Editor-in-ChiefAshok GargMS PhD FIAO(Bel) FRCS FRSM FAIMS ADM FICA
International and National Gold Medalist Chairman and Medical Director Garg Eye Institute and Research Center
Hisar, Haryana, India
ForewordsRonaldYeoh
Clement CY Tham
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Anterior and Posterior Segment OCT: Current Technology and Future Applications
First Edition: 2014
9789350909782
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- OCT in Anterior Segment SurgeryGabor B Scharioth (Germany)
- OCT in Posterior Segment SurgeryJose Maria Ruiz-Moreno (Spain)
- Jorge L Alio MS PhD
- Professor and Chairman
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Medical Director
- VISSUM, Instituto Oftalmológico de Alicante
- Avda de Denia S/n 03016
- Alicante, Spain
- Lalit Verma MD PhD
- Director
- Retina Management Group
- Center for Sight, Group of Hospitals
- B-524, Safdarjung Enclave, (Opp. Deer Park)
- New Delhi, India
Honorary Editors
- Boris Malyugin MD PhD
- Director
- Department of Cataract and Implant Surgery
- Deputy Director General, S Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery
- Complex State Institution
- 127486 Moscow, Beskudnikovsky blvd 59A, Russia
- Bojan Pajic MD PhD FEBO
- Chairman and Medical Director
- Eye Clinic Orasis and President
- Swiss Eye Research Foundation
- Eye Clinic Orasis, Titlisstrasse
- 44, 5734 Reinach AG, Switzerland
- T Mark Johnson MD FRCS
- Consultant, Vitreoretinal Surgeon
- National Retina Institute
- Suite 101, 5530 Wisconsin Ave
- Chevy Chase 20815, USA
- Jose Maria Ruiz-Moreno MD PhD
- Professor
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Albacete Medical School, University of
- Castilla La Mancha, Avenida de Almansa
- 14, 02006, Albacete, Spain
- Ehud I Assia MD
- Director
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Meir General Hospital
- Sapir Medical Center
- Kfar Saba, Israel
- Ahmad K Khalil MD
- Professor
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Research Institute of Ophthalmology
- Saridar Clinic Tower, 92, Tahrir Street Dokki
- Cairo, Egypt
- Aurelios Augenzentrum, Recklinghausen
- Erlbruch 34-36, D-45657 Recklinghausen
- Germany
- Joao J Nassaralla MD PhD
- Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
- University of Brasilia
- Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon
- Department of Retina and Vitreous
- Goiania Eye Institute, Goiania, Go, Brazil
- Rohit Saxena MD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Strabismus
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
- New Delhi, India
- CS Dhull MS PhD FIAO
- Director and Senior Professor
- Pt Bhagwat Dayal Sharma
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS)
- Rohtak, Haryana, India
- AK Khurana MS
- Senior Professor and Head
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS)
- Rohtak, Haryana, India
- Saurabh Luthra MS FMRF
- Director
- Drishti Eye Center and
- Dehradun Wave LASIK Center
- 9-B, Astley Hall
- Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Purendra Bhasin MS
- Chairman and Medical Director
- Ratan Jyoti Netralaya
- 18, Vikas Nagar, Near Sai Baba Temple
- Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
My Respected Param Pujya Guru Sant Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh Ji Insa for his blessings and motivation
My Respected Parents, teachers, my wife Dr Aruna Garg son Abhishek and daughter Anshul for their constant support and patience during all these days of hard work
My dear friend Dr Amar Agarwal a renowned International Ophthalmologist for his constant support, guidance and expertise
Ashok Garg
9Contributors
- Ahmad K Khalil MD
- Professor
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Research Institute of Ophthalmology
- Saridar Clinic Tower
- 92 Tahrir Street, Dokki
- Cairo, Egypt
- AK Khurana MS
- Senior Professor and Head
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS)
- Rohtak, Haryana, India
