Jaypee Brothers
In Current Chapter
In All Chapters
X
Clear
X
GO
Normal
Sepia
Dark
Default Style
Font Style 1
Font Style 2
Font Style 3
Less
Normal
More
Manual of Laboratory Safety
Ramnik Sood, Najat Rashid
CHAPTER ONE:
Biosafety
INTRODUCTION
LABORATORY BIOSAFETY
Biosafety Level 1
Biosafety Level 2
Biosafety Level 3
Biosafety Level 4
MICROBIOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT
Specimens for which there is Limited Information
Some Information may be Available to Assist in Determining the Risk of Handling these Specimens
Emergency Procedures in Microbiological Laboratories
Puncture Wounds, Cuts and Abrasions
Ingestion of Potentially Infectious Material
Potentially Infectious Aerosol Release (Outside a Biological Safety Cabinet)
Broken Containers and Spilled Infectious Substances
Breakage of Tubes Containing Potentially Infectious Material in Centrifuges not having Sealable Buckets
Breakage of Tubes Inside Sealable Buckets (Safety Cups)
LABORATORIES BIOSAFETY LEVELS
Code of Practice
Access
Personal Protection
Procedures
Laboratory Working Areas
Biosafety Management
Laboratory Design and Facilities
Laboratory Equipment
Essential Biosafety Equipment
Guidelines for the Surveillance of Laboratory Workers Handling Microorganisms at Biosafety Level 1
Guidelines for the Surveillance of Laboratory Workers Handling Microorganisms at Biosafety Level 2
Training
Waste Handling
Decontamination
Handling and Disposal Procedures for Contaminated Materials and Wastes
Sharps
Contaminated Materials for Autoclaving and Reuse
Contaminated Materials for Disposal
Biosafety Level 3 (The Containment Laboratory)
The Major Additions and Changes
Code of Practice
Laboratory Design and Facilities
Laboratory Equipment
Biosafety Level 4 (The Maximum Containment Laboratory)
Code of Practice
Laboratory Design and Facilities
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND CLOTHING
Laboratory Coats, Gowns, Coveralls, Aprons
Goggles, Safety Spectacles, Face Shields
Respirators
PROCEDURE OF PUTTING ON PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Laboratory coats, gowns, coveralls
Respiratory protection
Goggles or face shield
Disposable gloves
PROCEDURE OF REMOVAL OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Gloves
Laboratory coats, gowns, coveralls
Goggles or face shield
Respiratory protection
LABORATORY ANIMAL FACILITIES
Animal Facility—Biosafety Level 1
Animal Facility—Biosafety Level 2
Animal Facility—Biosafety Level 3
Animal Facility—Biosafety Level 4
Invertebrates
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
Biological Safety Cabinets
Class I Biological Safety Cabinet
Class II Biological Safety Cabinets
Class II Type A1 Biological Safety Cabinet
Class II Type A2 Vented to the Outside, B1 and B2 Biological Safety Cabinets
Class III Biological Safety Cabinet
Biological Safety Cabinet Air Connections
Selection of a Biological Safety Cabinet
Using Biological Safety Cabinets in the Laboratory
Location
Material Placement
Ultraviolet Lights
Spills
Cleaning and Disinfection
Decontamination
Negative-Pressure Flexible-Film Isolators
Pipetting Aids
LABORATORY BIOSECURITY
LABORATORY TECHNIQUES
Safe Handling of Specimens in the Laboratory
Specimen Containers
Transport of Specimens within the Facility
Receipt of Specimens
Opening Packages
Use of Pipettes and Pipetting Aids
Avoiding the Dispersal of Infectious Materials
Use of Biological Safety Cabinets
Avoiding Ingestion of Infectious Materials and Contact with Skin and Eyes
Avoiding Injection of Infectious Materials
Separation of Serum
