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Andrology Laboratory Manual Kamini A Rao, Ashok Agarwal, MS Srinivas

SECTION 1: MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM—ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CHAPTER 1:Anatomy and Physiology of Male Gametogenesis
- INTRODUCTION
- ANATOMY OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- SUMMARY
- HORMONAL REGULATION OF SPERMATOGENESIS
  - Functions of Testosterone
CHAPTER 2:Human Spermatozoa—Production, Migration and Fertilization
CHAPTER 3:Understanding the Physiology of Fertilization
- INTRODUCTION
- THE MALE GAMETE
- THE FEMALE GAMETE
  - Physiology of Fertilization
- CAPACITATION – IN DEPTH
- EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF FERTILIZATION AND THE MALE GAMETE
  - Assisted Reproductive Technology to Aid in Fertilization
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 2: CLINICAL ANDROLOGY
CHAPTER 4:Pathophysiology of Male Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- SPERMATOGENESIS
  - Meiosis
  - Spermiogenesis
- CONTROL OF SPERMATOGENESIS
  - Anatomical Factors
  - Endocrine Control of Spermatogenesis
- INTRINSIC CONTROL OF SPERMATOGENESIS
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MALE INFERTILITY
- ANORCHIA
- CONGENITAL ANORCHIA
- ACQUIRED ANORCHIA
- LEYDIG CELL HYPOPLASIA
- SPERMATOGENIC FAILURE
  - Germ Cell Aplasia (Sertoli-Cell-Only Syndrome)
- SPERMATOGENIC ARREST
- HYPOSPERMATOGENESIS (FIGURE 4.8)
- NUMERICAL CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES
  - Klinefelter's Syndrome (Figure 4.9)
- XX-MALE SYNDROME
- XYY-SYNDROME
  - Numerical Chromosome Abnormalities Limited to Spermatozoa
- STRUCTURAL CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES
  - Structural Abnormalities of the Autosomal Chromosomes
  - Structural Abnormalities of Sex Chromosomes
- Y CHROMOSOME MICRODELETIONS
- VARICOCELE
  - Pathophysiology
- GENITAL TRACT OBSTRUCTION
  - Pathophysiology
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF GERM CELL MALIGNANCY OF TESTES
- COITAL DISORDERS
  - Erectile Dysfunction
  - Failure of Ejaculation
  - Retrograde Ejaculation
  - Premature Ejaculation (PE)
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM (HH)
- PATTERNS OF GNRH SECRETION IN CASES WITH GNRH DEFICIENCY
- COMPARISON OF ABNORMAL LH PULSATILITY AND CLINICAL FEATURES156
- IDIOPATHIC HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM (IHH)
  - Genetics of IHH
- GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM
  - X-linked Genes
    - Kallmann's Syndrome Gene (KAL Gene)
  - DAX-1 Gene
  - Autosomal Genes
  - GnRH Gene
  - GnRH-R Gene
  - FGFR1 Gene
  - GPR54 Gene
  - Genetic Defects of the Gonadotropins
  - Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Associated with Other Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ANTISPERM ANTIBODIES
  - Factors Causing to ASA Production
  - Chronic Infections
- SURGERIES ON VAS DEFERENS (VASECTOMY AND VASOVASOSTOMY)
  - Other Factors
  - Mechanisms of ASA-induced Infertility
- ASA INDUCED DEFECTIVE MOTILITY OF SPERM
- ASA AND SPERM PENETRATION OF CERVICAL MUCUS
- ASA ACTION ON ACROSOME REACTION (AR)
- MONONUCLEAR CELLS AND IMMUNOLOGICAL INFERTILITY
- OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MALE INFERTILITY
  - What is Oxidative Stress and how does it Affect Fertility?
- OXIDATIVE STRESS AND SPERM MEMBRANE LIPID PEROXIDATION
  - Oxidative Stress and Protein Damage
  - Peroxidative Damage to Spermatozoa
  - Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Sperm DNA Damage
CHAPTER 5:Evaluating the Infertile Male
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
CHAPTER 6:Management of Male Infertility— Varicocele Repair
- MANAGEMENT OF MALE INFERTILITY: VARICOCELE REPAIR
