MCQs in Biomechanics and Occupational Therapy in Orthopedic Conditions Punita V Solanki
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1Biomechanics and Kinesiology
  • 1. General Biomechanics
  • 2. Upper Extremity Biomechanics
  • 3. Lower Extremity Biomechanics
  • 4. Vertebral Column, Thorax and the Chest Wall Biomechanics
  • 5. Gait and Posture Biomechanics
  • 6. Vicarious/Trick Movements2

GENERAL BIOMECHANICSChapter 1

1. Biomechanics, an interdisciplinary field includes the principles and methods of which of the following:
  1. Engineering
  2. Anatomy
  3. Physiology
  4. All of the above
2. The study of bodies remaining at rest or in equilibrium as a result of forces acting upon them, is known as:
  1. Biomechanics
  2. Statics
  3. Dynamics
  4. Kinematics
3. The study of moving bodies in biomechanics is known as:
  1. Statics
  2. Dynamics
  3. Kinematics
  4. Kinetics
4. The science of motion that deals with the relationships that exists between displacements, velocities and accelerations in translational and rotational motions, is known as:
  1. Statics
  2. Dynamics
  3. Kinematics
  4. Kinetics
Answers
1. D
2. B
3. B
4. C
4
5. The study which deals with the moving bodies and the forces that act to produce the motion is known as:
  1. Statics
  2. Dynamics
  3. Kinematics
  4. Kinetics
6. A quantity which has magnitude only and is static is:
  1. Scalar
  2. Vector
  3. Pseudovector
  4. Pseudoscalar
7. Mass, speed, energy, power, mechanical work and temperature are examples of one of the following quantities:
  1. Scalar
  2. Vector
  3. Pseudoscalar
  4. Pseudovector
8. Force, moment, displacement, velocity and acceleration are examples of one of the following quantities:
  1. Scalar
  2. Vector
  3. Second order tensors
  4. Third order tensors
9. Scalars are also known as which order tensors?
  1. Zero
  2. First
  3. Second
  4. Third
10. Vectors are also known as which order tensors?
  1. Zero
  2. First
  3. Second
  4. Third
Answers
5. D
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. B
5
11. Stress and Strain are:
  1. Zero order tensors
  2. First order tensors
  3. Second order tensors
  4. Third order tensors
12. A mechanical disturbance or load acting on an object may deform the object, change its state of motion or both. This is known as:
  1. Weight
  2. Mass
  3. Force
  4. Matter
13. Force may be classified as:
  1. Internal or External
  2. Normal (Perpendicular) or Tangential
  3. Gravitational or Frictional
  4. All of the above
14. All of the following are normal/perpendicular forces except:
  1. Tension
  2. Compression
  3. Shear
  4. Gravity
15. Tangential forces are:
  1. Tension and compression
  2. Friction and gravity
  3. Shear and friction
  4. Shear and tension
16. Magnitude, Sense/Direction, Line of application and Point of application are the characteristics of:
  1. Power
  2. Work
  3. Energy
  4. Force
Answers
11. C
12. C
13. D
14. C
15. C
16. D
6
17. Friction and atmospheric pressure act as:
  1. Normal forces
  2. Perpendicular forces
  3. Internal and external forces
  4. All of the above
18. The attraction of the mass of the earth for the mass of other objects on earth is known as:
  1. Buoyancy
  2. Gravity
  3. Elasticity
  4. Friction
19. The upward force of any fluid upon an object immersed in it refers to:
  1. Buoyancy
  2. Gravity
  3. Elasticity
  4. Friction
20. A restoring force or resistance that tends to bring a material back to its resting size and shape on removal of applied loads is known as:
  1. Buoyancy
  2. Gravity
  3. Elasticity
  4. Friction
21. A mathematical definition of a product of the magnitude of the applied force and the distance that a force lie from the axis of rotation applies to:
  1. Torque and Momentum
  2. Moment and Impulse
  3. Torque and Moment
  4. Momentum and Impulse
Answers
17. C
18. B
19. A
20. C
21. C
7
22. The applied force associated with rotational and twisting action is:
  1. Contact
  2. Friction
  3. Torque
  4. Moment
23. The applied force associated with bending action is:
  1. Torque
  2. Moment
  3. Stress
  4. Strain
24. An outside force or combination of forces acting externally on an object is called as:
  1. Stress
  2. Strain
  3. Load
  4. Pressure
25. The intensity of the internal distributed force per unit area is known as:
  1. Load
  2. Stress
  3. Torque
  4. Moment
26. Normal/Perpendicular stresses that are caused by forces that tend to elongate materials are known as following stresses:
