664
Pickering syndrome 487
Pitavastatin 717
Pituitary adenoma 311f
Pituitary disease 865
Pituitary disorder 313
Pituitary macroadenomas 309
Plain old balloon angioplasty 149f
Plaque formation 375
Plasma
adiponectin 99
aldosterone 166
levels 422
limitations of 166
endothelin 99
estrogen 142
leptin values 99
potassium 771
protein 771
A, pregnancy-associated 879
Plasma-free thyroxin, measurement of 865
Platelet-lymphocyte ratio 146
Plethysmography 147
Pleural effusion 216
Polygraphy 29
Polymorphonuclear cell infiltration 900
Polysomnography 29
Pontine hemorrhage 507
Pooled cohort equation 952
Postangioplasty aneurysm 149
Post-Bentall procedure 216f
Post-coronary artery bypass grafting 625b
Postductal coarctation 569f
Posterior wall thickness 296
Postexercise physiologic response 19
Postgadolinium scans 308
Post-heart transplant 662
Post-interventional control 598
Postoperative hypertension, adverse effects of 624b
Post-percutaneous coronary intervention 620
Post-stroke 116
Post-traumatic occlusion 325
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome 821
Postural stimulation test 168
Power Doppler 588
Pravastatin 717
Precipitate cardiac failure 393
Premature cardiac disease, risk of 845
Preocclusion brachial artery dimension 141
Preoperative recipient factors 662
Pressure, end-diastolic 460f
causes of 164
clinical applications of 163
genetic variety of 164
pathogenic mechanism of 163
subtype 168
Primary hyper-aldosteronism, classical triads of 166
Procollagen serum levels 417
Prolonged mechanical ventilation, absence of 921
Prolylcarboxyendopeptidase 174
Prolylcarboxypeptidase 174
Prolylendopeptidase 174
Prominent interscapular fat deposition 907
Promote fibrosis 453
Prospective urban rural epidemiology 198
Prostacyclin 550
Prosthetic mitral valves 383
Protease inhibitors 719
Protein-to-creatinine ratio 159
Pruritus 781
Pseudoephedrine 842
Pseudoresistant hypertension, causes of 768b
Psychogenic stress factors 379
Pulmonary arterial hypertension 916
Pulmonary artery 917f
cannula 917f
hypertension 916
lesions of 145
low pressure receptors 898
pressure 404
to left atrium 923
Pulmonary embolism 914
Pulmonary flow, pulse Doppler of 463f
Pulmonary thromboembolism 509
Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy 917
Pulmonary veins 362
Pulse wave spectral Doppler display 360f
Pulseless disease, nonspecific 570
P-wave dispersion 303
Pyridostigmine 253
R
RAAS blockers 789
Radial strain 370
Radiofrequency catheter ablation 432
Rauwolfia serpentina 757
Reactive anxiety disorder 901
Reactive hyperemia index 141
Reactive nitrogen species 140
Receptor-neprilysin inhibitor 779
Recurrent stroke study 743
Regular echocardiography 405
Rehabilitation 927
Relative wall thickness 153
Renal angiography 248
anatomy 597
normal 595
disease 148
dissection 593
in-stent stenosis 591
lesions 148
malignancy encircling 585
obstruction 600
revascularization 150
role of 635
string of 592f
Renal causes 808
prevalence of 494
Renal end-organ protection 727
Renal infarction 585
Renal injury 17
Renal morbidity 691
Renal protection 159
Renal replacement therapy 502
Renal trauma 585
Renal vasculature 591
Renal vein renin assay 327
Renal vessels, external compression of 850
Renal-interlobar ratio 591
Renal-segmental ratio 590
Renin-angiotensin aldosterone axis 139
Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system 24, 26, 40, 53, 84, 92, 120, 139, 152, 154f, 173, 276, 430, 437, 480, 512, 517, 535, 585, 609, 631, 648f, 651, 657, 663, 721f, 726, 728, 739, 769, 770fc, 775, 779, 788, 821, 824, 859, 861, 865, 892, 942, 956
activation of 815
inappropriate activity of 156
pathway 120
role of 769
stimulation of 23
Renin-angiotensin system 24, 84, 120, 171t, 420, 422, 474, 496, 526, 618, 735, 801, 857, 886, 887, 891, 899, 908, 947
activation 495
cascade 174fc
Renin-responsive adenomas 171
Rennin-angiotensin systems 936
Reperfusion strategy, selection of 816
Reserpine 742
