Index

Mahajan & Gupta Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine Rabindra Nath Roy, Indranil Saha

PART I:: GENERAL
1:Evolution of Preventive and Social Medicine
- Historical Background
- Public Health, Preventive Medicine, Social Medicine and Community Medicine
2:Basic Concepts in Community Medicine
- Why to Study Community Medicine?
- Concepts of Health
- Determinants of Health
- Indicators of Health
  - Characteristics of an Indicator
  - Types of Indicators
    - VITAL INDICATORS
    - BEHAVIORAL INDICATORS
- Concepts of Disease
  - Nature of Disease
  - Cause of Disease
- Concepts of Prevention
PART II:: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD
3:Epidemiological Approach in Preventive and Social Medicine
- Concept of Epidemiology
- Definition of Epidemiology
- The Epidemiological Triad
- The Host
  - The Environment
- Web of Causation
- Epidemiological Wheel
- Natural History of Disease
- Epidemiological Studies
- Aim and Objectives of Epidemiology
- Clinical vs Epidemiological Approach
- Applications and Uses of Epidemiology17
4:General Epidemiology
- Definition
- Types of Epidemiological study
  - Experimental Study (Interventional study)
  - Types of Evaluative study
- Study design
- COHORT STUDY (FOLLOW-UP STUDY)
- Types of Therapeutic or Clinical Trials
5:Physical Environment: Air
- Air
  - Factors Affecting Atmospheric Environment
- Physical Agents in Atmosphere
  - Acclimatization to Physical Agents in the Air
- Chemical Agents in Atmosphere
- Biological Agents in Atmosphere
- Ventilation
6:Physical Environment: Water
- Sources of Water
  - Water Cycle
- Water Supply and Quantitative Standards
- Water Quality and Qualitative Standards8,9
- Special Treatments in Water Purification
- Swimming Pool Hygiene
- Water Problem in India
7:Physical Environment: Housing
- Types of Soil
- Soil and Health
- Housing
  - Rural Housing
  - Urban Housing
- Harmful Effects of Improper Housing
- Recent Trends in Housing
8:Physical Environment: Wastes and their Disposal
- Wastes and Health
- Recycling of Wastes
  - Refuse or Solid Waste
  - Sullage
- Refuse Disposal
- Excreta Disposal
- Sewerage System
- Sullage Disposal
9:Physical Environment: Place of Work or Occupation (Occupational Health)
- Physicochemical Agents
- Physical Agents
- Effects on Gastrointestinal Tract
- Biological and Social Factors
  - Biological Agents
  - Social Factors
- Offensive Trades and Occupations
- Occupational Diseases and Hazards
- Prevention of Occupational Diseases
  - Rehabilitation
- Occupational Health Legislation
- Factories Act, 1948
- The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948
- Worker Absenteeism
  - Some New Initiatives
10:Environmental Pollution
- Air Pollution
- Water Pollution
- Soil and Land Pollution
  - Types of Soil Pollution
- Radioactive Pollution
- Thermal Pollution
  - Global Warming
    - DIFFERENT GREEN HOUSE GASES1
    - IMPLICATIONS
- Noise Pollution5
  - Levels of Noise6
    - NOISE TRAUMA AND ITS PREVENTION7
11:Biological Environment
- Rodents
- Arthropods
- Insect Control
12:Social Environment
- Social Sciences
  - Sociology
  - Society
- Cultural Anthropology
- Social Psychology
- Economics
- Political Science
- Social Environment and Health
13:Health and Law
- Laws Related to Health
- Law and the Rural Masses
14:Host Factors and Health
- Age, Sex, Marital Status and Race
- Physical State of the Body
- Psychological State and Personality
- Genetic Constitution
- Defense Mechanisms
- Nutritional Status
  - Nutrition and Immune Response
- Habits and Lifestyle
15:General Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases
16:Respiratory Infections
- Nonspecific Viral Infections
- Specific Viral Infections
- Nonspecific Bacterial Infections
  - Pneumonias (ICD-J18.9)
    - VACCINES
  - Streptococcal Sore Throat (ICD-J02.0)
- Specific Bacterial Infections
- Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme 19,20
17:Water and Food-borne (Alimentary) Infections
