Index

Head & Neck Surgery (2 Volumes) Christopher deSouza, Fred Stucker, Gady Har-El, Anil D\'Cruz, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Abir K Bhattacharya, Cherie-Ann O Nathan

SECTION 1: RHINOLOGY
CHAPTER 1:Anatomy of the Lateral Nasal Wall
- BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE LATERAL NASAL WALL
CHAPTER 2:Physiology of the Nose
- AIRFLOW
- HUMIDIFICATION
- PROTECTION OF THE AIRWAY
  - Mechanical Protection
- NASAL SECRETIONS
- NASAL VASCULATURE AND NERVE SUPPLY
  - Nasal Autonomic Nervous System
  - Nasal Sensation
- OLFACTION
  - Olfactory Epithelium
- Olfactory Responses
- THE NOSE AND THE VOICE
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3:Measurement of Nasal Function and Nasal Valve Surgery
- TECHNIQUES
  - Rhinomanometry
  - Acoustic Rhinometry
- SPIROMETRIC TECHNIQUES
  - Forced Oscillation
- OTHER TECHNIQUES
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
- INTRODUCTION
- THE INTERNAL NASAL VALVE
- THE EXTERNAL NASAL VALVE
- VALVE PATHOLOGY
- CLINICAL ASSESSMENT
- HISTORY AND EXAMINATION
- MANAGEMENT OF NASAL VALVE DEFICIENCY
  - Internal Valve Surgery
  - External Nasal Valve Surgery
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4:The Olfactory System and its Disorders
- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
- OLFACTORY DYSFUNCTIONS
  - Classification and Etiology
- INVESTIGATIONS
- TREATMENT
CHAPTER 5:Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
- ETIOPATHOGENESIS—A REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- PATHOLOGY
- MODE OF SPREAD
- CLASSIFICATION
  - Andrew-Fisch Classification
  - Radkowsky Classification
- MODE OF ADHERENCE
- BLOOD SUPPLY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6:Congenital Malformations of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
- EMBRYOLOGY OF THE NOSE, PARANASAL SINUSES AND ANTERIOR SKULL BASE
- ENCEPHALOCELES
- GLIOMAS
- NASAL DERMOIDS
- COMPLETE AGENESIS OF THE NOSE
- CRANIOFACIAL CLEFTS
- MEDIAN NASAL CLEFTS
- LATERAL NASAL CLEFTS
- PROBOSCIS LATERALIS
- POLYRHINIA AND SUPERNUMERARY NOSTRIL
- CLEFT LIP NASAL DEFORMITY
- CHOANAL ATRESIA
- CONGENITAL NASAL PYRIFORM APERTURE STENOSIS (CNPAS)
- NASOLACRIMAL DUCT CYSTS
- NASOPHARYNGEAL TERATOMAS
CHAPTER 7:Common Cysts and Tumors of the Jaws
- CYSTS OF THE JAWS
- ODONTOGENIC CYSTS
- PSEUDOCYSTS OF THE JAWS
  - Simple Bone Cyst
    - Treatment
- ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST
  - Treatment
- ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
- EPITHELIAL ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
- AMELOBLASTOMAc
- AMELOBLASTIC CARCINOMA AND MALIGNANT AMELOBLASTOMA
  - Treatment
- CLEAR CELL ODONTOGENIC CARCINOMA
  - Treatment
- ECTOMESENCHYMAL ODONTOGENIC TUMORSd
- MIXED ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
  - Odontoma
    - Treatment
  - Ameloblastic Fibroma
    - Treatment
- NON-ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
  - Giant Cell Granuloma
    - Treatment
    - Treatment
  - Benign Fibro-osseous Lesions
    - Treatment
- SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
- SURGICAL TREATMENT OF BENIGN MANDIBULAR ODONTOGENIC NEOPLASMS
- HEALING OF CANCELLOUS CELLULAR MARROW BONE GRAFTS
- SURGICAL TREATMENT OF BENIGN MAXILLARY ODONTOGENIC NEOPLASMS
- RECENT ADVANCES IN MAXILLOFACIAL RECONSTRUCTION
  - Distraction Osteogenesis
  - Inferior Alveolar Nerve Considerations
- REFERENCES
  - Textbook
  - Journal
CHAPTER 8:Fungal Rhinosinusitis
- AGENTS FOR TREATMENT OF INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTIONS
CHAPTER 9:Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
- ANESTHESIA FOR FESS
- GENERAL ASPECTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
- INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS
- TECHNIQUE OF FUNCTIONAL ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY
  - High-risk Areas and Complications
- POSTOPERATIVE CARE AND TREATMENT
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
- ANATOMY
- PATHOLOGY
- DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
  - Fluorescein Test
  - Dacryocystography (Fig. 9.10)
  - Dacryocystogammagraphy
- INDICATIONS
- SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
- INDICATIONS
- OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE AND INDICATIONS OF THE ENDONASAL FRONTAL SINUS DRAINAGE ACCORDING TO DRAF
  - Type I: Simple Drainage
  - Type II A and B: Extended Drainage
  - Type III: Endonasal Median Drainage
- RESULTS OF ENDONASAL FRONTAL SINUS SURGERY
- POSTOPERATIVE CARE
  - Packing
  - Local Postoperative Therapy
  - General Postoperative Medication
- COMPLICATIONS
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
- HISTORY
  - Symptoms of the Present Illness
  - Past Medical and Surgical History
- PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND ENDOSCOPY
  - Olfactory Testing
- ACOUSTIC RHINOMETRY AND RHINOMANOMETRY
- IMAGING
- INFORMED PATIENT CONSENT
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- GENERAL PRINCIPLES
- BENIGN TUMORS
  - Osteoma
  - Inverted Papilloma (IP)
  - Juvenile Angiofibroma (JA)
- MALIGNANT TUMORS
  - Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
  - Adenocarcinoma (AC)
  - Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB)
- POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
  - Postoperative Course
  - Follow-up
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
- ORBITAL COMPLICATIONS
  - Violation of the Orbit with Fat Herniation
  - Retro-orbital Hemorrhage
  - Damage of the Medial Rectus Muscle
  - Optic Nerve Lesion
  - Bleeding
  - Sphenopalatine Artery
  - Ethmoid Arteries
  - Internal Carotid Artery and Cavernous Sinus
  - Intracranial Lesions
  - CSF Leak
  - Brain Injury
  - Cranial Nerve Injuries
- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
- WHAT MAKES REVISION SURGERY NECESSARY?
