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Nursing Education
BT Basavanthappa
CHAPTER 1:
Introduction to Nursing Profession
INTRODUCTION
Growth of Professionalism
Professional Behaviors of Nurses
NURSING AS A PROFESSION
NURSING AS A CAREER
PURPOSES OF NURSING EDUCATION IN INDIA
EDUCATION FOR LEADERSHIP IN NURSING
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH IN NURSING
EDUCATION FOR NURSING MANPOWER
EDUCATIVE PROCESS IN NURSING
DIMENSIONS OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN NURSING
ELEMENTS OF EDUCATIVE PROCESS
CHAPTER 2:
Communication in Nursing
INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
ANATOMY OF COMMUNICATION (STRUCTURE)
PHYSIOLOGY OF COMMUNICATION (COMMUNICATION PROCESS)
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Developmental Stage
Gender
Roles and Relationships
Sociocultural Characteristics
Values and Perceptions
Space and Territoriality
Environment
Congruence
Interpersonal Attitudes
CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Oral Communication
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Metacommunication
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
Techniques of Therapeutic Communication
Nontherapeutic Responses
NONTHERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES
SOLER TECHNIQUE OF LISTENING
PROCESS RECORDINGS
FEEDBACK
Written Communication and Nurse
BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
NURSING DOCUMENTATION
Methods of Documentation
Use of Computers in Communication
Computers in Nursing Education
Computers in Nursing Administration
Nursing Administration
Using Computer as Decision Making
Decision Rules
Nursing Research
CHAPTER 3:
Interpersonal Relationship in Nursing
INTRODUCTION
Importance of Inter Personal Skills
Concept of Interpersonal Behavior
Problems of Interpersonal Relations
FRAMEWORK OF BEHAVIOR
Interpersonal Needs
POWER DEPENDENCY RELATIONSHIPS
INTERPERSONAL RESPONSE
TEACHER-STUDENTS RELATIONSHIP
NURSE-PATIENT RELALTIONSHIP
Self Concept and Professional Self
Dynamics of Interpersonal Relationship
Therapeutic Use of Self
The Johari Window
CHARACTERISTICS OF ENHANCING THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP
Rapport
Trust
Respect
Genuineness
Empathy
STAGES OF THE NURSE-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP
The Pre-interaction Phase
The Orientation (Introductory) Phase
The Working Phase
Transference and Countertransference
The Termination Phase
HELPING RELATIONSHIP
Developing Helping Relationships
NON-CARING COMMUNICATION BEHAVIOR IN RELATIONSHIP
RESULTS OF HELPING RELATIONSHIPS
CHAPTER 4:
Human Relationship in Nursing
SELF AND SELF DEVELOPMENT
Self Development
1. Need for Self Development
Extrinsic Reasons
Intrinsic Reasons
Phases of Development
Dynamics of Change
Good Human Relations Practice
Possess Four Human Qualities
TASKS OF HUMAN RELATIONS SKILLS IMPROVEMENT
A. Sensitive to One's Attitude
B. Sensitive to the Motivation of Others
C. Recognise One's Feelings and Sentiments
D. Ability in Successful Communication
E. To Work Effectively as a Member of Group and Leader of a Group
F. Self Awareness and Social Awareness
HUMAN RELATIONS IN HEALTH CARE
Human Relationship and Self
GROUP DYNAMICS
GROUP INTERACTION
Classifications of Groups
Group–A Means of Need Fulfillment
Elements of Group Behavior
Unfavorable Sentiments
Consequence of Work Group Behavior
Types of Health Care Groups
Characteristics of Effective Groups
Assessing Group Dynamics
Group Self-Evaluation
CHAPTER 5:
Concepts of Education
MEANING OF EDUCATION
INDIAN CONCEPTS OF EDUCATION
WESTERN CONCEPTS OF EDUCATION
Redden's Definition
Best Definition of Education by Gandhiji
Chief Characteristics of Education
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF EDUCATION
Biological Necessity
Social Necessity
Human Capacity for Learning
The Impressionability of the Child
NATURE OF EDUCATION
Broader and Narrower Meaning of Education
Education, a Science or an Art?