CHAPTER 7:Endocrine Disorders: Diagnosis and Management
- MALE HYPOGONADISM
CHAPTER 8:Sexual Dysfunction
- INTRODUCTION
- TYPES
- SPERM RETRIEVAL TECHNIQUES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9:Andropause
- INTRODUCTION
- INJECTABLES
- ORAL
- TRANSDERMAL
  - Effects
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 10:Lifestyle and Environmental Factors Effect on Male Infertility: An Evidence-based Review
- INTRODUCTION
- LIFESTYLE FACTORS
- OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 3: LABORATORY ANDROLOGY
CHAPTER 11:Semen Analysis
- INTRODUCTION
- PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS FOR SAMPLE COLLECTION, SAFE HANDLING AND DELIVERY
- INFORMATION ON THE SAMPLE CONTAINER AND PATIENT SHEET
- PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - Macroscopic Examination
- MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
- SEMEN MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY
  - Pyospermia
    - Collection of Semen Specimens
  - Organisms Found in Semen
- BIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF SEMINAL PLASMA, PROSTATE, EPIDIDYMIS AND SEMINAL VESICLES
- SAFETY AND QUALITY CONTROL IN THE ANDROLOGY LABORATORY
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12:Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction Test and Its Importance in the Management of Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION OF CERVICAL MUCUS
- CERVICAL MUCUS EVALUATION
CHAPTER 13:The Clinical Importance of Sperm Morphology in Assisted Reproduction
- INTRODUCTION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 14:The Role of Leukocytospermia in Male Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- SELF DEFENSE MECHANISMS, DETECTION AND TREATMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 15:Genetics of Male Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 16:Setting Up an Andrology Laboratory
- INTRODUCTION
- LABORATORY ASPECTS AND PROCEDURES
  - Diagnostic Procedures
  - Therapeutic
    - Techniques
    - Cryopreservation
- LABORATORY DESIGN
- EQUIPMENT, SUPPLIES AND REAGENTS
- SAFETY GUIDELINES
CHAPTER 17:Quality Management of an Andrology Laboratory
- INTRODUCTION
- ANDROLOGY LABORATORY QM
SECTION 4: HUMAN SPERMATOZOA IN ASSISTED CONCEPTION
CHAPTER 18:Sperm Selection in Assisted Reproductive Techniques
- INTRODUCTION
- CONVENTIONAL SELECTION STRATEGIES
- CENTRIFUGATION TECHNIQUES
  - Simple Sperm Wash
  - Density Gradient Centrifugation (DGC)
- FILTRATION TECHNIQUES
- MIGRATION TECHNIQUES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 19:Preparation of Semen Sample Infected with HIV for ART
- INTRODUCTION
- THE ETHICAL ISSUES
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 20:Surgically Retrieved Sperm Samples
- INTRODUCTION
- MICROSURGICAL EPIDIDYMAL SPERM ASPIRATION
CHAPTER 21:Human Sperm Cryopreservation
- SPERM CRYOPRESERVATION: HISTORY
- SPERM CRYOPRESERVATION: SIGNIFICANCE
- SPERM CRYOPRESERVATION: PURPOSE
- CRYOPROTECTANTS: INDICATIONS
- EVALUATION OF SPERM POST-CRYOPRESERVATION
  - Freezing Procedures
    - Neat (unprocessed) Semen
    - Prepared Semen (Pre-freeze Preparation)
- SPECIAL CRYOPRESERVATION CASES
- REFERENCES
- APPENDIX: CRYOPRESERVATION PROTOCOL
- SEMEN CRYOPRESERVATION REPORT
- SEMEN CRYOPRESERVATION REPORT
  - Precryopreservation
  - Post-thaw cryosurvival
CHAPTER 22:Donor Insemination
- INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI) VS DONOR INSEMINATION (DI)
- COUNSELING
SECTION 5: SPECIAL TOPICS
CHAPTER 23:Environmental Factors: Effects on Semen Parameters
- INTRODUCTION
- ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
CHAPTER 24:The Aging Male
- AGING MEN AND ART

INDEX

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Index

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Chapter Notes