- Cholera and Diarrhea
  - Cholera (ICD A00.9)
  - Diarrhea (ICD-A0.9)
- Food Poisoning
- Enteric Fevers
  - Typhoid (1CD-A01.0)
  - Paratyphoid Fevers (ICD-A01.4)
- Brucellosis (ICD-A23.9) (Undulent Fever, Malta Fever)
- Bacillary Dysentery or Shigellosis (ICD-A03.9)
- Amebiasis (ICD-A06.9)
- Giardiasis (ICD-A07.1)
- Balantidiasis (ICD-A07.0)
- Viral Hepatitis (ICD—B15-B19)
- Poliomyelitis (ICD-A80.9)
18:Contact Diseases
- Leprosy (ICD-A30.9)
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases or Venereal Diseases
- National STD Control Program
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) [ICD-B24]
- Immunity
- Immunopathology
- National AIDS Control Program
- Trachoma (ICD-A71.9)
- Fungus Infections
19:Arthropod-borne Diseases
- Malaria (ICD-B54)
- Filariasis (ICP-B74.9)
- Arboviruses
- Yellow Fever (ICD-A95.9)
- Dengue (ICD-A90)
- Chikungunya Fever (ICD-A92.0)
- Japanese Encephalitis (ICD-A83.0)
- Sandfly Fever (ICD-A93.1) (Pappataci Fever)
  - Identification
- Leishmaniasis (ICD-B55.9)
  - Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar or Black Fever)
  - Local Leishmaniasis
- Plague (ICD-A20.9)
- Kyasanur Forest Disease (ICD-A98.2)
- Epidemic Typhus (Louse borne Typhus) (ICD-A75.0)
- Trench Fever (ICD-A79.0)
- Scrub Typhus (Tsutsugamushi fever) (ICD-A75.3)
- Tick Typhus (ICD-A77.9) (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
- Relapsing Fever (ICD-A68.9)
20:Miscellaneous Zoonoses, Other Infections and Emerging Infections
- Miscellaneous Zoonoses
- Other Infections
  - Tetanus (1CD-A33, A34, A35)
  - Emerging Infections1
21:Epidemiology of Noncommunicable Diseases
- Cancer
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Accidents
- Blindness
- Disease Surveillance
- Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)
  - Adaptation of IMCI to IMNCI in India
  - Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI)
22:Food and Nutrition
- Epidemiological Aspects
- Nutrients and Proximate Principles of Food
- Food and Food Groups
- Preservation of Foods and Conservation of Nutrients
- Diet Standards and Diet Planning
- National Nutrition Programs
- Food Hygiene
  - Food-borne or Food-related Diseases
    - PREVENTION AND CONTROL
- National Nutrition Policy
PART III:: HEALTH STATISTICS, RESEARCH AND DEMOGRAPHY
23:Biostatistics
- Presentation of Statistics
  - Tabulation
  - Drawings
- Variability and Error
  - Variability
  - Errors
- Analysis and Interpretation of Data
- Sampling
  - Characteristics of a Random or Representative Sample
  - Methods of Selecting a Random Sample
- Sampling Variations
- Tests of Significance
24:Research Methodology
- Purpose of Research and Broad Areas of Research
  - Exploratory Research
  - Observational Research
- Research Approaches in Public Health
  - Quantitative Research Methods
  - Qualitative Research Methods
- Case Studies
- Surveys
- Designing Research Protocol
- Ethical Considerations in Research
  - Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on Human Subjects
25:Demography and Vital Statistics
- Demography
- Vital Statistics
- Interpretation, Conclusions, and Recommendations
PART IV:: HEALTH CARE AND SERVICES
26:Health Planning, Administration and Management
- Health Planning
- Health Administration and Management
- Government Health Organization in India
- National Health Policy
  - Comments about National Health Policy
    - REVISED DRAFT NATIONAL POLICY
  - National Health Policy-2001
- Health and Development
27:Health Economics
- Basic Concepts
- Some Practical Considerations
28:Health Care of the Community
- World Health Day 2009: Make Hospitals Safe in Emergencies
- Imbalance in Health Care and its Causes
- Health Problems in India
- Health Care
  - Levels of Health Care
  - Primary Health Care
    - CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
    - COMPONENTS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
- Rural Primary Health Care
- National Health Programs
  - Appendix