Informal Education
Formal Education
Nonformal Education
RELATIONSHIP OF EDUCATION TO TIME, PLACE AND OTHERS
Education Related to Time
Education Related to Place
Education and Social Change
Psychosocial Bases of Education
The Psychological Base
The Sociological Basis
Scope of Education
Narrower Sense
Broader Sense
CHAPTER 6:
Philosophies of Education
MEANING OF PHILOSOPHY
DEFINITIONS OF PHILOSOPHY
IMPORTANT PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION
Idealism
Meaning of Idealism
Chief Assertions of Idealism
Idealism in Education
Fundamental Principles of Idealism
Aims of Education
Philosophical Principles of Idealism in Education
Curriculum and Idealism
Methods of Teaching and Idealism
Role of the Teacher and Idealism
Discipline and Idealism
Contribution of Idealism to Education
Weaknesses and Limitations of Idealism in Education
Naturalism
Meaning of Naturalism
Chief Exponents of Naturalism
Definitions of Naturalism
Different forms of Naturalism
Naturalism in Education
Naturalism and Aims of Education
Naturalism and Curriculum
Naturalism and Methods of Teaching
Naturalism and Discipline
Naturalism and Teacher
Principles of Education According to Naturalism
Contribution of Naturalism to Education
Weaknesses of Naturalism in Education
Naturalist-tendencies in Education
Pragmatism
Background
Meaning
Observations
Pragmatism and the Education Process
Important Principles of Pragmatism
Pragmatism and Aims of Education
Pragmatism and Curriculum
Pragmatism and Methods of Teaching
Pragmatism and Discipline
Pragmatism and Teacher
Aims of Education in Pragmatism
Curriculum
Methods of Teaching
Role of the Teacher
Discipline and Pragmatism
Contribution of Pragmatism to Education
Weaknesses and Limitations of Pragmatism in Education
Existentialism
Main Assumptions of Existentialism
Existentialism and Education
Educational Implications of Existentialism
Limitations in Existentialism
Realism
Basic Concepts of Realism
Realism and Objectives of Education
Humanism
Educational Implications of Humanism
Mechanicalism Versus Humanism
Cardinal Principles of Humanism
Need for Synthesis
Eclectic Tendency in Education
What is Eclectic Tendency
Need for Eclectic Tendency
Areas of Agreement
INFLUENCES OF PHILOSOPHY ON EDUCATION
Relationship between Philosophy and Education
Statements of Modification of Behavior
Education is the Best Means for the Propagation of Philosophy
All Great Philosophers of the World have also been Great Educators
Philosophy Determines all the Broad Aspects of Education
Modern Philosophies have a Special Impact
Influence of Philosophy on Different Aspect of Education
Philosophy and Aims of Education
Philosophy and Curriculum
Philosophy and Textbooks
Philosophy and Methods
Philosophy and Discipline
Philosophy and Teacher
Philosophy and Evaluation
General Impact of Modern Philosophies on Education
Role of Educational Philosophy in Nursing
Components of Philosophy in Nursing
1. Traditional Philosophy
Idealism and Realism
Essentialism
Behaviorism
Modern and Postmodern Philosophy
Pragmatism
Reconstructionism
Progressivism
Existentialism
Humanism
Postmodernist Theories
Sample 1: Philosophy Statement
Sample 2: Philosophy of DGNM Program (INC)
Sample 3: Philosophy of UG Program (INC)
CHAPTER 7:
Aims of Education
NEED FOR THE AIMS IN EDUCATION
FACTORS DETERMINING EDUCATIONAL AIMS
EDUCATIONAL AIMS IN RELATION TO TIME AND SPACE
INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL AIMS OF EDUCATION
The Individual Aim of Education
Biological Standpoint
Naturalistic Standpoint
Psychological Standpoint
Spiritual or Moral Standpoint
Progressive Standpoint
Criticism
The Social Aim of Education
Social Aim of Education: Historical Evidence
Social Aim of Education in Democratic Countries
Criticism
Synthesis of Individual and the Social Aims
SPECIFIC AIMS OF EDUCATION
Vocational Aim
Importance of Vocational Aim
Cultural Aim
Limitation of the Cultural Aim
Moral or Character-building Aim
Character or Morality
The Spiritual Aim
Indian Contribution to Spirituality
Influence of spiritual Doctrine
Importance of Spirituality in Education
Limitation of the Spirituality Aim
Knowledge Aim Versus Vocational Aim