Resistant hypertension 167, 180, 270, 420, 634, 635, 657, 748, 768, 769, 773b, 775, 776, 801, 802, 802b, 805, 808, 810, 905, 913, 914, 936, 937
aldosterone-induced fluid retention in 635
characteristics of 801
nonpharmacological management of 635
pathogenesis of 906fc
pharmacotherapy of 769b
prognosis of 801
risk of 803
Respiratory infection 95
Restrictive-constrictive phenomenon 663
Retinal damage 792
Retinal emboli 103
Retinal macroaneurysm 103
Retinal vascular occlusions 104f
Retinal vasculature 296
Retroperitoneal masses 596
Reversible hypertension, causes of 295
Rheumatic mitral stenosis 365
Right atrium 917
Right renal artery, chronic total occlusion of 149f
Right ventricle systolic function 404
Right ventricular
diastolic function 404
dysfunction 345
function 542
infarction 817
mechanical support 913
systolic pressure 916f
Riva-Rocci method 691
Road traffic noise 106
Rosuvastatin 717
Routine blood investigations 872
Routine metabolic profile 907
S
Sacubitril-valsartan 529
Salt intake 539
Salt reduction programs 203
Salt resistance status, diagnosis of 122
Salt restriction 543
Salt retention 156
Salt-loading test 168
Salus's sign 100
Saquinavir 776
Scalp tingling 736
Sclerotic stage 100
Scotomas 873
Second generation axial flow pump 640f
Self-blood pressure measurement 263
Sepsis 905
Serum
adiponectin 727
aldosterone level, assessment of 167
creatinine 871
potassium and bicarbonate levels 166
Severe acute respiratory syndrome 83
Severe respiratory failure, refractory acute 916
Sex steroids 850
Sibutramine 907
Siegrist streaks 102
Signal to noise ratio 597
Simons catheter 836f
Simpson's method 461f
Single antihypertensive drugs 440
Single nucleotide polymorphisms 173
Single-photon emission computed tomography 841
Sjögren's syndrome 821
Skin rashes 736
Sleep blood pressure 268
Sleep disturbance 107
Sleep-trough mbps 277
Smooth muscle cells 717
Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions 249
Society on hypertension 748
Sodium 121
and magnesium levels 166
loading leads 885
depletion, intensification of 421
diet, low 498
excretion 739
glucose
linked transporter 762
intracellular concentration of 859
reduction 902
storage 122
Sodium-calcium exchange 906
Solid-organ transplant 832
Soluble guanylate cyclase 138
Sotalol 697
Spanish Society of Cardiology 537
Specific drug combinations 788
Spectral waveform patterns 588
Spinal cord injury 216
Splenomegaly 146
Spontaneous hypokalemia 166
Stable antihypertensive therapy 955
Stable ischemic heart disease 354
Standard suprasternal notch 560
Steady-state fast precision 577f
Sternotomy, median 917f
Steroidal mineralocorticoid antagonist 771
Stiff aorta, role of 650t
Stiffness 25
Stop hypertension eating plan 18t
Strain imaging, longitudinal 453
Stress-free happy life, mechanism for 68fc
Stroke 95, 163, 185, 216, 222, 344, 357, 417, 436, 507, 549, 510, 510f, 547, 551, 553, 609, 623, 669, 762, 799, 839
absolute risk of 10f
acute hemorrhagic 793
and bleeding risk stratification 508t
arterial aneurysms 25
risk factor for 787
types of 670f
Structural hypertension 781
Subclinical myocardial damage 396
Subclinical systolic dysfunction 370
Subendocardial myocardial dysfunction 394
Subendocardial systolic dysfunction 349
Sudden death, risk factor for 787
Sulfamoylbenzamide class 409
Sulfonylureas 621
Sulfur dioxide 95
Superoxide dismutase 932
Supine hypertension syndrome 651
Support vector machine 329
Supramaximal antihypertensive therapy 913
Sympathetic activation, regional distribution of 88
Sympathetic ganglia 307
Sympathetic hyperactivity 87
Sympathetic inhibition 956
role of 858
Sympathetic output 26
Sympathetic overactivity 265
Sympathetic stimulation 870
Symplicity catheter 943
Symptomatic carotid artery disease 671
Syncope 216
Systematic coronary risk evaluation 951
Systemic hypertension 33, 34, 34fc, 83, 99, 313, 318, 338, 338t, 340, 343, 345, 368, 372, 404, 443, 449f, 452, 454f, 712, 735, 752, 768
control of 840
treatment of 847
Systemic inflammatory release syndrome 903
Systolic anterior motion 448