- Alfredo Vega-Estrada MD
- VISSUM Instituto Oftalmológico de
- Alicante, Spain
- Angelo Rampone MD
- VISSUM Instituto Oftalmológico de
- Alicante, Spain
- Arindam Chakravarti MD
- Retina Management Group
- Center for Sight, Group of Hospitals
- B-524, Safdarjung Enclave (Opp. Deer Park)
- New Delhi, India
- Aruj Khurana MS
- Consultant
- Guru Nanak Eye Center
- New Delhi, India
- Ashok Garg MS PhD FIAO(Bel) FRCS FRSM FAIMS ADM FICA
- International and National Gold Medalist
- Chairman and Medical Director
- Garg Eye Institute and Research Center
- Hisar, Haryana, India
- Bhawna Khurana MS
- Senior Resident
- Guru Nanak Eye Center
- Maulana Azad Medical College (MAMC)
- New Delhi, India
- Biljana Draganic-Rascanin MD
- Milmedic Clinic
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Gospodar Jevremova 47
- 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Bojan Pajic MD PhD FEBO
- Chairman and Medical Director
- Eye Clinic Orasis and President
- Swiss Eye Research Foundation
- Eye Clinic Orasis, Titlisstrasse 44, 5734
- Reinach, AG Switzerland
- Boris Malyugin MD PhD
- Director
- Department of Cataract and
- Implant Surgery
- Deputy Director General
- S Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery
- Complex State Institution
- 127486, Moscow
- Beskudnikovsky blvd 59A, Russia
- Brigitte Pajic-Eggspuehler MD
- Swiss Eye Research Foundation
- Eye Clinic Orasis
- Titlisstrasse 44, 5734
- Reinach, Switzerland
- CS Dhull MS PhD FIAO
- Director and Senior Professor
- Pt Bhagwat Dayal Sharma
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS)
- Rohtak, Haryana, India
- Dafna Goldenberg MD
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Tel Aviv Medical Center
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Digvijay Singh MD
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
- New Delhi, India
- Dragana Ristic MD
- Milmedic Clinic
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Gospodar Jevremova 47
- 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Ehud I Assia MD
- Director
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Meir General Hospital, Sapir Medical Center
- Kfar Saba, Israel
- Farhad Hafezi MD PhD
- Division of Ophthalmology
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences
- University Hospitals of Geneva
- Switzerland
- Gabor B Scharioth MD
- Aurelios Augenzentrum
- Recklinghausen
- Erlbruch, 34-36
- D-45657, Recklinghausen
- Germany
- Ignacio Flores-Moreno MD PhD
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Castilla La Mancha University
- Albacete, Spain
- Inaki Flores-Moreno MD PhD
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Castilla La Mancha University
- Albacete, Spain
- Iraklis Vastardis MD
- Swiss Eye Research Foundation
- Eye Clinic, ORASIS
- Titlisstrasse 44
- 5734, Reinach, Switzerland
- Ivan Drozdov MD
- S Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery
- Complex, State Institution
- 127486 Moscow, Beskudnikovsky blvd 59A, Russia
- James Osher MD
- Vitreoretinal Fellow
- Retina Group of Washington
- USA
- Javier Antonio Montero MD
- Department of Ophthalmology
- San Carlos University Hospital
- Madrid, Spain
- Joao J Nassaralla MD PhD
- Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
- University of Brasilia
- Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon
- Department of Retina and Vitreous
- Goiania Eye Institute
- Goiania, GO, Brazil
- Jorge L Alio MD PhD
- Professor and Chairman of Ophthalmology
- Medical Director
- VISSUM, Instituto Oftalmológico de Alicante
- Avda de Denia S/n 03016
- Alicante, Spain
- Jorge Ruiz-Medrano MD
- Department of Ophthalmology
- San Carlos University Hospital
- Madrid, Spain
- Jose Maria Ruiz-Moreno MD PhD
- Professor
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Albacete Medical School
- University of Castilla La Mancha
- Avenida de Almansa 14
- 02006, Albacete, Spain
- Lalit Verma MD PhD
- Director