Modern Concept of True Knowledge
Importance of Knowledge Aim
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATION IN INDIA
Aims of Education Stated by the Secondary Education Commission, 1952-53
Aims of Indian Education According to Kothari Commission Report of 1966
Increasing Productivity
Achieving Social and National Integration
Accelerating the Process of Modernization
Cultivating Social, Moral and Spiritual Values
Education Commission 1964-66 on the Objectives of Education
Education and Productivity
Social and National Integration
Education and Consolidation of Democracy
Education and Modernization
Development of Social, Moral and Spiritual Values
Conclusion
AIMS OF EDUCATION IN INDEPENDENT INDIA
AIMS OF NURSING EDUCATION IN INDIA
Purpose
Nursing Manpower Development
The Aims and Objectives of the DGNM Program
Aims
Objectives
Aims and Objectives of UG Program in Nursing
Aims
Objectives
CHAPTER 8:
Functions of Education
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION OF THE FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION
Functions Toward Individual
Education as Integrated Growth
Education as Direction
Education as Preparation of Individual Child for Responsibilities and Privileges of Adult Life
Functions Toward Society
Education as a Social Function
Education as Continuous Reorganization and Integration of Activities and Experiences
Function Toward Nation
Functions of Education in National Life
CHAPTER 9:
Evolution of Education in India
EDUCATION IN ANCIENT INDIA
Main Features of Ancient Indian Education
Education during Hindu Period
Education during the Vedic Period (Up to about 1000 BC, When Most of the Vedic Literature was Composed)
Education during the Upanishad—Shutra Period (C, 1200 BC to 200 BC)
Education during the Dharmashastra Period (200 BC to 500 AD)
Education during the Puranic Period (500 AD to 1200 AD)
Buddhist Education in Ancient India
Women Education in Ancient India (before 200 BC)
Science Education in Ancient India
Commercial Education in Ancient India
Mathematics Education in Ancient India
Shiksha
Brahmacharya
Studentship in the Atharvaveda
Acharya (Teacher)
Upadhyaya
Upanayana (Introduction of the Pupil)
Nalanda
EDUCATION IN MEDIEVAL INDIA
Aims of Muslim Education
Maktab
Major Features of Hindu and Muslim Education
EDUCATION IN BRITISH INDIA
First Period (1765–1813)
Second Period (1813–1834)
Wood's Despatch
Hunter Education Commission Report
Government Resolution on Education Policy, 1904
Rise of the Spirit of Nationalism
Education Under Dyarchy
The Hartog Committee, 1929
Education Under Provincial Autonomy
Sargent Report
EDUCATION IN MODERN/INDEPENDENT INDIA
The Opening Balance in 1947
Constitutional Provisions of Education in India
Historical Background! Education—A State Subject
Education Under Provincial Autonomy (1937-47)
Constitutional Bases of Education Free in India
Distribution of Legislative Power
Controversy Regarding Constitutional Provisions
Constitution is Correct
CHAPTER 10:
Women Education in India
NURSING HERITAGE
REVIEW OF WOMEN EDUCATION IN INDIA
Fields for Women's Education
Appraisal of Women's Education
Coeducation
Meaning of Coeducation
Advantages of Coeducation
Disadvantages of Coeducation
Recommendations of the Indian University Education Commission
Coeducational Institutions and their State of Affairs
Recommendations
Coeducation and Secondary Education (1952-53)
Smt. Hansa Mehta Committee Recommendations of Women's Education (1962)
Recommendations of the National Council for Women Education
Primary Stage
Middle Stage
Secondary Stage
Cocurricular Activities
Textbooks
University Stage
Vocational Education
Public Support for Girls Education
Appointment of the Committee
Fields for the Cooperation of the Public
State Responsibility
Popularization of Girls Education
Education Commission on Women Education
Recommendations of the Education Commission (1964-66) on Women's/Girls Education
Women Teachers
National Council for Women's Education
CHAPTER 11:
Professional Education in India
INTRODUCTION
FIRST PERIOD (1800–1857)
Medicine
Law
Engineering
Other Forms of Vocational Education
SECOND PERIOD (1857–1902)
Law
Medicine
