Head & Neck Surgery (2 Volumes) Christopher deSouza, Fred Stucker, Gady Har-El, Anil D\'Cruz, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Abir K Bhattacharya, Cherie-Ann O Nathan
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1Head and Neck Surgery
2Head and Neck Surgery
Editor-in-Chief Chris de Souza MS DORL DNB FACS (USA) Visiting Assistant Professor in Otolaryngology Dept. of Otolaryngology SUNY Brooklyn, New York, USA Visiting Assistant Professor in Otolaryngology, LSUHSC Shreveport, Louisiana, USA ENT and Skull Base Surgeon, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India ENT Surgeon, Lilavati Hospital, Holy Family Hospital, Holy Spirit Hospital, Mumbai, India Editors RHINOLOGY Chris de Souza MS DORL DNB FACS (USA) Visiting Assistant Professor in Otolaryngology Department of Otolaryngology, SUNY Brooklyn, NY, USA ENT and Skull Base Surgeon Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India Gady Har-El MD FACS Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital Professor of Otolaryngology and Neurosurgery SUNY–Downstate, New York, USA FACIAL PLASTICS Fred Stucker MD FACS Jack W Pou Professor and Chairman Department of Otolaryngology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA Cherie-Ann O Nathan MD FACS Professor and Vice Chairman Department of Otolaryngology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA ONCOLOGY Anil D'Cruz MS DNB Professor and Head Department of Head and Neck Surgery Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India Pankaj Chaturvedi MS FAIS FICS Associate Professor Department of Head and Neck Surgery Tata Memorial Hospital Mumbai, India LARYNGOLOGY Abir K Bhattacharyya MS DNB FACS FRCS (Eng) FRCS (ORL) Consultant ENT and Head and Neck Surgeon Associate Director of Medical Education (Surgery) Whipps Cross University Hospital, London E11 1NR, UK Hon. Senior Lecturer, Institute of Laryngology and Otology, London, UK Consultant ENT Surgeon High Commission of India, London
3Published by
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Head and Neck Surgery
© 2009, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication and interactive DVD ROM should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the editors and the publisher.
This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by the contributors is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and editors will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters are to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only.
First Edition : 2009
9788184486797
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4To Our Parents, Wives, Children Our Patients and Teachers
5Contributors 13Foreword
It is estimated that over five hundred thousand patients are diagnosed with cancers in the head and neck area annually worldwide. This number is gradually rising. In spite of significant advances in basic sciences to understand the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and molecular profiling, technological advances in imaging and navigational surgery and significant advances in reconstructive surgery, not much progress has taken place in terms of improved outcomes of therapy in head and neck cancer. Clearly, management of these tumors has become quite a complex undertaking and no one specialist is able to provide all the necessary aspects of multidisciplinary care for cancers in the head and neck area. For advanced stage tumors, multidisciplinary involvement is crucial to successful outcome. Increasing emphasis is being laid on minimizing the impact of therapeutic interventions and improving the quality of life while keeping improved survivorship as the focal point of any therapeutic program.
Dr Chris de Souza and his associates are to be congratulated for putting together a unique textbook covering the broad range of various topics in head and neck cancer. Contributors to this extraordinary collection of manuscripts are leaders in the field from all corners of the world. The editors are aware of the high cost of major textbooks in head and neck cancer which is not affordable in the South Asian subcontinent by a majority of physicians and students involved in the management of patients with cancers of the head and neck. The emphasis is placed on producing a low-cost textbook which provides the most up-to-date information on topics and issues of current interest at an affordable price. It is my belief that they have succeeded in doing so.