Use of Centrifuges
Use of Homogenizers, Shakers, Blenders and Sonicators
Use of Tissue Grinders
Care and Use of Refrigerators and Freezers
Opening of Ampoules Containing Lyophilized Infectious Materials
Ampoules Opening Procedure
Storage of Ampoules Containing Infectious Materials
Collection, Labeling and Transport of Specimens
Opening Specimen Tubes and Sampling Contents
Films and Smears for Microscopy
Automated Equipment (Sonicators, Vortex Mixers)
Tissues
Decontamination
Precautions with Materials that may Contain Prions
PACKING AND TRANSPORTATION OF INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES
Infectious Substances
Marking and Labeling
The Triple Packaging System
Spill Clean-up Procedure
BIOSAFETY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biosafety Considerations for Biological Expression Systems
Biosafety Considerations for Expression Vectors
Viral Vectors for Gene Transfer
Transgenic and “Knock-Out” Animals
Transgenic Plants
Risk-Assessments for Genetically Modified Organisms
Hazards Arising Directly from the Inserted Gene (Donor Organism)
Hazards Associated with the Recipient/Host
Hazards Arising from the Alteration of Existing Pathogenic Traits
Further Considerations
DISINFECTION AND STERILIZATION
Definitions
Antimicrobial
Antiseptic
Biocide
Chemical Germicide
Decontamination
Disinfectant
Disinfection
Microbicide
Sporocide
Sterilization
Cleaning Laboratory Materials
Local Environmental Decontamination
Decontamination of Biological Safety Cabinets
Handwashing/Hand Decontamination
How to Perform Handwashing
Improper Handwashing
Heat Disinfection and Sterilization
Autoclaving
Gravity Displacement Autoclave
Loading Autoclaves
Precautions in the Use of Autoclaves
Incineration
Disposal
THE BIOSAFETY OFFICER AND BIOSAFETY COMMITTEE
Biosafety Officer
Biosafety Committee
Immunization of Staff
EMERGENCY SERVICES: WHOM TO CONTACT
CHAPTER TWO:
Chemical Hazard
INTRODUCTION
CHEMICAL SAFETY LEVELS
CHEMICAL SAFETY SYMBOLS
Poisonous
Corrosive
Explosive
Flammable or Extremely Flammable
Irritant or Harmful
Oxidizing Chemical
Poisonous Gas
Miscellaneous Danger
Poison
Flammable Solid
Stow Away from Foodstuffs
Dangerous when Wet
Flammable Gas
Non-Flammable Gas
Organic Peroxide
Corrosive
Inhalation Hazard
Explosive
Spontaneously Combustible
Flammable Liquid
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Personal Safety
Safety with Chemicals and Dissecting Specimens
CHEMICAL STORAGE
Basic Legal Requirements
Chemical Storage Facilities
CHEMICAL STORAGE GROUPS
Storage Group Definitions
Storage Recommendations
Chemical Inventory
Safeguard Against Theft
Chemical Spills in the Laboratory
The Following Actions should be Taken in the Event of a Significant Chemical Spill
Chemical Spills on a Person
Swallowing Chemicals
Material Safety Data Sheets
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
Transport
International Regulatory Bodies
International Civil Aviation Organization — International Air Transport Association
International Maritime Organization — International Maritime Dangerous Goods
International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
DISPOSAL OF CHEMICAL WASTE
Designate a Hazardous Waste Storage Area
Select Appropriate Containers
Dry, Solid Waste
Empty Containers that Once Held Hazardous Chemicals
Guidelines for “Unknowns” or Unidentified Chemical Waste
Storage Time and Quantity Limits Before Waste must be Collected
CHAPTER THREE:
Radioactive Materials Hazard
INTRODUCTION
The Major Types of Radiation
RADIOACTIVE SYMBOL
RADIATION MEASUREMENTS