Human Medical Science
Veterinary Science
Engineering
Agriculture
Commercial Education
Miscellaneous
THIRD PERIOD (1903–1950)
Law
Medicine
Human Medical Science
Veterinary Science
Agriculture
Commerce
Miscellaneous
FOURTH PERIOD: GROWTH OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION SINCE 1950
Engineering and Technology
Other Fields
Scientific Personnel
Agricultural and Allied Personnel
Medical Personnel
Management
NURSING AND NURSING EDUCATION IN INDIA
Beginning of Modern Nursing
Military Nursing
Civilian Hospitals
Mission Hospitals
The Dufferin Fund
Textbooks
Nursing Education
Auxiliary Nursing
CHAPTER 12:
Curriculum Concepts
INTRODUCTION
MEANING OF CURRICULUM
VIEWS ON CURRICULUM
DEFINITIONS OF CURRICULUM
CURRICULUM AND EDUCATION
CURRICULUM IN NURSING EDUCATION
FUNCTIONS OF THE CURRICULUM
PRINCIPLES OF CURRICULUM CONSTRUCTION
FACTORS INFLUENCING CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Philosophy of Nursing Education
Educational Psychology (Knowledge about Learning)
Society (Social Changes)
Student
Life Activities
Knowledge
TYPES OF CURRICULUM
Traditional or Subject-Centered Curriculum
Defects of Traditional Curriculum
Defects Stated by Secondary Education Commission (SEC)
The Activity Curriculum
Meaning of Activity Curriculum
Importance of Activity Curriculum
Nature of Activities
Limitation of Activity Curriculum
Experience Curriculum
Meaning of Experience Curriculum
Importance of Experience Curriculum
Types of Experiences
Contents of Experience Curriculum
Experience and Traditional Curriculum
Undifferentiated Curriculum
Meaning of Undifferentiated Curriculum
Need and Importance of Undifferentiated Curriculum
Attempts at Making Curriculum Undifferentiated
Advantages of Undifferentiated Curriculum
Basic Education Curriculum
Meaning of Basic Education Curriculum
Principles of Basic Education Curriculum
Features of Basic Curriculum
Principles of Curriculum Construction for basic curriculum
Basic Principles of Curriculum Construction as Recommended by Secondary Education Commission
Life Centered or Balanced Curriculum
Meaning of Balanced Curriculum
How to Construct a Balanced Curriculum?
Balanced Curriculum at the Senior Basic or Middle Stage
Justification for Balanced Curriculum
Core Curriculum
MODEL OF CURRICULUM
Product Model or Behavioral Objectives Model
Implementing a Behavioral Objectives Model
Educational Outcome
Educational Aim
Secondary-Level Goals
Specific Behavioral Objectives
Learner's Observable Behavior
Conditions under which Achievement will be Demonstrated
Standard or Criterion of Performance
Levels of Objective
Cognitive Domain
Affective Domain
The Psychomotor Domain
A Critique of the Behavioral Objectives Model
Process Model of Curriculum
A Critique of the Process Model
A Comparison of Key Concepts of ‘Product’ and ‘Process’ Models
‘Cultural-Analysis’ Model of Curriculum
Other Models and Approches to the Curriculum
The Curriculum as a Map of Key Subjects
The Curriculum as a Schedule of Basic Skills
The Curriculum as a Portfolio of Meaningful Personal Experience
The Curriculum as in Agenda of Important Cultural Issues
STAGES OF CURRICULUM PLANNING
Directive Stage
Formative Stage
Functional Stage
The Evaluative Stage
LEVELS OF CURRICULUM PLANNING
Societal Curriculum
Institutional Curriculum
Instructional Curriculum
CHAPTER 13:
Curriculum Process
CURRICULUM IN NURSING
Types of Curricula
Curriculum frame works in India
PHASES OF CURRICULUM PROCESS
Phase I: Formulating the Statements of Philosophy
Formulating the Statement
Sample Statements of Philosophy—1
Sample of Statement of Philosophy—2
Sample of Statement of Philosophy—3 (An expected philosophy of the proposed university of nursing)
Phase II: Aims, Goals and Objectives
Establishing Purposes and Objectives
Illustration
College Objectives
Curriculum Objectives (Level III)
Aims and Objectives of Basic B.Sc Nursing
Aims
Objectives
Aims and Objectives of P.C. B.Sc Nursing
Aims
Objectives
Aims and Objectives of M.Sc Nursing Programme
Aims
Objectives
Phase III: Selection of Learning Experiences
Learning and Learning Experience
Classification of Learning Experiences
Characteristics of Good Learning Experiences