  1. Tensile
  2. Compressive
  3. Shear
  4. Tangential
27. A measure of the degree of deformation is:
  1. Stress
  2. Strain
  3. Load
  4. Torque
Answers
22. C
23. B
24. C
25. B
26. A
27. B
8
28. Normal/Perpendicular stresses that are caused by forces that tend to shrink materials are known as which stresses?
  1. Tensile
  2. Compressive
  3. Shear
  4. Tangential
29. The intensity of internal forces acting parallel to a plane of cut are known as following stresses:
  1. Tangential and Normal
  2. Shear and Perpendicular
  3. Tangential and Shear
  4. Normal and Perpendicular
30. A permanent deformation of a material following loading beyond the elastic limit is known as:
  1. Elasticity
  2. Plasticity
  3. Viscosity
  4. Linear elasticity
31. The characteristic of a material that has both fluid and solid properties is:
  1. Elasticity
  2. Plasticity
  3. Viscoelasticity
  4. Linear elasticity
32. A fluid property that is a quantitative measure of resistance to flow is:
  1. Viscosity
  2. Elasticity
  3. Plasticity
  4. Buoyancy
33. The total force per area of force application is known as:
  1. Power
  2. Work
  3. Stress
  4. Pressure
Answers
28. B
29. C
30. B
31. C
32. A
33. D
9
34. The property of any object to resist the change of state of rest or motion of that object is:
  1. Radius of gyration
  2. Inertia
  3. Momentum
  4. Mass moment of inertia
35. Mass in angular motion which offers resistance to change in rotatory motion is known as:
  1. Mass moment of Inertia
  2. Inertia
  3. Radius of gyration
  4. Momentum
36. In human body, the ability of muscle to produce or resist force and in objects, the ability to resist deformation is known as:
  1. Stress
  2. Strain
  3. Strength
  4. Inertia
37. The product of applied force and the magnitude of the movement produced (i.e. force x displacement) is:
  1. Energy
  2. Work
  3. Power
  4. Torque
38. If the force is exerted in the same direction as the motion, then work done is:
  1. Positive
  2. Negative
  3. Dynamic
  4. Static
Answers
34. C
35. A
36. C
37. B
38. A
10
39. If the force is exerted in a direction opposite to the motion, then work done is:
  1. Positive
  2. Negative
  3. Static
  4. Dynamic
40. Positive work involves which one of the following muscle contractions:
  1. Concentric
  2. Eccentric
  3. Isometric
  4. Isokinetic
41. Negative work involves which one of the following muscle contractions:
  1. Concentric
  2. Eccentric
  3. Isometric
  4. Isokinetic
42. The rate at which the work is performed is:
  1. Speed
  2. Displacement
  3. Power
  4. Energy
43. The capacity to do work is:
  1. Energy
  2. Power
  3. Speed
  4. Force
Answers
39. B
40. A
41. B
42. C
43. A
11
44. When muscles develop sufficient tension to overcome the resistance of the body segment, the muscle shortens and cause joint motion. This means the muscle force is greater than the external force. This type of contraction is:
  1. Eccentric
  2. Concentric
  3. Isometric
  4. Isokinetic
45. When a muscle cannot develop sufficient tension and is overcome by the external load, it progressively lengthens. This means the muscle force is lesser than the external force. This type of contraction is:
  1. Eccentric
  2. Concentric
  3. Isometric
  4. Isokinetic
46. When the overall length of the muscle does not change and the muscle force equals the effects of the external forces the type of contraction is:
  1. Eccentric
  2. Concentric
  3. Isometric
  4. Isokinetic
47. A dynamic muscle contraction in which the movement of the joint is kept at a constant velocity and the muscle force varies with changes in its lever arm throughout the range of joint motion is:
  1. Eccentric
  2. Concentric
  3. Isometric
  4. Isokinetic
Answers
44. B
45. A
46. C
47. D
12
48. A dynamic muscle contraction wherein the resistance against which the muscle must contract remains constant is:
  1. Isokinetic
  2. Isotonic
  3. Isoinertial