Advances in the management of head and neck cancer happen on a continuous basis. Clearly, this compendium provides the state-of-the-art-and-science in the field of head and neck surgery and oncology as it is practiced today. The diversity of authorship of topics in this book reflects a global view of leaders in their areas of expertise. The list of contributors also reflects that head and neck cancer is a global disease and should have a common theme of understanding the biology of the disease and its therapeutic interventions. Clearly, the focus would be to improve outcomes and quality of life worldwide such that the wide discrepancies in outcomes in various parts of the world are narrowed in the years to come. I feel that this textbook will provide the reader with the most up-to-date knowledge in the field of head and neck cancer and the information on therapeutic interventions as they are practiced globally. This textbook is essential reading for the trainee in head and neck surgery and should be on the bookshelf of all physicians caring for head and neck cancer and in libraries of cancer institutions and medical schools worldwide.
Jatin P Shah md facs
Hon frcs (Edin) Hon fracs Hon fdsrcs (Lond)
Professor of Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
EW Strong Chairman in Head and Neck Oncology
Chief, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York, USA
14Foreword
The Head and Neck is truly an important intersection not only between vital structures but also between that of many medical and surgical disciplines. This is brought out amply in this compendium. This textbook is a timely reminder that collaboration between multiple disciplines is absolutely necessary if not vital to bring about effective treatment for our patients.
It is a truism that medicine advances rapidly. Some might even say that a textbook might be behind times, especially in the age of the Internet and instant communication. This is not applicable in the case of Head and Neck Surgery. Timeless principles still hold true and this book combines the old which still hold true in modern medical practice and that which is modern helps augment our knowledge.
I must compliment the editors who involved an impressive array of authors. The list of chapters is carefully drawn to encompass all aspects of Head Neck Surgery. The Oncology section begins with a beautifully written chapter on the historical perspective of Head Neck Oncology. In words of the great Roman writer and politician Marcus Tulius Cicero: “The causes of events are ever more interesting than the events themselves.” The chapters on “Quality of Life in Head and Neck Cancer” and “Outcome Assessment in Head and Neck Cancer” demonstrate increasing emphasis on such issues hitherto less talked about a decade back. The chapter on “Endoscopic Head and Neck Surgery” proves the role of current state-of-art minimal access tools in less disfiguring surgery without jeopardizing safety. Chapters on—Anesthetic Considerations, Nursing Considerations, Palliation, etc. make it one of the most comprehensive Head and Neck books to my knowledge. It is good to see that editors have given due importance to translational research and molecular mechanisms in the Head and Neck Oncology.
I hope the noble purpose of this book, which is the dissemination of knowledge and sharing of ideas is fulfilled and I am sure that a future second edition will validate the purpose of all that is written here.
Rajendra A Badwe
Director, Tata Memorial Center
Mumbai, India
15Preface
Head and Neck Surgery is a well-established and important medical specialty the world over. It lies at the intersection of several disciplines. A glance at the table of contents of this book illustrates this.
With advances in technology, there has been a significant increase in the quantum of medical literature now available. For the novice who has just embarked on the study of Head and Neck Surgery, this can be dauntingly enormous, contradictory, and at times, confusing. Head and Neck Surgery was written to address this very issue and to present distilled knowledge on this subject in a lucid, comprehensive, and easy-tounderstand manner. This book has something for each reader: The beginner can find information about techniques as well as guidance regarding which approach to take. The expert and experienced head and neck surgeon can find discussions on issues regarding controversies and recent advances in the field.
The book has been compiled by experts in the field from all over the world. They are not just outstanding head and neck surgeons, but also excellent teachers, who have graciously and unselfishly contributed to this book, sharing their skills and providing technical inputs, so that others may benefit from their experience. For the editors and authors of this book, this has been a singularly satisfying experience. We are happy that this book will ultimately benefit the people at the center of our medical universe: Our patients.
I am deeply indebted to all the editors of this book who have shown phenomenal commitment by devoting much time and effort to produce this book. We are also very grateful to the authors of individual chapters, who have worked hard to produce chapters of very exacting standards of excellence. We also thank our families for allowing all of us the luxury of time to put together a book of this magnitude and nature.
I thank the publishers for their cooperation, help and time especially since most of the editors and authors are from so many different parts of the world to produce a truly international textbook.
Chris de Souza ms dorl dnb facs (usa)
Mumbai, India