  - View of the Patient
  - Analysis of the Surgeon
- PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES
  - Endonasal Revision
  - External Revision
- SPECIFIC FAILURES DEMANDING REVISION SURGERY
  - Postoperative Frontal Sinusitis after Type I and Type II Drainage
  - Reclosure after Type III Drainage
- FOLLOW-UP
- BACKGROUND
- REFERENCES
- PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION
  - Surgical Management
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
- ANATOMY
- SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
- DIRECT TRANSNASAL ACCESS
- TRANSSEPTAL ACCESS
- RESECTION OF POSTERIOR NASAL SEPTUM
- REFERENCES
- INDICATIONS
- PREOPERATIVE INVESTIGATIONS
- SURGICAL ANATOMY
- SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
  - Endoscopic Optic Nerve Decompression
  - Endoscopic Orbital Decompression
- CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS
  - Authors’ Results
- GENERAL GUIDELINES AND CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
- HISTORY
- SITE OF CSF FISTULAS
- DIAGNOSIS
- AREAS OF ENDONASAL SKULL BASE ACCESS
- GRAFT MATERIALS
- SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
- IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS TO AVOID FAILURES
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
- ANATOMY
  - Pituitary Gland
  - Sella Turcica
  - Sphenoid Sinus and Sinonasal Anatomy
- SURGICAL INDICATIONS
  - Preoperative Evaluation
  - Surgical Technique
    - Postoperative Management
    - Complications
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 10:Endoscopic Transnasal Surgery
- CLASSIFICATION
CHAPTER 11:Rhinosinusitis
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Major Symptoms
  - Minor Symptoms
- ACUTE (PRESUMED BACTERIAL) RHINOSINUSITIS
- CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS)
  - Physical Findings in CRS
- RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS
- NASAL POLYPOSIS
  - Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
- CRS VERSUS NASAL SEPTAL DEVIATIONS
  - Complications of Rhinosinusitis
CHAPTER 12:Evidence-based Management of Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC SINUSITIS
- DIAGNOSIS OF PEDIATRIC SINUSITIS
- ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 13:Nasal Polyposis: Current Concepts in Pathophysiology and Management
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CLASSIFICATION
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  - Allergic Inflammation
  - Non-allergic Inflammation
- HISTOLOGY
- ANATOMICAL OCCURRENCE
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Clinical Presentation and Evaluation
  - Radiographic Appearance
- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
- SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
  - Surgery
- SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 14:Transsphenoidal Approaches to the Sella Turcica
- SURGICAL APPROACHES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 15:Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
- NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- DIAGNOSIS (FIGS 15.1 TO 15.4)
  - Treatment (Figs 15.5 to 15.10)
CHAPTER 16:Optic Nerve Decompression
- ANATOMY/MECHANISMS OF INJURY
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- SURGICAL APPROACHES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 17:Midfacial Degloving Approach to the Nose, Sinuses, and Skull Base
- SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
- COMPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 18:Robotics in Otolaryngology
- ROBOTIC SURGERY
- ROBOTIC APPLICATION IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 19:Image-guided Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- OVERVIEW OF CURRENT TECHNOLOGY
  - System Components
- THE REGISTRATION PROCESS
- ISSUES RELATED TO ACCURACY
- CURRENT USE AND CONCERNS
- INDICATIONS FOR IMAGE-GUIDED SINUS SURGERY
- BALANCING COSTS AND BENEFITS
- STANDARD OF CARE
- NEW APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS
- SUMMARY
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
  - Financial Disclosures
CHAPTER 20:Powered Instrumentation in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
- ENGINEERING AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- APPLICATION OF POWERED INSTRUMENTATION
- USE OF POWERED INSTRUMENTATION WITH IMAGE-GUIDED SURGERY
- COMPLICATIONS
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - Financial Disclosures
CHAPTER 21:Minimally Invasive Sinus Surgery
- THEORETICAL CONCERNS
- THE MIST PROTOCOL
- OUTCOME STUDIES INVOLVING MIST
- THE FESS DEPARTURE FROM FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLES
CHAPTER 22:Epistaxis
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY
  - Local Causes
  - Systemic Causes
- MANAGEMENT
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 23:Disorders of the Nasal Septum
- SEPTAL DEVIATION
- SEPTAL PERFORATION
- INFECTIONS
- INFLAMMATORY DISEASES
- WEGENER'S GRANULOMATOSIS
  - Sarcoidosis
  - Angiocentric T-cell Lymphoma
- SEPTAL NEOPLASMS
- REACTIVE SEPTAL LESIONS
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 24:Nasal Allergy: Diagnosis, Evaluation and Management
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS
- RHINOSINUSITIS AND ALLERGY
- TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS
- FOOD ALLERGY
- ALLERGIC FUNGAL SINUSITIS
- ANAPHYLAXIS
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 25:Surgery of the Frontal Sinus
- ANATOMY
  - The Frontal Recess
  - Physiology
- ADVANCES IN ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 26:Granulomatous Diseases of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
- DEFINITION
- CATEGORIES
- INFLAMMATORY DISEASES
- NEOPLASTIC DISEASES
  - Sinonasal T-cell Lymphoma (Midline Lethal Granuloma)
- INFECTIOUS DISEASES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 27:Imaging of the Paranasal Sinuses
- ANATOMY OF THE NASAL CAVITY AND PARANASAL SINUSES
  - The Nose and Nasal Fossae
  - The Paranasal Sinuses
- PARANASAL SINUS DEVELOPMENT
  - Anatomic Variations
- IMAGING TECHNIQUES
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
CHAPTER 28:The Subcranial Approach to the Anterior Skull Base
- PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION AND ANESTHESIA
