First the short functional anatomy of blood vessels and heart are described. Then common diseases of blood vessels like arteriosclerosis, atheroma, fatty streak, atherosclerosis and their etiopathogenesis, risk factors, prevention, morphology and microscopic features of atheromatous plaque and complications are mentioned. Common and important diseases of heart, both congenital and acquired like rheumatic heat diseases, ischemic heart disease, endocarditis, cardiomyopathy, pericarditis along with their etiopathology, risk factors, clinical presentation, complications and laboratory diagnosis, gross and microscopic features of important associated finding like Aschoff nodule are described. Causes of heart failure, types, etiology, clinical presentation are mentioned. The most common heart disease, i.e. myocardial infarction, its clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis, complications, gross and microscopic features, biochemical markers are described in details.