The Selection of Content
Phase IV: Organization and Integration of Experiences and Content
Organization of Learning Experiences
Criteria for Organizing Learning Experiences
Guidelines for the Selection, Organization of Learning Experiences
A Sample of Organization of Learning Experiences:
Phase V: Evaluation of the Curriculum
Criteria for Evaluation of Curriculum
Guidelines for Curriculum Evaluation
Curriculum Evaluation—A Continuous Process
An Organized Plan for Student Evaluation
Evaluation of Results as the Basis for Curriculum Revision and Improvement
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PHASES OF CURRICULUM
CHAPTER 14:
Curriculum Innovation
INTRODUCTION
CURRENT ISSUES IN THE NURSING CURRICULUM
External Issues
Issues in Higher Education
Issues Specific to the Nursing Profession
STRATEGIES TO IDENTIFY FORCES AND ISSUES
SHIFTING THE EDUCATIONAL FOCUS
NEED FOR CURRICULAR CHANGE
DIMENSIONS OF CURRICULAR CHANGE
FACTORS INFLUENCING CHANGE AND INNOVATION
Role of The Principal
The Climate of The School/College
GUIDELINES FOR CHANGE AND INNOVATION
CHAPTER 15:
Course Planning
INTRODUCTION TO COURSE PLAN
THE YEAR PLAN
UNIT PLAN
Characteristics of Unit Planning
Types of Unit Planning
Subject Matter Unit
Process Units and Experience Unit
Resource Units
Difference between Unit Plan and Daily Lesson Plan
Unit Planning in Nursing Courses
Selection and Statement of Objective
Classification of Objectives
Formulation of Statement of Objectives
Selection of the Unit Plan
Selection of the Learning Situation
Selection of the Content or Knowledge Component
Organization of Content of The Unit
Selection of Organizing Centers
Selection of Methods of Evaluation
Summary
DAILY LESSON PLANNING
Evolution of Lesson Plan
Nature of Lesson Plan in Teaching
Definition of Lesson Plan
Significance of Lesson Planning
Characteristics of Good Lesson Plan
Teaching Unit
Teacher's Requirements in Lesson Planning
Types of Lesson Plans
Herbartian Approach to Lesson Planning
Merits of Herbartion Lesson Planning
Demerits of Herbartian Approach
Bloom's Approach to Leasson Planning
Merits of Bloom Lesson-planning
Demerits of Bloom's Lesson Planning
RCEM Approach to Lesson Planning
COMPETENCIES AND SKILLS NEEDED IN EFFECTIVE LESSON
Meaning of Teacher Competence
Technical Skills of Teaching
Meaning and Nature of Technical Skills
Check-list for the Evaluation of a Lesson
Guidelines For Pupil-teachers While doing Teaching Practice
SAMPLE CLASS PLANS
Sample Class Plan I
SAMPLE OF COURSE PLANNING
SAMPLE OF THE UNIT PLAN
(Modified by Dr BT Basavanthappa)
CHAPTER 16:
Teaching and the Teacher
CONCEPT OF TEACHING
TEACHING BEHAVIORS
Authoritarian Teaching Behavior
Democratic Teaching Behavior
Laissez-faire Teaching Behavior
DEFINITIONS OF TEACHING
NATURE OF TEACHING
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD TEACHING
TRIUMPH MARKS OF GOOD TEACHING
ROLES OF THE TEACHER IN NURSING
Instructional Role
Faculty Role
Individual Roles
GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF TEACHING
TEACHER STUDENTS RELATIONSHIP
Authoritarian Teacher
Democratic Teacher
A Laissez-faire Teacher
COMMUNICATION PROCESS IN TEACHING
Introduction
Communication Models
Linear View Model (Fig. 16.1)
Common Area Model
SMCR Model (DK Berlo) (Table 16.1 and Fig. 16.3)
Classification or Types of Communication
Communication Barriers
Effective Communication in Teaching-Learning
PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING
MAXIMS OF TEACHING
LEVELS OF TEACHING
Autonomous Level of Teaching-Learning
Memory Level of Teaching-Learning
Understanding Level of Teaching-Learning
Understanding as Seeing Relationship
Understanding the Use of a Fact
Understanding as Noun
MORRISON'S IDEA ON TEACHING FOR UNDERSTANDING
Biological Adaptation
MORRISON'S TEACHING PROCEDURE
Exploration
Presentation
Assimilation
Organization
Recitation
TEACHING SKILLS
1. Analyzing the Student Group
2. Discussion Leading
Brain Storming
Socratic Direction
Class Control Can be Made
Teaching Tempo
Listening
Methods for Dealing with Student Questions or Statements (Table 16.2)
Mannerisms
Advantages of Teaching Skills
Disadvantages of Teaching Skills
Problem solving in Teaching