- THE SURGICAL TECHNIQUE OF THE SUBCRANIAL APPROACH
- COMBINATIONS OF THE SUBCRANIAL APPROACH
- RECONSTRUCTION FOLLOWING SUBCRANIAL SURGERY
- POSTSURGICAL TREATMENT
  - Surgical Results
- USE OF THE SUBCRANIAL APPROACH IN THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT
- POSTOPERATIVE CONTROL OF ACUTE PAIN FOLLOWING SUBCRANIAL EXTIRPATIONS
- CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF SKULL BASE TUMORS
  - Cytogenetic Results
  - Clinical Relevance
- QUALITY OF LIFE FOLLOWING SUBCRANIAL SURGERY FOR ANTERIOR SKULL BASE TUMORS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 29:Benign Tumors of the Nasal Cavity and Nasopharynx
- BENIGN TUMORS OF THE NASAL CAVITY
- EPITHELIAL TUMORS
  - Papillomas
    - Inverted Papilloma
    - Squamous Cell Papilloma
  - Adenomas
    - Papillary Adenoma (Cylindric Papilloma)
    - Minor Salivary Gland Tumors (Pleomorphic Adenoma)
- NON-EPITHELIAL TUMORS
- TUMORS OF THE NASOPHARYNX
  - Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
CHAPTER 30:Microbiology and Medical Management of Bacterial Sinusitis
- MICROBIOLOGY OF ACUTE SINUSITIS
- MICROBIOLOGY OF CHRONIC SINUSITIS
  - Discrepancies in the Recovery of Bacteria from Multiple Sinuses
  - Bacteria in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Sinusitis
- MICROBIOLOGY OF NOSOCOMIAL RHINOSINUSITIS
- ANTIMICROBIAL MANAGEMENT
- PRINCIPLES OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY
  - Antimicrobial Therapy of Acute Sinusitis
  - Antimicrobial Therapy of Chronic Sinusitis
- ADJUVANT THERAPIES
  - Acute Bacterial Sinusitis
  - Chronic Bacterial Sinusitis
CHAPTER 31:Headache and Facial Pain
- CLASSIFICATION OF HEADACHE AND FACIAL PAIN
- MIGRAINE
- THE EYE AND HEADACHES
- FACIAL PAIN
SECTION 2: FACIAL PLASTICS
CHAPTER 32:Forehead Rejuvenation
- FOREHEAD ANATOMY
- AESTHETIC EVALUATION OF THE FOREHEAD
- PATIENT SELECTION
- SELECTION OF BROWLIFT TECHNIQUE
  - Endoscopic Browlift: Surgical Technique
  - Surgical Dissection
- BROW FIXATION
- TRICHOPHYTIC BROWLIFT IN THE HAIRLINE
- BOTOX FOREHEAD REJUVENATION
  - Complications
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 33:Mandible Fractures
- EVALUATION
- TREATMENT
- MAXILLOMANDIBULAR FIXATION
- SUBCONDYLAR/CONDYLAR FRACTURES
- EDENTULOUS MANDIBLE FRACTURES
- INFECTED OR COMMINUTED FRACTURES
- COMPLICATIONS IN ANGLE FRACTURES
  - Infection
- ADVANCES IN SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
CHAPTER 34:Asian Rhinoplasty
- ANATOMY
- SILICONE NASAL AUGMENTATION
  - Surgical Technique
- ADJUNCTIVE PROCEDURES
  - Postoperative Care
  - Complications
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 35:Asian Blepharoplasty
- TECHNIQUES
- DEBULKING
CHAPTER 36:The Use of Botulinum Toxin in the Head and Neck
- HISTORY OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM
- DEFINING BOTULINUM TOXIN
- MECHANISM OF ACTION
- SAFETY AND ANTIGENICITY
- RECONSTITUTION
- COSMETIC USES
- SPASMODIC DYSPHONIA
- ESOPHAGEAL DISORDERS
- FACIAL DYSTONIAS
- HEADACHE
- FREY'S SYNDROME
- HYPERHIDROSIS
CHAPTER 37:Transconjunctival Lower Lid Blepharoplasty
- SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LID
- PATIENT SELECTION
- SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
- COMPLICATIONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 38:Facial Contouring—Malar and Chin Augmentation
- ANALYSIS
- IMPLANTS
  - Alloplastic Implants
  - Implant Materials
- AUTOGENOUS GRAFTS
- OSTEOTOMY
- SLIDING GENIOPLASTY
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
CHAPTER 39:Otoplasty
- ANATOMY
- EMBRYOLOGY
- PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION
- SURGICAL INDICATION
- SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
- COMPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 40:Local Flaps in Facial, Head and Neck Surgery
- PHYSIOLOGY
- PATIENT SELECTION/PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION
- TREATMENT PLANNING
- SURGICAL PREPARATION
- INCISION PLACEMENT
- CLASSIFICATION
- ADVANCEMENT FLAPS
- ROTATION FLAPS
  - O-Z Plasty
- TRANSPOSITION FLAPS
- DEFECT BASED APPROACH TO RECONSTRUCTION
  - Scalp Defects
- FOREHEAD AND TEMPLE DEFECTS
- AURICULAR DEFECTS
- EYELID DEFECTS
- NASAL DEFECTS
- CHEEK DEFECTS
- LIP DEFECTS
  - Upper Lip
  - Lower Lip
- OTHER DEFECTS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 41:The Nasal Tip
- AESTHETIC ANALYSIS
- STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE NASAL TIP
  - Incisions and Approaches
- SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
CHAPTER 42:Open (External) Septorhinoplasty Approach
- INDICATIONS
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT
- INTRAOPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
  - Anesthesia
  - Surgical technique
- POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
- RESULTS
  - Advantages
  - Disadvantages
CHAPTER 43:Soft Tissue Fillers of the Face and Liposuction of the Face and Neck
- THE PERFECT MATERIAL
  - History
  - International Scenario
- NON-HUMAN BIOLOGIC MATERIALS
  - Autologous Tissue
  - Allografts
- NONBIOLOGIC MATERIALS
- TECHNIQUE FOR INJECTABLE IMPLANTS
- LIPOSUCTION OF THE HEAD AND NECK
- SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
  - Cervical Liposuction
  - Complications
CHAPTER 44:Oromandibular Reconstruction
- PRINCIPLES OF MANDIBULAR RECONSTRUCTION
- RECONSTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUE
  - Alloplast
  - Bone Grafts
- SENSORY RESTORATION
  - New Frontiers
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 45:Reconstruction of Facial Mohs Defects
- TREATMENT OF SKIN CANCER
- MOHS SURGERY
  - Mohs Technique
  - Risk of Recurrence
- CONSIDERATIONS IN RECONSTRUCTION
- PRINCIPLES OF RECONSTRUCTION
- OPTIONS IN RECONSTRUCTION
- LOCAL FLAPS
  - Classification
- RECONSTRUCTION BY SITE
- REVISION PROCEDURES
- CONCLUSIONS
SECTION 3: ONCOLOGY
CHAPTER 46:History and Evolution of Head and Neck Oncology
- BLOOD TRANSFUSION
  - Pathology
- SURGERY OF THE SKULL BASE
- TREATMENT OF CANCER IN THE NECK
- CANCER OF THE EAR
CHAPTER 47:Epidemiology in Head and Neck Cancers
- UADT VERSUS LUNG CANCER
  - Regionwise Burden of Disease
    - Regionwise Estimated Incidence
- GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF ETIOLOGY OF UADT