- Retina Management Group
- Center for Sight, Group of Hospitals
- B-524, Safdarjung Enclave (Opp. Deer Park)
- New Delhi, India
- Larissa Stival MD
- Goiania Eye Institute
- Goiania, GO, Brazil
- Manisha Rathi MS
- Professor
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS)
- Rohtak, Haryana, India
- Marko Kontic MD
- Milmedic Clinic
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Gospodar Jevremova 47, 11000
- Belgrade, Serbia
- Miguel Hage Amaro MD
- Director
- The Eye and Laser Institute of Belem
- Brazil
- Mirko Resan MD
- Milmedic Clinic
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Gospodar Jevremova 47, 11000
- Belgrade, Serbia
- Miroslav Vukosavljevic MD PhD
- Swiss Eye Research Foundation
- Eye Clinic, ORASIS
- Titlisstrasse 44
- 5734, Reinach, Switzerland
- Neeraj Sanduja MS
- Director
- Fellow Vitreoretina (Sankara Nethralaya)
- Visiting Fellow-Pediatric Retina (Michigan, USA)
- Delhi Retina Center, New Delhi, India
- Nenad Petrovic MD
- Milmedic Clinic
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Gospodar Jevremova 47, 11000
- Belgrade, Serbia
- Noa Geffen MD
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Meir Medical Center
- Ein-Tal Eye Center
- Kfar Saba, Israel
- Nur Acar MD FEBO
- Associate Professor
- Retinal Diseases and Vitreoretinal
- Surgery, World Eye Hospital
- Etiler, Besiktas
- Istanbul, Turkey
- Prateek Gujar MS
- Ratan Jyoti Netralaya
- 18, Vikas Nagar, Near Sai Baba Temple
- Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Pelin Kaynak MD
- Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division
- Istanbul Beyoglu Eye Research Hospital
- Istanbul, Turkey
- Purendra Bhasin MS
- Chairman and Medical Director
- Ratan Jyoti Netralaya
- 18, Vikas Nagar, Near Sai Baba Temple
- Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Rohit Saxena MD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Strabismus
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
- New Delhi, India
- Saurabh Luthra MS FMRF
- Fellow, Sankara Nethralaya,
- Chennai Retina Fellow
- University of California
- Irvine, USA
- Director and Specialist - Vitreoretinal Surgery and Uvea
- Drishti Eye Institute
- 9-B, Astley Hall
- Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Shrutanjoy Mohan Das MS
- Fellow, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya
- Guwahati, Assam, India
- Fellow, Aravind Eye Hospital
- Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Vitreoretinal Surgeon
- Drishti Eye Institute
- Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Slobodanka Latinovic MD PhD
- Eye Hospital VIDAR-ORASIS Swiss
- University of Novi Sad
- Faculty of Physics
- Novi Sad, Serbia
- Sumit Sachdeva MS
- Associate Professor
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS)
- Rohtak, Haryana, India
- T Mark Johnson MD FRCS
- Consultant, Vitreoretinal Surgeon
- National Retina Institute
- Suite 101, 5530 Wisconsin Ave
- Chevy Chase 20815, USA
I congratulate Professor Ashok Garg for coming up with this concept for an OCT book on both the anterior and posterior segment. There have been many times on posterior segment OCT but not so many on anterior segment OCT.
Whilst clinical acumen is still a critical component of the ophthalmologists’ makeup, relevant ancillary investigations like OCT imaging are becoming increasingly indispensable. OCT imaging of the macula for example is becoming the norm for many cataract surgeons as well as being a mainstay of retinal specialists. Corneal and glaucoma surgeons are similarly finding that anterior segment OCT to view the angle structures and intracorneal architecture are very useful.
OCT imaging is a rapidly developing field and it is very timely that Professor Garg has put this book out now. The comprehensive coverage of almost every imaginable clinical situation that OCT can be applied to is most useful and he has recruited a stellar international cast of authors to do this.
