Food & Nutrition for Nurses Ruma Singh
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1Food and Nutrition for Nurses
Ruma Singh BHSc, BS (Dietetics, USA), BEd, MSc (F and N) Chief Dietician Christian Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana, Punjab Foreword Abraham G Thomas
2Published by
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
Corporate Office
4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India
Phone: +91-11-43574357, Fax: +91-11-43574314
Offices in India
Overseas Offices
Food and Nutrition for Nurses
© 2012, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author and the publisher.
First Edition: 2012
9789350255698
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed in India
3Dedicated to my Parents
Mrs EC Patel (Late)
and
Mr PSD Patel
For their continuous support
4Foreword
The best of education in USA and India and over 25 years of practical experience in one of the leading Medical College hospitals of North India and teaching experience of students, that is what Mrs. Ruma Singh's short biodata. Her rich experience as a dietician and expert in Nutrition has been put into print in this book Food and Nutrition for Nurses.
I am glad to note that she has structured the effort very well, from basics to requirement of the Community, with keen attention to the changing needs in various disease situations and metabolic demands.
The textbook also has a chapter on Balanced diet and Budgeting of food. The book is concluded with detailed discussion on principles of cooking, food storage and preservation, etc.
I would assess this venture of Ruma Singh as exemplary. I hope the student's response will further add to this rating.
Abraham G. Thomas
MS, MAMS, MCh, FRCS (Glasg), FICS, FAIS, FCAMS
Director
Christian Medical College and Hospital
Ludhiana, Punjab
5Preface
The Science of Nutrition is the subject which is important worldwide but in recent years it is more talked about and discussed in developing countries like India than in developed countries, many thanks to all the authors of all times who by their efforts have brought the subject to such a height that it has become a part of daily inevitable routine and thoughts. A large percentage of people in India are becoming health conscious. We the dieticians have to battle in bringing home the subject to the people who sometimes do not understand the meaning of nutrition or diet because they are illiterate, they are poor and most of them are surviving in poor living conditions. It has, therefore, become obligatory for the dieticians and other health professionals to make an effort so that the subject reaches the masses. This book which is exclusively written for the nursing students is the result of that effort.
The need for a book of Nutrition exclusively for nurses based on the university syllabus was felt long time back but unfortunately students could not get hands to any such book. The idea was conceived when I started teaching the nursing students and saw them preparing from various books instead of one comprehensive book. Advances for a complete and compact document for nursing students were made and information collected and reviewed and in spite of a long gestation period I do hope the final result will be of immense help to these students. The book not only caters to the educational needs of the students, but it also has the supporting materials and study questions for them.
The students will study the root cause of several diseases and how to combat it nutritionally. Students should therefore not only need to grasp the facts but also use the knowledge given in this book in the practical environment. The information acquired by the students will benefit the patients most because nurses spend the maximum time with the patients and serve as a mediator between the patients and the dietitians. A change in the diet pattern is never accepted by the patients, it is the human nature, but nurses, with the help of dietitians and their helpful and pleasing nature, can bring about world of difference in their problems, only if they have the sound knowledge about nutrition. For example, the nutritional status of a patient may be very good or adequate but it gets affected by the disease conditions, this in turn changes the dietary pattern also. Thus, the patient may find it difficult to cope up with the problem and at this point the knowledge of nutritional science of the nurses comes into play.
The entire book is divided into five units namely: (i) Introduction (ii) Foundation of Nutrition (iii) Nutrition in the Community (iv) Nutrition in Health Care (v) Cookery Rules and Preservation of Nutrients. While in unit I the students are taken for a trip back to history of nutrition, the introduction itself gives them a little extra information besides what is in the syllabus. Unit II describes the role of nutrients in the human body and how the nutritional knowledge is applied through the nursing process. Unit III describes the Family and Community Nutrition with an overview of vitamin deficiency disorders and how to tackle them with the help of nutrition. Unit IV describes the clinical nutrition focusing mainly on balance diet, introduction to therapeutic nutrition with some examples of therapeutic diets, such as diabetes and hypertension, with other pertinent topics like recommended daily allowances, planning menus, calculation of balanced diet, etc. Unit V covers the methods of cooking, storage of foods and preservation of nutrients by various methods, food toxicity and other related topics.
This book is an asset for the students of Nutrition, Dietetics, Paramedical students and students of nursing. A lot of research and day-to-day experience have gone into my thoughts and thus converting them into this book. It has been written with a view to have a better practical knowledge of the subject. With more and more people becoming victims of lifestyle diseases, it is therefore, important to keep oneself abreast with the up-to-date knowledge of Nutritional Science.
Since the importance of nutrition, as part of public health, is recognized at government level in India, this book therefore will cater to the needs of nutritional issues at various levels in the society and also serve as a practical guidance to one and all. Thus in the end I believe that this book “Food and Nutrition for Nurses” will bridge the gap between the knowledge of nutritional science and its clinical application.
I wish all my students and other readers a happy reading.
Ruma Singh
Chief Dietitian, Department of Dietetics
Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana
6Acknowledgments
Writing a book is a massive task and achievement in itself which no author can accomplish alone without the involvement of friends, relatives, colleagues, seniors and especially the teachers. First of all I want to thank God, Almighty who made it possible to fulfill my vision of writing this book. Special thanks to Dr.Abraham G. Thomas, Director, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, for his able guidance, support and much needed critiques to this project. I would also like to thank Mrs. Triza Jiwan, Principal, College of Nursing, CMCH and Mrs. Ponnamma Singh, Vice Principal, College of Nursing, CMCH for their support and help. It would be unfair if I don't acknowledge the professionalism and diligence of my teacher of nutrition-Ms. Janet C. Harder at Eastern Mennonite College (now Eastern Mennonite University), Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA who taught me the nuances of this subject-Nutrition and Dietetics. My friends in USA who shared their knowledge and experiences, and gave some invaluable suggestions. I would also like to acknowledge the hard work and dedication of my staff and colleagues in the Department of Dietetics, CMC Hospital, Ludhiana, with special thanks to Mrs. Ruchi Dhundia, Deputy Dietician, Ms. Arshi Mangat, Deputy Dietician, who inspite of being busy and engrossed in the tight-schedule and daily routine of the department, proof-read the material wholeheartedly, to Dr. Rinchu, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, CMCH, for her help, to Mr. Rakesh Shrivastava, Chief Librarian, CMCH, who provided the much needed materials helpful to this project, to the students of nursing who will hopefully learn from and disseminate the knowledge obtained from this book to serve the purpose of this book and to make it a success. I owe my sincere gratitude to reviewers, my friends in Ludhiana who by their critical approach and sustained interest in this project provided me with the encouragement, strength and the power to complete this book. I would also like to thank the publishers who approached me with the offer and have taken up the responsibility to bring this book out in print.
Finally, I am greatly indebted to my husband for his constant support and interest in this project and especially my son Anmol Benjamin Singh who despite being busy in his studies spared his valuable time and used his vast and excellent computer skills without which this project probably would not have been possible.
My heart-felt thanks go out to all mentioned above.
Sept 2011