  - Smoking
  - Global Time Trends
    - High-risk Age Groups
- FOCUS ON ASIA
  - Time Trends in Asia
- ETIOLOGY IN ASIA
  - Lifestyle Factors in Asia
    - Prevalence of Tobacco Use
  - Risks Associated with Tobacco, Areca Nut and Alcohol
    - Cigarette Smoking
- PRIMARY PREVENTION OF ORAL CANCER
- SECONDARY PREVENTION OF ORAL CANCER
  - Population Screening Studies
    - Other Approaches to Population Screening
  - Periodic Re-examination of Patients with Precancers
    - Second Primary Cancers
CHAPTER 48:Etiology of Head and Neck Cancers
- MOLECULAR BASIS OF TUMOR DEVELOPMENT
- GENETIC PREDISPOSITION
- ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 49:Basic Research in Head and Neck Cancers
- GENETIC BASIS OF CANCER
- BARRIERS TO TREATMENT OF HNSCC
- IDENTIFYING INDIVIDUAL GENES ALTERED IN HNSCC
- TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN HNSCC
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 50:Pathology
- INTRODUCTION
- NORMAL SALIVARY GLAND
- BENIGN SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS
  - Overview
  - Benign Mixed Tumor/Pleomorphic Adenoma
  - Warthin's Tumor (WT)
  - Basal Cell Adenoma (BCA)
  - Canalicular Adenoma
  - Myoepithelioma
  - Oncocytoma and Other Oncocytic Lesions
  - Cystadenoma
- MALIGNANT SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS
  - Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
  - Acinic Cell Carcinoma
  - Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
  - Polymorphous Low Grade Adenocarcinoma (Terminal Duct Carcinoma)
  - Epimyoepithelial Carcinoma
  - Salivary Duct Carcinoma
  - Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified
  - Benign Metastasizing Mixed Tumor (BMMT)
  - Carcinoma Ex-mixed Tumor
  - Carcinosarcoma/True Malignant Mixed Tumor
  - Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma
  - Myoepithelial Carcinoma
  - Cystadenocarcinomas
  - Undifferentiated Carcinoma
  - Clear Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified
  - Oncocytic Carcinoma
- OTHER EPITHELIAL TUMORS OF SALIVARY GLAND
- MESENCHYMAL TUMORS
  - Lymphomas
  - Metastases to Salivary Gland
  - Fine Needle Aspiration of Salivary Gland
- REFERENCES
- INTRODUCTION
- INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA
  - Squamous Hyperplasia
  - Squamous Dysplasia
- REFERENCES
- INTRODUCTION
- NORMAL THYROID
- BENIGN THYROID NEOPLASMS
  - Follicular Adenoma
- WELL-DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CARCINOMAS
  - Follicular Carcinoma
  - Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
  - Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
- POORLY DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CARCINOMAS
  - Insular Carcinoma
- UNDIFFERENTIATED THYROID CARCINOMAS
  - Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
- ONCOCYTIC/HURTHLE CELL TUMORS OF THYROID
  - Follicular Oncocytic Tumors
  - Papillary Oncocytic Tumors
- NON-NEOPLASTIC THYROID TUMORS
  - Multinodular Goiter (Adenomatous Hyperplasia, Nodular Hyperplasia, Colloid Nodule)
  - Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
- OTHER NEOPLASMS OF THYROID
  - Lymphoma
  - Metastases
- SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
  - Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Thyroid Gland
  - Frozen Section Evaluation of the Thyroid Gland
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 51:Imaging for Diagnosis and Evaluation
- COMMON IMAGING MODALITIES
  - Ultrasound
    - Major Advantages of Ultrasound
    - Major Disadvantages of Ultrasound
  - Imaging Technique
- MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
  - Imaging Technique
- COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
  - Imaging Technique
- POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
- RADIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF HEAD AND NECK CANCER
- CERVICAL LYMPH NODE INVOLVEMENT
- SITE-SPECIFIC IMAGING OF COMMON HEAD AND NECK CANCERS
- RECENT TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 52:Positron Emission Tomography
- POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
- THYROID CANCER
  - Iodine-124
  - 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose
- STAGING HEAD AND NECK CANCERS
- ASSESSMENT OF RESPONSE AND FOLLOW-UP
- ASSESSMENT OF HYPOXIA
  - Other PET Imaging Tracers
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- HEAD AND NECK CANCER FOLLOW-UP EVALUATION
CHAPTER 53:Diagnosis and Management of Oral Pre-Cancers
- ORAL CARCINOGENESIS PROGRESSION MODEL
  - Oral Premalignant Lesions
  - Leukoplakia and Erythroplakia
- SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS
- MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION
- DIAGNOSIS AND DETECTION OF ORAL PREMALIGNANT LESIONS
- MANAGEMENT OF ORAL PREMALIGNANT LESIONS
CHAPTER 54:Smoking Cessation
- PHYSICIAN ADVICE FOR SMOKING CESSATION
- PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS
- WORKPLACE INTERVENTIONS FOR SMOKING CESSATION
- TELEPHONE COUNSELING FOR SMOKING CESSATION
- INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIORAL COUNSELING FOR SMOKING CESSATION
- GROUP BEHAVIOR VERSUS SELF-HELP PROGRAM
- PREOPERATIVE INTERVENTIONS FOR SMOKING CESSATION
- ALTERNATIVE METHODS USED IN SMOKING CESSATION
- SMOKING CESSATION IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
- EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS FOR SMOKING CESSATION
- TREATMENT IS EFFECTIVE
- RANKING THE VARIOUS CESSATION STRATEGIES
CHAPTER 55:Chemoprevention of Head and Neck Cancers
- HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
- NEW TARGETS FOR PREVENTION OF HNSCC: COX-2 AND EGFR
- SMOKING CESSATION
- PRACTICAL CLINICAL PREVENTION
CHAPTER 56:Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers
- LARYNX
  - Glottic Larynx
    - Stage T1–T2
    - Stage T3–Favorable T4
  - Supraglottic Larynx
- HYPOPHARYNX
  - Pyriform Sinus
  - Pharyngeal Wall
- POSTOPERATIVE IRRADIATION OF LARYNGEAL AND HYPOPHARYNGEAL TUMORS
- OROPHARYNX
- NASOPHARYNX
- ORAL CAVITY
- POSTOPERATIVE IRRADIATION FOR TUMORS OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND OROPHARYNX
- NASAL CAVITY, PARANASAL SINUSES AND NASAL VESTIBULE
- MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS
- UNKNOWN PRIMARY
- DESIGN OF THE LOW-NECK PORTAL
  - Oropharynx, Nasopharynx and Oral Cavity Cancers
  - Larynx and Hypopharynx Cancers
- BOOST TECHNIQUE FOR LARGE OR FIXED LYMPH NODES
CHAPTER 57:Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers
- PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF CHEMOTHERAPY
- TRIAL ENDPOINTS AND DEFINITIONS
  - Active Agents
- CHEMOTHERAPY IN METASTATIC OR RECURRENT DISEASE
- TREATMENT OF LOCALLY ADVANCED DISEASE
- POSTOPERATIVE ADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY
- ORGAN PRESERVATION AND INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY
- TREATMENT OF PRIMARILY INOPERABLE TUMORS
- CONCOMITANT DEFINITIVE CHEMORADIOTHERAPY
  - New Drugs
- NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA
- CHEMOTHERAPY AND RARE TUMORS
CHAPTER 58:Combining Chemotherapy with Radiotherapy in Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- INDUCTION (NEOADJUVANT) CHEMOTHERAPY
- ALTERNATING CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION
- CONCURRENT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY
- POSTOPERATIVE ADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY
- TREATMENT MORBIDITY
- ORGAN PRESERVATION APPROACHES
- OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 59:Immunology and Immunotherapy
- PRINCIPLES OF IMMUNOTHERAPY
  - Types of Immune Response to Tumor
- IMMUNE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES
- IMMUNOLOGY OF HNSCC
- IMMUNOTHERAPY IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER
- OUTLOOK FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY IN HNSCC
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 60:Novel Therapies in Head and Neck Cancers
- GROWTH FACTORS AND THEIR RECEPTORS
  - Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
- VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR
  - Combination Agents and Combinations of Agents
- HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR
- SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
- RAS INHIBITORS
- RAF INHIBITORS
- mTOR INHIBITORS
- PROTEIN KINASE C (PKC) INHIBITORS
- CELL CYCLE INHIBITORS
- TARGETING p53
- PROTEASOME INHIBITION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 61:Nasopharyngeal Cancer
- DIAGNOSIS
- MICROMETASTASIS AND RESIDUAL DISEASE
- THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES
- NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY
- CONCURRENT CHEMOTHERAPY
- ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY
- NEOADJUVANT AND ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY
- CONCOMITANT AND ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY
- NEOADJUVANT AND CONCOMITANT CHEMOTHERAPY
- MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY
- RECOMMENDATIONS
- RECURRENT NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 62:Anterior Skull Base Tumors
- ANATOMY OF THE ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA
- LESIONS OF THE ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA
- SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
  - Supraorbital Keyhole Approach
  - Other Minimally Invasive Approaches
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 63:Cancer of the Temporal Bone
- HISTORICAL ASPECTS
- INTRODUCTION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 64:Cancer of the Paranasal Sinuses and Nasal Cavity
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
  - Epidemiology
  - Presentation
- ANATOMY (FIGS 64.7 TO 64.10)
  - Maxillary Sinus
  - Nasal Cavity (Figs 64.8 to 64.10)
- THE UNCINATE PROCESS
- INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA (ITF)
  - Lymphatic Drainage
- PATHOLOGY
  - Benign Lesions
- MALIGNANT LESIONS
- IMAGING
  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- STAGING
  - TNM Staging88
- TREATMENT METHODS FOR TUMORS OF NASAL CAVITY AND PARANASAL SINUSES
- RADIOTHERAPY
- CHEMOTHERAPY
  - Intra-arterial Chemotherapy
  - Recurrent Tumors
- COMPLICATIONS AND REHABILITATION OF TUMORS OF NASAL CAVITY AND PARANASAL SINUSES
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
CHAPTER 65:Oral Cavity Cancer
- ANATOMY
- ETIOLOGY
- MOLECULAR AND GENETIC CHANGES
- SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE ORAL CAVITY
- BIOLOGICAL MARKERS FOR SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE ORAL CAVITY
- PATHOLOGY
- NATURAL HISTORY
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
CHAPTER 66:Oropharyngeal Cancers
- ETIOLOGIC FACTORS
- SCREENING
  - Pathologic Diagnosis
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGY
  - Imaging
  - Staging
- PROGNOSIS
  - Treatment-related Prognostic Factors
  - Survival and Quality of Life
- TREATMENT
CHAPTER 67:Thyroid Cancer
- NEOPLASMS OF THE THYROID
CHAPTER 68:Tumors of the Parathyroid Gland
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- EVALUATION
- MANAGEMENT OF PARATHYROID ADENOMA
- MANAGEMENT OF PARATHYROID CARCINOMA
CHAPTER 69:Management of Salivary Gland Neoplasms
- ETIOLOGY
- EVALUATION
- TREATMENT
- COMPLICATIONS OF SURGERY
- MANAGEMENT OF THE NECK
  - Primary Radiation Therapy
  - Adjuvant Treatment
- FOLLOW-UP
  - Surveillance
    - Outcomes
CHAPTER 70:Management of Larynx and Hypopharynx Cancer
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - Risk Factors
- ANATOMY
- CLINICAL ASPECTS
  - Presenting Symptoms
    - Larynx
    - Hypopharynx
  - Pretreatment Work-up
- MANAGEMENT OF SCC OF LARYNX AND HYPOPHARYNX
- SURGICAL OPTIONS
  - Larynx Cancer
  - Hypopharynx
- RADIOTHERAPEUTIC OPTIONS
  - Definitive Irradiation
    - Larynx Cancer
    - Hypopharynx
  - Postoperative Irradiation
- CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC OPTIONS
  - Protocols with Curative Intent
  - Protocols with Palliative Intent
- GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 71:Open Partial Laryngeal Procedures
- EVOLUTION OF LARYNGEAL PROCEDURES
- ANATOMIC BASIS OF TUMOR PATTERN
- EVALUATION
  - Clinical Evaluation
  - Imaging
- PARTIAL LARYNGECTOMY FOR GLOTTIC CANCER
  - Laryngofissure and Cordectomy
  - Vertical Partial Laryngectomy
- PARTIAL LARYNGECTOMY FOR SUPRAGLOTTIC CANCER
  - Supraglottic Laryngectomy
- RADIATION MODALITY
  - Radiation Therapy Technique
    - T1N0 and T2N0 Glottic and Supraglottic Cancers