This book will be an invaluable addition to all ophthalmic libraries.
Ronald Yeoh FRCS FRCOphth DO FAMS
Secretary, APACRS
Consultant Eye Surgeon and Medical Director
Eye and Retina Surgeons
#13-03 Camden Medical Center
One Orchard Boulevard
Singapore
Tel: +65 67382000
Fax: +65 67382111
15Foreword
Rapid advancements in ophthalmic imaging technologies have suddenly open up many previously unforeseen possibilities and opportunities in the investigation and management of various important ophthalmic diseases, of both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Ocular coherence tomography (OCT) is no doubt one of the most widely available and applied ophthalmic imaging technologies in recent times. The first in vivo image of the human eye using the principle of white-light interferometry was presented by AF Fercher in 1990. Since then, OCT technology has rapidly matured and offered ever-increasing resolution, image quality, and greater ease of use.
Today, OCT technology allows the imaging and quantification of ocular tissue parameters, as well as abnormal lesions, and has found applications in corneal disorders, refractive and cataract surgeries, drainage angle imaging, retinal, choroidal, and macular diseases, and diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma. Increasingly, OCT is also finding applications in neuro-ophthalmological conditions, and even in oculoplastic surgery. With technological advancements, new data from well-designed clinical studies, and even better analysis software, the future possibilities and potential for OCT are practically limitless.
It is my greatest pleasure to congratulate Dr Ashok Garg for assembling such a stellar collection of editors and contributors, to produce this very up-to-date textbook Anterior and Posterior Segment OCT: Current Technology and Future Applications. The accompanying video DVD-ROM makes it very easy for the readers to quickly grasp important concepts, and to appreciate the beauty and usefulness of this exciting technology. I have no doubt this important textbook will help educate many generations of ophthalmologists, bringing great benefits to patients worldwide.
Clement CY Tham
MA(Cantab) BM Bch(Oxon) FRCS(Glasgow) FCS(HK) FCOphth(HK) FHKAM (Ophthalmology)
SH Ho Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Honorary Chief-of-Service, Hong Kong Eye Hospital
Director, CUHK Eye Center
Secretary General, Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology (APAO)
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong Eye Hospital
147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong
e-mail: clemtham@cuhk.edu.hk
17Preface
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive objective ocular imaging technology providing cross-sectional images of the in vivo tissues at a micrometer resolution scale.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was first reported of its use in ophthalmology by Puliafito and Fujimoto in 1991. Since its advent, it is one of the most useful devices in ophthalmic clinical practice. Over years, the clinical applications of OCT have improved dramatically in precision and specificity. As the resolution of OCT has been getting more and more refined and sophisticated specially with spatially encoded spectral domain OCT, intraoperative Fourier domain OCT, swept OCT, confocal or full-field OCT and TD-OCT, the identification, detection, localization and quantification of tissues has become more reliable and superior. OCT has now wider applications both in anterior and posterior segments diagnostics and intraoperative providing outcomes for the eye surgeons.
The present comprehensive book on OCT has been planned and prepared to cover all current and futuristic applications of OCT in ophthalmology. The 31 chapters of this book cover more anterior and posterior segments indication of OCT including cataract and refractive surgery, phakic lens, glaucoma, oculoplasty, corneal conditions, keratoplasty, neuro-ophthalmology and retinal disorders. International experts of the field and shared their experiences in form of chapters in this book nicely. The special attraction of the book is interactive video DVD showing intraoperative use of OCT with various clinical conditions not available elsewhere.
We are highly thankful to Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director), Mr Tarun Duneja (Director-Publishing) and all staff members of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, who took keen interest in the speedy completion of this project.
We expect this comprehensive book on OCT shall serve as Ready Reckoner for the Anterior and Posterior Segment surgeons to refresh and fine tune their surgical and diagnostics skills.
Editors