  4. All of the above
49. Force production in muscle is influenced by the following relationship:
  1. Length-tension
  2. Load-velocity
  3. Force-time
  4. All of the above
50. The ability to do work because of position or form is due to which of the following energies:
  1. Kinetic
  2. Potential
  3. Magnetic
  4. Electric
51. The energy possessed by the body in relation to its velocity is known as following energy:
  1. Kinetic
  2. Potential
  3. Mechanical
  4. Magnetic
52. The law that states that a body remains at rest or in uniform motion until acted upon by an unbalanced or outside set of forces is the law of:
  1. Acceleration
  2. Gravity
  3. Inertia
  4. Reaction
Answers
48. C
49. D
50. B
51. A
52. C
13
53. The law that states that the acceleration of a particle is proportional to the unbalanced force acting upon it and inversely proportional to the mass of the particle is the law of:
  1. Acceleration
  2. Gravity
  3. Velocity
  4. Inertia
54. The law that states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction is the law of:
  1. Acceleration
  2. Velocity
  3. Reaction
  4. Action
55. Newton's I Law of Motion is also known as the Law of:
  1. Inertia and Momentum
  2. Equilibrium and Momentum
  3. Inertia and Equilibrium
  4. Acceleration and Momentum
56. Newton's II Law of Motion is also known as the Law of:
  1. Inertia and Equilibrium
  2. Acceleration and Inertia
  3. Momentum and Equilibrium
  4. Acceleration and Momentum
57. Newton's III Law of Motion is also known as the Law of:
  1. Reaction and Acceleration
  2. Gravity and Acceleration
  3. Reaction and Gravity
  4. Inertia and Acceleration
Answers
53. A
54. C
55. C
56. D
57. C
14
58. The external force acting during the acceleration of the limb at the beginning of the swing and during deceleration at the end of the swing is:
  1. Friction
  2. Gravity
  3. Ground reaction force
  4. Buoyancy
59. To overcome the inertia of a body segment as in control of the arm swing in fast walking or running, the internal force involved is:
  1. Muscular contraction
  2. Joint reaction force
  3. Friction
  4. Atmospheric pressure
60. A patient being moved in a wheelchair, may be thrown forward if the wheels suddenly catch on a door sill, is an example of one of the following Newton's Law of Motion:
  1. I
  2. II
  3. III
  4. IV
61. Inertia required to control the remaining portion of a limb (amputed limb) with respect to the normal side will be:
  1. More
  2. Less
  3. Same
  4. Any of the above
62. The trauma sustained by the cervical spine in so called whiplash injuries or cervical syndrome is an example of the effect of:
  1. Gravity
  2. Friction
  3. Inertia
  4. Acceleration
Answers
58. B
59. A
60. A
61. B
62. C
15
63. With respect to Newton's III law of motion, which of the following supporting surface may be such that it fails to provide counter force to the foot and makes progress difficult and tiring?
  1. Gravel / Soft sand
  2. Tar road
  3. Pavement
  4. Rock
64. All of the following are examples of Newton's III law of motion except:
  1. Walking on ground
  2. Crutch /cane placed in a vertical position
  3. Brakes applied in wheelchair for transfers
  4. Whiplash injuries of cervical spine
65. A crutch or a cane is stable when placed on the floor in following position:
  1. Vertical
  2. Oblique
  3. Horizontal
  4. Semireclined
66. A hypothetical point at which all mass would appear to be concentrated and is the point at which the force of gravity would appear to act is known as:
  1. Center of Gravity (COG) and Center of Load (COL)
  2. Center of Mass (COM) and Center of Load (COL)
  3. Center of Gravity (COG) and Center of Mass (COM)
  4. Center of Load (COL) and Line of Gravity (LOG)
67. When all the segments of the body are combined and the body is taken as a single solid object in anatomic position, the COG (Center of Gravity) of the body lies approximately anterior to which vertebra?