    - Advanced Stage Cancers
CHAPTER 72:Partial Laryngectomy for Advanced Laryngeal and Oropharyngeal Tumors
- SURGICAL PRINCIPLES OF LARYNGECTOMY
- ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY
  - Preoperative Evaluation
- SUPRACRICOID PARTIAL LARYNGECTOMY WITH CRICOHYOIDOEPIGLOTTOPEXY–I
- SUPRACRICOID PARTIAL LARYNGECTOMY WITH CRICOHYOIDOEPIGLOTTOPEXY–II
- OUTCOME AND COMPLICATIONS FOR SCPL
  - Postoperative Care for SCPL
- NEAR-TOTAL LARYNGECTOMY
- MICROVASCULAR LARYNX RECONSTRUCTION
CHAPTER 73:Neck Dissection
- HISTORY
- FASCIAL COMPARTMENTS OF THE NECK
  - Lymphatics of the Neck
  - Patterns of Lymph Node Metastases
- DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - Clinical Examination
- IMAGING
  - Fine Needle Aspiration
  - Staging
- HISTOPATHOLOGY AND PROGNOSIS
  - Adverse Histological Features
  - Micrometastases
- NECK DISSECTION TECHNIQUE
- MANAGEMENT OF THE NECK
- ISSUES IN NECK DISSECTION
- ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR NECK DISSECTION
  - Planned Neck Dissection
  - Sentinel Node Biopsy
- COMPLICATIONS OF NECK DISSECTION
CHAPTER 74:Skin Cancer
- CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN CANCER
  - I. Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers (NMSC)
  - II. Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma (MM)
- NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCERS (NMSC)
- CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT MELANOMA (MM)
CHAPTER 75:Tumors of the Cervical Trachea
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- PRESENTATION
- DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
- HISTOLOGY
- LONG-TERM RESULTS
CHAPTER 76:Unknown Primary Tumor
- CLASSIFICATION
- CLINICAL EVALUATION
- CLINICAL STAGING
- PATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE NECK MASS
- EXAMINATION UNDER ANESTHESIA
- TREATMENT PROTOCOLS AND RESULTS OF THERAPY
- SURGERY
- RADIATION THERAPY ALONE
- SURGERY AND RADIATION THERAPY
  - Chemotherapy
- RARE CERVICAL METASTASES
  - Carcinoma Arising in a Branchial Cleft Cyst
- METASTATIC MELANOMA
- METASTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 77:Benign Aggressive Jaw Tumors
- ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
CHAPTER 78:Management of Parapharyngeal Tumors
- ANATOMY
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION
CHAPTER 79:Other Nonsquamous Tumors
- ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA
  - Histopathology
- PERINEURAL SPREAD
- LYMPHATIC SPREAD
- DISTANT METASTASES
- SURVIVAL
- SURGICAL ANATOMY
  - Treatment Options
  - Surgery
  - Radiotherapy
- LYMPHOMAS
  - Clinical Presentation
- IMMUNOHISTOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION
  - Hodgkin's Lymphoma
  - Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
  - Etiology
  - Epidemiology
  - Diagnostic Evaluation
  - Treatment
- MALIGNANT MUCOSAL MELANOMA
  - Incidence
  - Etiology and Pathogenesis
  - Staging
  - Treatment
  - Prognosis
  - Survival
- SPECIFIC SITES IN THE HEAD AND NECK
  - Primary Melanoma of the Oral Cavity
  - Primary Sinonasal Melanoma
  - Histological Diagnosis
    - Staging
    - Differential Diagnosis
  - Primary Melanoma of the Parotid Gland
  - Primary Melanoma of the Lacrimal Sac
  - Primary Melanoma of the Larynx
  - Metastatic Melanoma to the Upper Respiratory Tract
- SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS
  - Classification
  - Etiology
  - Molecular Basis
  - Clinical Presentation
- INVESTIGATIONS
  - Radiation-induced Sarcomas
  - Staging
  - Treatment
  - Radiation Therapy
  - Chemotherapy
  - Outcome and Prognostic Indicators
- MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA
- RHABDOMYOSARCOMA
- FIBROSARCOMA
- DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS
- LIPOSARCOMA
- SYNOVIAL SARCOMA
- ANGIOSARCOMA
- EXTRASKELETAL MYXOID CHONDROSARCOMA
- NEUROGENIC SARCOMA
- TREATMENT OUTCOMES
CHAPTER 80:HIV and Head and Neck Cancers
- HIV DISEASE AND IMMUNE SUPPRESSION
- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT IN HEAD AND NECK CANCERS
CHAPTER 81:Emergencies in Surgical Oncology
- AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
- HEMORRHAGE
CHAPTER 82:Margins in Head and Neck Cancers
- SURGICAL MARGIN
- POSITIVE MARGIN
  - Role of Frozen Sections
- INCIDENCE OF POSITIVE OR INVOLVED MARGINS
- PROGNOSIS OF MARGINS WITHOUT ADJUVANT TREATMENT
- POSITIVE MARGINS IN INVASIVE TUMOR
- PROGNOSIS OF POSITIVE MARGINS WITH ADJUVANT TREATMENT
- MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF SURGICAL MARGINS
- OTHER MALIGNANCIES
  - Cutaneous Carcinomas
- MALIGNANCIES OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS
- ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SARCOMAS
- THE FRANKFURT METHOD
CHAPTER 83:Salvage Surgery
- PRINCIPLES OF SALVAGE SURGERY
- DIAGNOSIS OF RESIDUAL OR RECURRENT CANCER
- ORAL CAVITY AND OROPHARYNX
- HYPOPHARYNX
- LARYNX
- NASOPHARYNX
- NECK
- COMPLICATIONS
  - Salvage Surgery for Distant Metastases
CHAPTER 84:Data Collection and Audit
- DATA COLLECTION
- RADIOTHERAPY AND CHEMOTHERAPY
- TUMOR MAPS AND PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION
- CLINICAL AUDIT PROCESSES
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 85:Outcome Assessment in Head and Neck Cancer
- IMPORTANCE OF OUTCOME ASSESSMENT
- TYPES OF OUTCOME ASSESSMENT
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 86:Quality of Life in Head and Neck Cancer
- QUALITY OF LIFE — DEFINITION
  - HN-specific QOL Research
- CURRENT STATUS OF QOL INVESTIGATION
  - Rationale for the Conference
- CONCLUSIONS OF THE CONFERENCE
  - Standards for Measuring QOL
- OUTLOOK FOR QOL
  - Active Clinical Use of QOL Information
  - Potential Areas for QOL Research
CHAPTER 87:Molecular Markers in Head and Neck Cancers
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 88:Laser in Head and Neck Cancer
- CARBON DIOXIDE LASER
- EARLY LARYNGEAL CANCER
  - Clinical Classification
- Progression of Laryngeal Cancer
  - Criteria for Endoscopic Treatment and Instrumentation
- EARLY GLOTTIC CANCER
- EARLY SUPRAGLOTTIC CANCER
- ORAL AND OROPHARYNGEAL CANCER
CHAPTER 89:Lymphoscintigraphy and Sentinel Node Biopsy
- HISTORY OF SENTINEL NODE BIOPSY
