Index

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Neurological Diseases in Tropics Rakesh K Gupta, Sunil Kumar

SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:Overview of Tropical Diseases of Central Nervous System
- INTRODUCTION
- BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
- VIRAL INFECTIONS
- PARASITIC INFECTIONS
- FUNGAL INFECTIONS
  - Cryptococcosis
- NONINFECTIVE CONDITIONS IN TROPICS
  - Stroke in Tropics
- TOXINS AND POISONING
- NONMULTIPLE SCLEROSIS DEMYELINATION
- NUTRITIONAL IMAGING MANIFESTATIONS IN CNS
- HIRAYAMA DISEASE
- PARAINFECTIOUS MYELITIS
  - Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
  - Acute Transverse Myelitis
- IMAGING IN EPILEPSY
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 2:Epidemiology of Tropical Diseases Involving Central Nervous System
- INTRODUCTION
- AMEBIASIS
- JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
- NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS
- MALARIA
- MENINGITIS
- TOXOCARIASIS
- TOXOPLASMOSIS
- TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS
  - Tropical Ataxic Neuropathy and HTLV-1-associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
  - HTLV-1-associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
- TUBERCULOSIS
SECTION TWO: MAGNETIC RESONANCE TECHNIQUE
CHAPTER 3:Magnetic Resonance Imaging Principles
- BASIC PRINCIPLES OF (NUCLEAR) MAGNETIC RESONANCE
- OVERVIEW OF INSTRUMENTATION
  - MRI Scanner Sensitivity and Environmental Considerations
- MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING SYSTEM—BASIC SETUP
- IMAGING TECHNIQUES
CHAPTER 4:Magnetization Transfer Imaging and Its Clinical Applications
- INTRODUCTION
- PHYSICAL BASIS OF MAGNETIZATION TRANSFER
- APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIZATION TRANSFER IN NEUROSCIENCES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5:Basic Principles of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- INTRODUCTION
- MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY LOCALIZATION
  - Single Voxel Spectroscopy
    - Stimulated Echo Acquisition Mode
    - Point-resolved Spectroscopy
  - Multivoxel Spectroscopy
    - Chemical Shift Imaging
    - Volume-selective Chemical Shift Imaging
- COMPARISON OF CHEMICAL SHIFT IMAGING AND SINGLE VOXEL SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUE
CHAPTER 6:Diffusion Imaging—Basic Principles
- INTRODUCTION
- BASICS OF DIFFUSION
- DIFFUSION MEASUREMENTS WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE
- DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED IMAGING
- DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING
- BEYOND DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING
- DIFFUSION MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING PULSE SEQUENCE
- ARTIFACTS
  - Eddy Current Artifacts
  - Motion Artifacts
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 7:Basic Principles and Clinical Applications of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- INTRODUCTION
- BIOPHYSICAL BASIS OF BOLD FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
- DATA ACQUISITION
- DESIGN OF FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING EXPERIMENTS
- FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING SET-UP
- FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING PARADIGMS
- DATA ANALYSIS
- CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 8:Postprocessing Tools for Magnetic Resonance Quantification
- INTRODUCTION
- FIRST-PASS ANALYSIS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
SECTION THREE: INFECTIONS IN TROPICS
CHAPTER 9:Tuberculosis
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- CRANIAL TUBERCULOSIS
- SPINAL
  - Intraspinal Tuberculosis
    - Tuberculosis Myelitis
    - Dural and Subdural Pathology
  - Tuberculous Spondylitis
- THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE ASSESSMENT
CHAPTER 10:Brain Abscess
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- IMAGING
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT AND FOLLOW-UP
CHAPTER 11:Nontubercular Bacterial Infections
- INTRODUCTION
- PYOGENIC MENINGITIS
  - Imaging in Pyogenic Meningitis
  - Complications of Pyogenic Meningitis
- OTHER CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
  - Sellar Abscess
- PYOGENIC INFECTIONS OF THE SPINE
- NONTUBERCULOUS BACTERIAL GRANULOMATOUS INFECTIONS
CHAPTER 12:Viral Infections
- INTRODUCTION
- HERPES ENCEPHALITIS
- ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS
- LYSSAVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS (RABIES)
- MEASLES ENCEPHALITIS
  - Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
- NIPAH ENCEPHALITIS
- MUMPS ENCEPHALITIS
- ENTEROVIRAL ENCEPHALITIS
- HUMAN PARECHOVIRUSES ENCEPHALITIS
- CHIKUNGUNYA ENCEPHALOMYELORADICULITIS
- HANTAVIRUS
- ADENOVIRUSES
- ROTAVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS
- PRIONS PROTEIN DISEASE
- SWINE INFLUENZA
CHAPTER 13:Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Related Conditions
- INTRODUCTION TO CNS COMPLICATIONS OF HIV INFECTION
- HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION IN THE TROPICS
- OPPORTUNISTIC CNS INFECTIONS IN HIV INFECTION
- OTHER CNS MANIFESTATIONS OF HIV INFECTION
- SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROIMAGING OF HIV PATIENTS IN THE TROPICS
  - Pediatrics
  - Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 14:Fungal Infections
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- CRANIAL INFECTION
- SPINAL INFECTIONS
CHAPTER 15:Neurocysticercosis
- INTRODUCTION
- PARENCHYMAL NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS
  - Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques
- ADVANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING TECHNIQUES
- INTRAVENTRICULAR NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS
- SUBARACHNOID NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS
- SPINAL CYSTICERCOSIS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 16:Parasitic Diseases
- INTRODUCTION
- PARAGONIMIASIS
- SPARGANOSIS
- ECHINOCOCCOSIS
  - Intracerebral Hydatid Disease
  - Spinal Hydatid Disease
- AMOEBIC BRAIN ABSCESS
- CEREBRAL MALARIA
- MISCELLANEOUS PARASITIC INFECTIONS
SECTION FOUR: NONINFECTIVE CONDITIONS IN TROPICS
CHAPTER 17:Stroke in Tropics
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STROKE IN TROPICS
- INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF STROKE IN TROPICS
- NONINFECTIOUS CAUSES OF STROKE IN TROPICS
- IMAGING EVALUATION OF ACUTE STROKE
- ROLE OF ADVANCED NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES IN INFECTIOUS STROKE
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
CHAPTER 18:Neuroimaging in Toxins and Poisoning
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL SYMPTOMATOLOGY
- RECREATIONAL DRUG ABUSE
- THERAPEUTIC DRUGS
- METABOLIC
- OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS
- BIOLOGICAL TOXINS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 19:Nonmultiple Sclerosis Demyelinating Diseases
- INTRODUCTION
- DEVIC'S NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA
- BALÓ'S CONCENTRIC SCLEROSIS
- ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
- SCHILDER'S DISEASE
- MARBURG DISEASE
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 20:Hirayama Disease
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL FEATURES
  - Minipolymyoclonus
  - Autonomic Features
- ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
- SPINAL CORD IMAGING
  - Forearm and Hand Imaging
- MUSCLE BIOPSY
  - Other Laboratory Tests
- ETIOPATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY
- DIAGNOSIS
- SYMMETRICAL HIRAYAMA DISEASE
- TREATMENT
- PROGNOSIS AND DISABILITY
CHAPTER 21:Acute Transverse Myelopathy
- INTRODUCTION
- DEMYELINATING MYELOPATHY
- VASCULAR MYELOPATHY
- INFECTIOUS MYELOPATHY
- PARANEOPLASTIC MYELOPATHY
  - Radiation Associated Myelopathy
- MIMICS OF ACUTE TRANSVERSE MYELOPATHY
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 22:Imaging in Epilepsy
- INTRODUCTION
- AIMS AND RATIONALE OF NEUROIMAGING
- INDICATIONS OF NEUROIMAGING IN EPILEPSY
  - Indications for Repeat Neuroimaging
- IMAGING TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED
- IMAGING IN IDIOPATHIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY
  - Imaging in Generalized Epilepsy Syndromes
- IMAGING IN SYMPTOMATIC PARTIAL EPILEPSY
- IMAGING IN CNS INFECTIONS
- IMAGING IN STATUS EPILEPTICUS
- LIMITATIONS OF NEUROIMAGING
- ROLE OF NEUROIMAGING IN UNDERSTANDING OF EPILEPTOGENESIS
- ROLE ON NEUROIMAGING IN EPILEPSY SURGERY
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 23:Ring Enhancing Lesions—A Diagnostic Approach
- INTRODUCTION
- MAGNETIC RESONANCE TECHNIQUES
- CAUSES OF RING ENHANCING LESIONS
  - Infections and Inflammatory Conditions
  - Neoplasms
    - Primary Neoplasm-Primary CNS Lymphoma
    - Metastasis
- ALGORITHM

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Chapter Notes