  1. 3rd sacral
  2. 2nd sacral
  3. 1st sacral
  4. 5th lumbar
Answers
63. A
64. D
65. A
66. C
67. B
16
68. A force system in which parallel forces are coplanar, concurrent and colinear is known as:
  1. Concurrent
  2. Linear
  3. Parallel
  4. General
69. A skeletal traction applied to the foot sets up numerous forces that result in joint distraction at the knee, is an example of which of the following force system:
  1. Concurrent
  2. Linear
  3. Parallel
  4. General
70. The maximum potential force of friction for an object that is not moving is the product of reaction or contact force and a constant known as the:
  1. Coefficient of kinetic friction
  2. Coefficient of static friction
  3. Gravitational constant
  4. None of the above
71. The maximum potential force of friction is constant for an object that is moving and is the product of the reaction force and a constant known as the:
  1. Coefficient of kinetic friction
  2. Coefficient of static friction
  3. Gravitational constant
  4. None of the above
72. Two or more forces acting at a common point of application but in divergent directions are part of following force system:
  1. Concurrent
  2. Linear
  3. Parallel
  4. General
Answers
68. B
69. B
70. B
71. A
72. A
17
73. The net effect or resultant of all forces acting at a common point can be found by a process known as:
  1. Combination
  2. Compilation
  3. Composition
  4. Resolution
74. The concept of Concurrent force system can be used to determine the resultant force in:
  1. Divergent Muscle Pulls and Lever System
  2. Anatomical Pulleys and Lever System
  3. Divergent Muscle Pulls and Anatomical Pulleys
  4. Any of the above
75. All of the following are examples of Resolution of forces except:
  1. Gait components
  2. Splint components
  3. Lumbo-sacral motion segment
  4. Cervical traction
76. One of the following is an example of Composition of forces:
  1. Upper Trapezius muscle force
  2. An analysis of hand deformity in arthritis
  3. Cervical traction
  4. Deltoid muscle force
77. The process of resolving a force into two or more components is known as:
  1. Reversal
  2. Resolution
  3. Compilation
  4. Composition
Answers
73. C
74. C
75. D
76. C
77. B
18
78. When the direction of pull of a muscle is altered, the bone or a bony prominence causing the deflection, forms an anatomical:
  1. Axis
  2. Lever
  3. Pulley
  4. Fulcrum
79. A force system in which two or more parallel forces act on the same object but at some distance from each other, is:
  1. Concurrent
  2. Linear
  3. Parallel
  4. General
80. Two resultant forces applied on either side of an axis at some distance from that axis, creating rotation in opposite directions is one of the following order lever system:
  1. First
  2. Second
  3. Third
  4. Fourth
81. Two resultant forces applied so that the resistance or load lies between the effort force and the axis of rotation or fulcrum is one of the following order lever systems:
  1. First
  2. Second
  3. Third
  4. Fourth
82. Two resultant forces applied so that the effort force lies between the resistance or load and the axis or rotation or fulcrum is referred as the following order lever system:
  1. First
  2. Second
  3. Third
  4. Fourth
Answers
78. C
79. C
80. A
81. B
82. C
19
83. One of the simplest machines consisting of two forces, an effort force and a resisting force, acting around a supporting force that provides for a point of pivot called as Fulcrum, is known as:
  1. Pulley
  2. Axis
  3. Lever
  4. Force system
84. A Lever may be used to:
  1. Increase force
  2. Change the effective direction of the effort force
  3. Gain distance
  4. All of the above
85. Teeter-totter, a pair of scissors, triceps muscle action on ulna when the arm is held over head and splenius muscle action to extend the head across the atlantooccipital joint are all examples of one of the following order lever system:
  1. First
  2. Second
  3. Third
  4. Fourth
86. Wheelbarrow, nutcracker, muscles contracting eccentrically against an external moving force and muscles acting on its proximal segment while the distal is fixed are examples of one of the following order lever system:
  1. First
  2. Second
  3. Third
  4. Fourth
Answers
83. C
84. D
85. A
86. B
20
87. Tweezers, fishing poles, biceps muscle action on the forearm and quadriceps muscle action on knee are all examples of one of the following order lever system:
  1. First
  2. Second
  3. Third
  4. Fourth
88. The 3 point pressure principle of brace design based on parallel force system is applied in all of the following except:
  1. Milwaukee brace for scoliosis
  2. Corrective brace for genu valgum
  3. Functional humeral brace for fracture humerus
  4. Short leg brace with ankle T strap for foot pronation deformity
89. A General force system in equilibrium always includes at least following number of forces:
  1. 4
  2. 3
  3. 2
  4. 1