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 90:Minimally Invasive Surgery in Otolaryngology: Endoscopic and Robotic
- ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
- EQUIPMENT
- INDICATIONS
- TECHNIQUES FOR APPROACH
- OUTCOMES
  - Outlook for the Future
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- CLASSIFICATION
  - Capabilities of Surgical Robotic Systems
- ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ROBOTIC SYSTEMS
  - Advantages
  - Disadvantages
- SPECIFIC SURGICAL ROBOTIC SYSTEMS
- SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS OF SURGICAL ROBOTICS
- RHINOLOGY
- OTOLOGY
  - Laryngology
  - Head and Neck Surgery
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 91:Management of the Carotid Artery in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
- EMERGENT MANAGEMENT OF CAROTID ARTERY INVOLVEMENT
- ELECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF CAROTID ARTERY INVOLVEMENT
- PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION
- NONSURGICAL MANAGEMENT
- SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
  - Surgical Procedure
  - Complications
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 92:Reirradiation in Head and Neck Cancers
- EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATTERNS OF FAILURE
- STAND-ALONE SURGERY OR CHEMOTHERAPY
- FEASIBILITY OF REIRRADIATION
- CONCOMITANT CHEMOTHERAPY AND REIRRADIATION
  - 5FU, Hydroxyurea and Concomitant Radiation
- NOVEL CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC REGIMENS
- PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR REIRRADIATION
- MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO REIRRADIATION
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 93:Management of Locally Advanced Inoperable Head and Neck Cancer
- TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR LOCALLY ADVANCED HEAD AND NECK CANCER
CHAPTER 94:Reconstruction after Resection of Head and Neck Cancers
- CONCEPTS OF RECONSTRUCTION
- PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCULOCUTANEOUS FLAP
- BUCCINATOR MUSCULOMUCOSAL FLAP
- PLATYSMA MUSCULOCUTANEOUS FLAP
- PALATAL ISLAND FLAP
  - Raising the Flap
    - Remember
- STERNO (CLEIDO) MASTOID FLAP
- THE RADIAL FOREARM FREE FLAP
- RECTUS ABDOMINIS FREE FLAP
- FIBULA FREE FLAP
- PHARYNGEAL ADVANCEMENT FLAPS
- OTHER LOCAL FLAPS
- POSTOPERATIVE CARE OF ALL FLAP RECONSTRUCTIONS
- SITE-SPECIFIC RECONSTRUCTION
  - Oral Cavity
CHAPTER 95:Dysfunction in Swallowing
- NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY OF SWALLOWING
- SWALLOWING OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH SURGERY
  - Oral Cavity
  - Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Tumors
- SWALLOWING OUTCOMES AFTER NONSURGICAL, ORGAN-SPARING ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS
- METHODS OF ASSESSING SWALLOWING FUNCTION
  - Noninstrumental Assessments
  - Instrumental Assessments
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 96:Comprehensive Rehabilitation after Total Laryngectomy
- CHALLENGES IN REHABILITATION AFTER TOTAL LARYNGECTOMY
- POSTLARYNGECTOMY VOICE REHABILITATION
- HISTORY OF PROSTHETIC VOICE REHABILITATION
- VOICE AND SPEECH THERAPY
  - Principles of Prosthetic Voice Acquisition
- PULMONARY REHABILITATION
  - Heat and Moisture Exchangers (HMEs)
- OLFACTORY REHABILITATION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 97:Pain and Palliative Care in Head and Neck Cancer
- PAIN
- FATIGUE
  - Assessment of Fatigue
  - Management of Fatigue
- DYSPNEA
- DELIRIUM
- DEPRESSION
  - Assessment of Depression
  - Treatment
- CACHEXIA
  - Nonpharmacological Therapy
- NUTRITION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 98:Nuclear Medicine in Head and Neck Oncology
- BONE SCANNING
- SALIVARY GLAND IMAGING
- SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY AND LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY
- THYROID IMAGING
- PARATHYROID IMAGING
- FDG-PET
- NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY
CHAPTER 99:Role of Dentistry
- EARLY DETECTION AND PREVENTION
- RISK FACTOR ASSESSMENT
- PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - Extraoral Examination
  - Intraoral Examination
- DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
- ORAL MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 100:Role of Nutrition in Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- OVERVIEW OF NUTRITIONAL FACTORS
- MUTAGEN SENSITIVITY
  - Diet and Mutagen Sensitivity
- TOBACCO AND NUTRITION
- ALCOHOL AND NUTRITION
- CHEMOPREVENTION AND NUTRITION
- CANCER THERAPY AND NUTRIENTS
- ANTITUMOR EFFECTS OF RADIATION/CHEMOTHERAPY
- PREVENTION OF RADIATION AND CHEMOTHERAPY TOXICITY
CHAPTER 101:Nursing Considerations in Surgery
- IMPORTANCE OF NURSING IN CANCER
- GLOBAL ISSUES IN HEAD AND NECK NURSING
- PARAMETERS IN NURSING
- DEVELOPMENT AND NEW ROLES FOR NURSING
CHAPTER 102:Anesthesia for Head and Neck Surgery
- EQUIPMENT, SUPPORT SERVICES AND FACILITIES
- PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
  - Difficult Airway
  - Special Considerations in Intraoral Cancers
- EFFECTS OF PRIOR THERAPY FOR CANCER
- GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ANESTHESIA FOR ORAL CANCERS
- MICROVASCULAR RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
- AIRWAY LESIONS
  - Obstructed Airway
    - Upper Airway Obstruction
- SURGICAL ANESTHESIA PROCEDURES FOR LESIONS OF THE UPPER AIRWAY
- IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF UPPER AIRWAY ENDOSCOPY
- LASER RESECTIONS
- LARYNGECTOMY
- RIGID BRONCHOSCOPY
- ROLE OF TRANSTRACHEAL JET VENTILATION
- ANESTHESIA FOR MIDTRACHEAL OBSTRUCTION
- MANAGEMENT OF TRACHEAL LESIONS
  - Preoperative Management
  - Intraoperative Management
CHAPTER 103:Training of a Head and Neck Surgeon
- HISTORY OF HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
  - Developments in Advanced Training Programs in the USA
  - Issues in the Training Programs in the USA
- INTERNATIONAL SCENARIO IN TRAINING
- OPTIMAL TRAINING PROGRAM
  - Current Dilemmas in Training
- OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE
SECTION 4: LARYNGOLOGY
CHAPTER 104:Congenital Anomalies of the Larynx and Trachea
- RETROAGNATHIA AND GLOSSOPTOSIS
- LARYNGOMALACIA
- CONGENITAL GLOTTIC WEBS