    - RECOMMENDATIONS OF ALMA ATA CONFERENCE21
29:Information, Education, Communication and Training in Health
- Definitions and Concepts
- Role and Need of Health Education and Promotion
- Objectives of Health Education and Promotion
- The Process of Change in Behavior
- Principles of Health Education5
- Communication in Health Education and Training5
  - Principles of Communication
- Education and Training Methodology
  - Systems Approach
- Planning of Health Education
- Levels of Health Education
- Experience and Examples of Health Education
- Child to Child Program
- Education and Training System in Health and FW Institutions
- IEC Training Scheme
- Social Marketing
  - Elements of Social Marketing
  - Examples of Social Marketing
    - IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
    - IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
30:Maternal and Child Health
- World Health Day 2005: Make Every Mother and Child Count
- Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
- Pediatric Morbidity and Mortality
  - Pediatric Morbidity
  - Pediatric Mortality
- Maternal and Child Health Services
- National Programs for Maternal and Child Health
- Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Program
- National Immunization Program
31:Family Planning and Population Policy
- Scope of Family Planning Services
- Demographic Considerations in Family Planning
- Qualities of a Good Contraceptive
  - Unmet Need
- Methods of Family Planning
- Emergency Contraceptive
- National Family Welfare Program
- National Population Policy
- Social Dimensions of Family Planning and Population Control
32:School Health Services
- Health Status of School Children
- School Health Service in India
- Special Needs of the School Child
- School Health Program
  - Objectives1
  - Components
33:Geriatrics: Care and Welfare of the Aged
- World Health Day 2012: Aging and Health
- The Problems of the Old
- Administrative Aspects
34:Mental Health
- Prevalence of Mental Illness
  - Etiology
- Types of Mental Disorders
- Drug Addiction
- Mental Health Care
- Prevention and Control of Mental Illness
- National Mental Health Program
35:Health Services through General Practitioners
- What is General Practice?
  - General Practice vs Family Medicine
  - General Practice vs Community Medicine
- Components of Family Medicine or General Practice
36:International Health
- Pre-WHO Efforts
- World Health Organization
- Other UN Agencies
- Bilateral Agencies
- Nongovernment Agencies
37:Biomedical Waste Management
- Concept and Definition
- Importance and Nature of Biomedical Waste
- Health Hazards Associated with Poor Hospital Waste Management
  - Role of Disposable and Autodisabled Syringes (AD Syringes)
  - Correct Use of AD Syringes
- Disposal of Biomedical Waste
  - Segregation
  - Storage
- Treatment
- Biomedical Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998
38:Anthrax and Bioterrorism
- Anthrax
- Bioterrorism
  - What is Biological Warfare?
    - WHAT DISEASES POSE THE BIGGEST THREATS?
    - WHAT IS COMPARATIVE THREAT FROM ANTHRAX AND SMALLPOX AS TOOLS OF BIOTERRORISM?
39:Nosocomial Infections*
40:Oral Diseases
- Major Statements
- Oral Cancer
- Oral Precancer
- Oral Mucosal Diseases
  - Smoker's Palate
  - Oral Candidiasis
- Periodontal Disease
- Dental Caries
41:Disaster Management
- World Health Day 2008: Protecting Health from Climate Change
- General Concepts
- Natural Disasters
  - Guiding Principles for Health Sector Flood Management
  - Guiding Principles for Health Sector Drought Management
    - CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR MEDICAL CARE DURING DROUGHT
- Biological Disasters
- Chemical Disasters
- Natural Disaster Management in India
- Disaster Management Structure in India
- Disaster Management Structure in Health Sector
- Non-governmental Organizations
  - Indian Red Cross Society
  - International Day for Disaster Reduction: 14th October

INDEX

TOC
Index

Chapter Notes