90. A force system in which the forces acting on a body are neither parallel nor linear nor concurrent and always includes at least four forces is known as one of the following force system:
  1. Concurrent
  2. Linear
  3. Parallel
  4. General
91. All of the following are examples of general force system except:
  1. Terminal devices of upper limb prostheses
  2. Tenodesis splint used in quadriplegics
  3. Russell traction apparatus involving 4 forces
  4. Total contact spinal brace for deformity correction
Answers
87. C
88. C
89. A
90. D
91. D
21
92. A measure of the efficiency of the lever, i.e. the relative effectiveness of the effort force as compared to the resistance force and is related to the classification of a lever is known as Mechanical:
  1. Efficiency
  2. Advantage
  3. Energy
  4. Axis
93. The ratio of the effort arm to the resistance arm is known as Mechanical:
  1. Efficiency
  2. Advantage
  3. Energy
  4. Axis
94. First class levers follow no rules relative to mechanical advantage, and mechanical advantage can be:
  1. >1
  2. <1
  3. =1
  4. Any of the above
95. In second class levers, the mechanical advantage of the lever will always be:
  1. >1
  2. <1
  3. =1
  4. =0
96. In third class levers, the mechanical advantage of the lever will always be:
  1. >1
  2. <1
  3. =1
  4. =0
Answers
92. B
93. B
94. D
95. A
96. B
22
97. Shoulder wheel, stationary bicycle, brakes on wheel-chairs and locks on bed casters utilize the principles of:
  1. Energy
  2. Pressure
  3. Friction
  4. Gravity
98. A factor called the coefficient of friction, designated by the symbol µ, is used to describe the:
  1. Effect of different materials and elasticity of the contact surfaces
  2. Roughness of the contact surfaces and elasticity of the contact surfaces
  3. Effect of different materials and roughness of the contact surfaces
  4. Elasticity of the contact surfaces and weight of different materials
99. One of the following structures serves to decrease friction occuring between moving surfaces within the human body:
  1. Synovium
  2. Bursa
  3. Fat Pad
  4. Fascia
100. The resistance to change in angular velocity is called as:
  1. Inertia
  2. Mass moment of inertia
  3. Radius of gyration
  4. Acceleration
101. Momentum of a body part is often used in one of the following exercises:
  1. Stretching
  2. Strengthening
  3. Coordination
  4. Balancing
Answers
97. C
98. C
99. B
100. B
101. A
23
102. In athletic events such as gymnastics, diving and skating, while spinning slowly with the limbs pulled into the body the moment of inertia (I) of the body decreases when the following increases:
  1. Impulse
  2. Velocity
  3. Momentum
  4. Distance
103. A weight being lowered from a height with the force controlling the descent is an example of:
  1. Negative work
  2. Positive work
  3. Potential energy
  4. Strain energy
104. The rotation of a rigid object through space as that of a thrown ball is an example of following motion:
  1. Rotatory
  2. Translatory
  3. Curvilinear
  4. General plane
105. As the person brings the cup to his mouth, the humerus is translating forward while the elbow is rotating the forearm/hand segment. This is an example of following motion:
  1. Rotatory
  2. Translatory
  3. Curvilinear
  4. General plane
106. Passive transport of the body in a vehicle such as a wheelchair, stretcher or a car is an example of following motion:
  1. Translatory
  2. Rotatory
  3. Curvilinear
  4. General plane
Answers
102. B
103. A
104. C
105. D
106. A
24
107. All of the following are the examples of open kinematic chain motion, except:
  1. Reaching for a glass of water
  2. Bringing hand to the mouth
  3. Swing phase of walking
  4. Sitting down in a chair
108. Motions during normal human gait can be described as all except:
  1. Open kinematic
  2. Closed kinematic
  3. True translatory
  4. General plane
109. How many degrees of freedom of motions are possessed by knee joint?
  1. One
  2. Two
  3. Three
  4. Four
110. Circumduction is characteristic of all of the following joints except:
  1. Wrist
  2. Shoulder
  3. Metacarpophalangeal
  4. Interphalangeal
111. Float periods in which both feet are out of contact with the supporting surface is seen in:
  1. Normal walking
  2. Brisk walking
  3. Stair climbing
  4. Running
Answers
107. D
108. C
109. B
110. D
111. D
25
112. All of the following are studied/analyzed under the field of kinematics except:
  1. Acceleration in walking
  2. Rotary motion at elbow while eating
  3. Joint reaction force at knee while running
  4. Velocity in throwing a ball
113. All of the following are analyzed in angular motions except:
  1. Angular acceleration
  2. Mass moment of inertia
  3. Torque
  4. Inertia
114. All of the following are analyzed in linear motions except:
  1. Linear velocity
  2. Acceleration
  3. Inertia
  4. Torque
115. Movement of an object or segment around a fixed axis in a curved path is known as following motion:
  1. Translatory
  2. Rotatory
  3. Curvilinear