- CONGENITAL VOCAL FOLD PARALYSIS
- CONGENITAL SUBGLOTTIC STENOSIS
- POSTERIOR LARYNGEAL CLEFTS
- VASCULAR COMPRESSION
- TRACHEOMALACIA
- COMPLETE TRACHEAL RINGS
CHAPTER 105:Head and Neck Imaging
- CONGENITAL LESIONS OF THE HEAD AND NECK
- INFECTIONS
- INFECTIONS OF THE PARAPHARYNGEAL SPACE (TABLE 105.1)
  - Masticator Space Infections
  - Ludwig's Angina
- TRAUMA
- TUMORS
- GLOMUS TUMORS OF JUGULAR FORAMEN
  - Chondrosarcoma of Skull Base
  - Chordoma
- SOFT TISSUE TUMORS OF THE NECK
  - Lipomas and Liposarcomas
  - Hemangiomas
- PAROTID GLAND TUMORS
- BENIGN TUMORS OF THE LARYNX
- BENIGN TUMORS OF EXTERNAL EAR
CHAPTER 106:Deep Neck Space Infections
- ANATOMY
- CERVICAL FASCIA
  - Superficial Cervical Fascia
  - Deep Cervical Fascia
- THE DEEP NECK SPACES (FIG. 106.1)
- SPACES SPANNING THE ENTIRE NECK
  - The Superficial Space
  - The Retropharyngeal Space
    - The prevertebral space
    - The visceral vascular space
- SUPRAHYOID SPACES
- INFRAHYOID SPACE
  - The Anterior Visceral Space (Pretracheal Space)
- DEEP NECK SPACE INFECTIONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 107:Tonsils and Adenoids
- ANATOMY
- HISTOLOGY
- PHYSIOLOGY
- DISEASES OF THE ADENOIDS AND TONSILS
CHAPTER 108:Infections and Inflammatory Disorders of the Upper Respiratory Tract and Larynx
- CONDITIONS REQUIRING HOSPITAL ADMISSION
  - Acute Sinusitis
- ACUTE COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED SINUSITIS
- ACUTE PHARYNGOTONSILLITIS
- INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
- ACUTE EPIGLOTTITIS
- ACUTE LARYNGITIS
- LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS (CROUP)
- SPECIFIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS OF THE LARYNX
- INFECTIONS
- NONSPECIFIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 109:Voice Disorders
- DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION
  - Diagnostic Evaluation
- MANAGEMENT OF VOICE DISORDERS
CHAPTER 110:Vocal Cord Paralysis
- ETIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY OF UNILATERAL VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS
- PATIENT EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT
- OBJECTIVE MEASURES OF VOICE
- MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
- SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPY
- BILATERAL VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS
- SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE PARALYSIS
- PEDIATRIC VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 111:Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Diagnosis, Evaluation and Management
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- NORMAL SLEEP AND COMMON DEFINITIONS IN OSA
- SUMMARY
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
CHAPTER 112:Tracheostomy
- INDICATIONS FOR TRACHEOSTOMY
  - Physiological Changes Caused by a Tracheostomy
  - Timing and Patient Selection for a Tracheostomy
- OPERATIONS
- CRICOTHYROIDOTOMY
- TRACHEOSTOMY TUBES
- POSTOPERATIVE TRACHEOSTOMY CARE
- COMPLICATIONS OF TRACHEOSTOMY
- DECANNULATION
  - In Adults
  - In Infants and Young Children
- RESUSCITATION OF A PATIENT WITH A TRACHEOSTOMY
CHAPTER 113:Diseases of the Salivary Glands: Diagnosis, Evaluation and Management
- ANATOMY
  - Embryology and Development
  - Gross Anatomy
- MICROANATOMY/HISTOPATHOLOGY
- PHYSIOLOGY OF SALIVARY SECRETIONS
- AUTONOMIC CONTROL
- COMPOSITION OF SALIVA
  - Factors Controlling the Production of Saliva
  - Methods of Collection of Saliva
- DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION IN SALIVARY GLAND DISEASES
- NONNEOPLASTIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES
  - Acute Inflammatory Disorders
  - Chronic Inflammatory Disorders
- ACUTE INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
  - Chronic Obstructive Inflammatory Disorders
- TRAUMATIC LESIONS OF SALIVARY GLANDS
- SYSTEMIC DISEASES
  - Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
- IMMUNOLOGIC DISEASES
- BENIGN SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS (TABLE 113.3)
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
CHAPTER 114:Benign Disorders of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
- DISORDERS OF THE THYROID GLAND
  - Congenital Thyroid Lesions
- CLASSIFICATION OF BENIGN THYROID TUMORS
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF THYROID DISEASE
- DISORDERS OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS
- MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA (MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE ADENOMATOSIS)
  - MEN I (Wermer's Syndrome)
  - MEN II (Sipple's Syndrome)
- SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
- TERTIARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
- HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
- PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM
- PARATHYROID CYSTS
CHAPTER 115:Diseases of the Esophagus
- ANATOMY
  - Nerve Supply
- SYMPTOMS
- CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
- GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
- MOTOR DISORDERS
  - Achalasia Cardia22
  - Treatment
- CAUSTIC INJURY
- APPROACH TO A PATIENT WITH CAUSTIC INGESTION
- TRAUMA
  - Diagnosis
    - Radiology
    - Endoscopy
  - Management
- FOREIGN BODIES
- FOOD BOLUS IMPACTION
- BLUNT OBJECTS
- SHARP OBJECTS
- DISK BATTERIES
- NARCOTIC PACKAGES
- ESOPHAGEAL TUMORS
CHAPTER 116:Foreign Bodies in the Aerodigestive Tract
- TYPES OF FOREIGN BODIES
- ETIOLOGY
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL PHASES
- DIAGNOSIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- COMPLICATIONS
- MANAGEMENT OF AERODIGESTIVE TRACT FOREIGN BODIES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 117:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Otolaryngology
- THE AIDS VIRUS (HIV)
  - History
  - Epidemiology
- HIV TESTING AND MONITORING
- STAGING AND CLASSIFICATION OF HIV DISEASE
- GENERAL MANAGEMENT ISSUES
- OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE AND TREATMENT
  - Postexposure Prophylaxis
  - Prophylaxis for Maternal Transmission of HIV
- GENERAL MANIFESTATIONS
- OTOLARYNGOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- HEAD AND NECK MANIFESTATIONS
- PEDIATRIC HIV
- CONCLUSION

INDEX

TOC
Index

Chapter Notes