Systolic blood pressure 9f, 11, 12, 15, 30, 46, 47, 50, 57, 63, 68, 79f, 80, 96, 115, 122, 133, 153, 163, 184, 188, 189, 190, 196, 216, 259, 267, 272f, 275, 298, 371, 389, 393, 440, 472, 507, 534, 607, 612, 623, 634, 644, 679, 689, 696, 711, 735, 736, 752, 771, 775, 801, 815, 824, 826f, 832, 932, 840, 936, 941, 948f, 951
levels 283
measurement 264f
Systolic function 345
Systolic longitudinal strain 453
Systolic strain 383
T
Tachycardia, supraventricular 437
characteristics of 723b
clinical trials of 724t
effects of 723b
efficacy of 723
mechanism of action of 721f
Tetrahydrobiopterin 97f
Theophylline 31
Therapeutic efficacy 723
Therapeutic strategies 354
Thiazide diuretic 51, 355, 375, 409, 410, 472, 499, 618, 740, 742, 745–748, 748t, 754, 762, 769, 874, 952
decrease 746
therapy 410
Thiazolidinediones 621
Thimet oligopeptidase 174
Third generation centrifugal pump 641f
Thoracic aorta
critical constriction of 150f
infrarenal portion of 318f
lesions of descending 145
T2-weighted images of 575f
Thoracic aortic transit time, echo assessment of 652f
Thoracic stent graft insertion 220t
Thoracoabdominal bypass, posterior 150
Three-dimensional speckle tracking 369
Thrombocytopenia 878
Thyroid
disease 295
hormonal secretion, excess of 867
activate transcription process 864
receptor 864
peroxidase antibody 865
related ophthalmopathy 313
Thyroiditis 313
Tilt-table testing 820
Tinnitus 107
Tiredness 736
Titration study 524
Toe-brachial index 682
Tolerability 788
Tolvaptan 745
Torsion 542
Toxemia 878
Traditional cardiovascular disease 351
Transcapillary pressure 411
Transesophageal echocardiography 560
Transesophageal three-dimensional echocardiogram 562f
Transoesophageal echocardiography 224
Transplanted renal artery, stenosis of 600
Transthoracic echocardiogram 217
Transvalvular flow rate 428
Transverse aortic arch 563f
Trauma 585
Trichlormethiazide 409
Tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion 389
Tricuspid valve regurgitation 916f
Tricyclic antidepressants 821
Tri-iodothyronine 865
Triple-mix test 112
Tuberous sclerosis 309
Twenty-four-hour urinary aldosterone excretion test 168
Two-dimensional speckle tracking 369
U
Ulcer, atheromatous penetrating 319f
Umbilical artery Doppler 873
Umbilicus 560f
Unhealthy diet 17
Unstable angina 192
Unstable carotid atherosclerosis 669
Urinary albumin excretion rate 39
Urinary calcium excretion 746
Urinary retention 736
Uterine artery pulsatility index, measurement of 879
V
Valsalva maneuver 216
Vardenafil 179
Vascular calcification 497
Vascular circadian rhythms 276
Vascular endothelium 891
Vascular end-stage disease 38
Vascular inflammation 94
Vascular surgery 150
Vasculopathy 840
Vasoactive substances 379
Vasoconstrictive stage 100
Vasogenic edema 321f
Vasomotor center 897
Vasopressin analogs 253
Vasopressin receptor antagonist 502
Velocity-sensitive flow-dependent 597
Vena cava, superior 920
Venography 327
Veno-occlusive disorder 376
Venous occlusion plethysmography 140
Venous thrombosis 376
Ventricular assist device 913
Ventricular fibrillation 63
Ventricular hypertrophy 174
Ventricular matrix formation 485
Ventricular premature beats 630
Ventricular septal defect 568
Ventricular strain measurements 384t
Venular tortuosity 101
Viagra 179
Visceral adiposity 858
Visual blurring 873
Visual disturbances 878
Vitals monitoring 880
Vitamin
D
effect of 891
modulates toll-like receptor 892
receptors 891
role of 890
K antagonists 796
Volume reflex 899
Volume-rendered techniques 567
von Hippel-Lindau disease 309
von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis 309
W
Wall motion abnormality 388
Water-based exercise 937
Wave intensity analysis 579
Western guidelines 953
Whickham survey 865
White blood 320
White-coat effect 907
White-coat hypertension 101, 103, 127, 128f, 129, 129f, 159, 260, 262, 265, 269, 269f, 294, 654, 691, 832, 849, 901, 946
diagnosis of 951
prevalence of 263
Windkessel function 223
Worsening disease, features of 880