  4. General plane
116. The quantity or magnitude of a rotatory motion can be given in:
  1. Watts
  2. Seconds
  3. Degrees
  4. Pounds
117. When the forces that cause the motion are determined by evaluating the resulting motion, the process is called as one of the following Dynamics:
  1. Direct
  2. Inverse
  3. Reverse
  4. Parallel
Answers
112. C
113. D
114. D
115. B
116. C
117. B
26
118. In the case of angular motion, when the mass is not concentrated at the center of mass, the radial distance from the axis of rotation at which the mass of the body could be concentrated without altering the moment of inertia of the body about that axis, is taken and is known as:
  1. Center of gravity
  2. Radius
  3. Radius of gyration
  4. Line of gravity
119. In prosthetic and orthotics design, one of the following is of great importance, as it provides control for the resistance of angular motion:
  1. Center of gravity
  2. Radius
  3. Radius of gyration
  4. Line of gravity
120. The product of force and time is called as:
  1. Velocity
  2. Inertia
  3. Impulse
  4. Momentum
121. The carnival strong man attraction in which the participant swings a large hammer, hits a lever and tries to raise a block to ring a bell, is an example of one of the following energies:
  1. Potential
  2. Kinetic
  3. Mechanical
  4. Magnetic
122. When the sum of the torques on a lever is zero, the lever is in one of the following Equilibrium:
  1. Linear
  2. Rotational
  3. Static
  4. Unstable
Answers
118. C
119. C
120. C
121. B
122. B
27
123. When the sum of all the parallel forces acting on the lever is zero, the lever is in one of the following Equilibrium:
  1. Linear
  2. Rotational
  3. Static
  4. Dynamic
124. A state in which a body is at rest with neither translatory nor rotatory motion is known as one of the following Equilibrium:
  1. Linear
  2. Rotational
  3. Static
  4. Dynamic
125. A state in which a body is in constant motion with no acceleration is known as one of the following Equilibrium:
  1. Linear
  2. Rotational
  3. Static
  4. Dynamic
126. The product of mass and its velocity (mv) or moment of inertia and its angular velocity (lω) is known as:
  1. Moment
  2. Torque
  3. Momentum
  4. Force
127. The increase of strain of a material that occurs during constant loading over a long time period is known as:
  1. Stress
  2. Creep
  3. Damping
  4. Tension
Answers
123. A
124. C
125. D
126. C
127. B
28
128. The property of an object to resist speed of deformation is known as:
  1. Stress
  2. Creep
  3. Damping
  4. Tension
129. The ability of an object to vigorously rebound to its original size and shape is known as:
  1. Power
  2. Viscosity
  3. Resilience
  4. Viscoelasticity
130. Objects lying along the same line are known as:
  1. Colinear
  2. Coplanar
  3. Concurrent
  4. Concentric
131. Objects meeting at a point are known as:
  1. Colinear
  2. Coplanar
  3. Concurrent
  4. Concentric
132. Objects lying in the same plane are known as:
  1. Uniplanar
  2. Coplanar
  3. Concurrent
  4. Universal
133. Objects having the same center are known as:
  1. Colinear
  2. Coplanar
  3. Centroid
  4. Concentric
Answers
128. C
129. C
130. A
131. C
132. B
133. D
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134. A point in a 2-dimensional figure at which area can be considered to be concentrated is known as:
  1. Centroid
  2. Center of mass
  3. Center of gravity
  4. Concentric
135. An ability of a material to absorb large amounts of energy before failure is known as:
  1. Ductility
  2. Strength
  3. Elasticity
  4. Plasticity
136. Motion in which all points in a body describe straight parallel lines is known as one of the following motion:
  1. Curvilinear
  2. Rectilinear
  3. Rotatory
  4. General plane
137. Distance between joint centers of body segments is known as:
  1. Lever
  2. Link
  3. Line
  4. Any of the above
138. The ratio of stress to strain during loading in the elastic range is known as Modulus of:
  1. Elasticity
  2. Plasticity
  3. Viscosity
  4. Viscoelasticity
Answers
134. A
135. A
136. B
137. B
138. A
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139. Muscles that insert close to the joint and have their origin far from the joint, have a greater rotatory component compared to the stabilizing component are known as:
  1. Spurt
  2. Shunt
  3. Springy
  4. Stalk
140. Muscles that have their origin close to the joint and insertion far from the joint have more stabilizing action than rotatory component are known as:
  1. Spurt
  2. Shunt
  3. Springy
  4. Stalk
141. Mechanical advantage increased by increasing the lever arm is observed in all of the following examples except:
  1. Presence of patella for efficient quadriceps force
  2. Resistance offered more distally in manual muscle testing
  3. Cane held on the upper limb opposite to the affected hip
  4. Resistance offered proximal to knee in hip adductor muscle testing
Answers
139. A
140. B
141. D