System International (SI) of Units
The Conversion from One System to Another is Simple
Radioactive Substances Hazards
Low Level Contamination
High Level Contamination
Biological Effects
General Safety Precautions
PERSONAL SAFETY
Laboratory Coat and Apron
Gloves
Footwear
Eye and Face Protection
Respiratory Protection
Personal Monitoring
Radiation Protection Dosimetry
RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL STORAGE
Radiation Spill Response
Minor Radiation Spill
Major Radiation Spill
Radioactive Material Waste Processing
Liquid Scintillation Vials and Cocktail Waste
Packaging
Types of Packaging
Labels
TRANSPORTATION
Types of Shipments
Route of Transportation
CHAPTER FOUR:
Biosafety—Healthcare-associated Infections and Biocides
MICROORGANISMS
Pathogens
Right Biocide
DISINFECTION
STERILIZATION
BIOCIDES
Disinfectants
Antiseptics
BIOFILM
PRIONS
DRUG/BIOCIDE RESISTANCE
EFFLUX MECHANISM
TYPES OF BIOCIDES
I. Alcohols
II. Aldehydes
III. Biguanides
IV. Phenols
V. Bisphenols
VI. Halogens
Iodine Compounds
VII. Heavy Metals
VIII. Peroxygens
IX. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
SITES OF ACTION OF DIFFERENT BIOCIDES
SITES OF ACTION OF BIOSHIELDS PRODUCTS
BIOSAFETY PRODUCTS OF BIOSHIELDS FOR HOSPITALS AND LABORATORIES
Skin
Infection
Community Acquired Infections
Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI) or Nosocomial Infections
Surgical Site Infections (SSI)
Skin Needs to be Disinfected
Transient Flora
Resident Flora
Transmission of Pathogens
PHLEBOTOMY
INJECTA™
HAND DISINFECTION
Hand Hygiene is Required
Before
After
Handwash v/s Handrub
Environment and Surface Disinfection
LABORATORY GLASSWARE CLEANING AND DISINFECTION
LABCLENZ™
Composition
Directions for Use
CHAPTER FIVE:
Healthcare Facilities: Waste Management
WASTE CLASSIFICATIONS
Non-Medical Waste (or Non-Hazardous Waste)
Medical Waste (Hazardous Waste)
Biohazard Symbol
Segregation and Color Coding of Clinical Waste
Group A
Color Code
Packaging
Symbol
Group B
Colour Code
Packaging
Symbol
Group C
Color Code
Packaging
Symbol
Group D
Color Code
Packaging
Symbol
Group E
Color Code
Packaging
Symbol
Group F
Color Code
Packaging
Symbol
Group G
Color Code
Packaging
Symbol
Group H
Color Code
Packaging
Symbol
Group I
Color Code
Packaging
Symbol
Group L
Color Code
Packaging
Symbol
Group S
Color Code
Packaging
Symbol
MANAGEMENT OF REUSABLE INSTRUMENTS
Handling
Bag Filling
Medical Waste Labeling
Medical Waste Storage
Interim Storage
Interim Storage Area Requirements
Characteristics of Medical Waste Storage Areas atHealth Care Facilities
Medical Waste Collection
Medical Wards
Operating Rooms and Surgical Wards
Laboratories
Pharmaceutical and Chemical Stores
Support Units
General Waste Collection Requirements
Medical Waste Transportation
Transport Vehicles and Containers
Medical Waste Treatment
Incineration Treatment
Autoclave Treatment
Chemical Disinfection with Grinding Treatment
Microwave Treatment
Irradiation Treament
Encapsulation Treatment
Sanitary Landfill or Waste Burial Pit Treatment
Medical Waste Disposal
Disposal of Liquid Medical Waste
Disposal of Hazardous Chemical Waste
Disposal of Dental Waste
Amalgam
Amalgam Separators
Dental Unused Film
Lead
Dental Used X-ray Fixer
Dental X-ray Film
Lead Foil
Developer
Cleaners for Developer Systems
Traps and Filters
Reusable Traps
Used Linen Managment
Management of Reusable Instruments
STAFF PROTECTION MEASURES
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Personal Hygiene
Handwash
Vaccination
Bibliography
INDEX
TOC
Index
×
Chapter Notes
Save
Clear