Steps in Problem Solving
CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE TEACHER
TEACHER'S ROLES AND ACTIVITIES
Teacher Roles
Teacher Activities
Identifying the Expected Outcomes of the Process
Making Analyses of the Student
Specifying the Objectives of Teaching to the Learners
Selecting Information and Materials
Involving the Students in the Learning Activities
Directing and Guides the Learning Activities
Providing Situations for Using the Learning Involved
Evaluating the Outcomes of the Process
CONCEPT OF TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS
Teacher is a Student for Ever in his Career
Determining Teacher Effectiveness
Problems
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPERIOR TEACHERS
DIMENSIONS OF TEACHER BEHAVIOR
MODIFICATION OF TEACHER BEHAVIOR THROUGH FEEDBACK DEVICES
Simulated Social Skill Training
Meaning and Definitions
Assumptions of Simulation Technique
Procedures of SSST
Elements of Simulated Training
Taxonomy of Teacher-behavior
Advantages of Simulated Teaching
Use of Stimulated Social Skill Training
Microteaching
Brief History
Meaning and Definitions
Definitions of Microteaching
Assumptions of Microteaching
Teaching Skills
A Microteaching Approach
Microteaching Procedure
Advantages of Microteaching
Programmed Instruction
Origin
Meaning and Definitions
Principles of Programmed Instruction
Assumptions of Programmed Instruction
Objectives of Programmed Instruction
Characteristics of Programmed Instruction
Steps for Development of Programmed Instruction
Programmed Instruction as a Feedback Device
Interaction Analysis
Interaction Analysis as a Feedback Device
Characteristics of Interaction Analysis
Precautions in the use of Interaction Analysis
T-group Training
T-group as a Feedback Device
Characteristics of T-group as a Feedback Device
Importance of Feedback Devices
INNOVATIONS IN TEACHING
Team Teaching
Origin of Team Teaching
Meaning and Definition of Team Teaching
Types of Team-teaching
Objectives of Team-teaching
Principle of Team-teaching
Procedures of Organizing Team-teaching
Advantages of Team-teaching
Limitations of Team-teaching
Suggestions regarding the Use of Team-teaching
Personalized System of Instruction (PSI)
Origin
Concept of Personalized System of Instruction
Purposes of PSI
Main Features of Personalized System of Instruction (PSI)
Various Strategies for PSI
Uses of Personalized System of Instruction (PSI)
Suggestions for PSI
Educational Games
Objectives of Educational Games
Procedure for Educational Games
Characteristics of Educational Games
CHAPTER 17:
Teaching and Learning Process
INTRODUCTION
TEACHING
LEARNING
TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS
Assessment
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Premises of Educational Framework
Premises of Learning Theories
Anatomy of Teaching
Physiology of Teaching
Diagnostic Function
Prescriptive Function
Evaluative Function
LEARNING AND LEARNING CHARACTERISTICS
Characteristics of Learning
Domains of Learning
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE LEARNING
Learning Experiences and Behavioral Objectives
Teaching-learning Environment
Motivation Toward Objectives
Individual Differences
Association
Active Participation and Practice
The Learning Preparation
Sequencing or Ordering of Subject Content
Development of Skills
Relationships between Teaching and Learning
PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING
Burton's Principles of Teaching
Basic Principles in Good Teaching-learning Situations
MANAGEMENT IN TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS
LEARNING CATEGORIES (DOMAINS) AND LEVELS OF LEARNING
Domains or Categories of Learning
Analysis of Competencies by Dominant and Secondary Domains
LEVELS OF LEARNING WITHIN DOMAINS
Cognitive Behavior
Psychomotor Behaviors
Affective Behaviors
PLANNING FOR TEACHING-LEARNING IN NURSING
Task Analysis
Classification of Task Analyses
Identification of Nursing Situations
Competencies
Agreeing Upon Student to be Applied to each Task
Joining Task and Students in the Formation of Competencies
Identification of Teaching Objectives
Taxonomies of Educational Objectives
Domains of Instructional Objectives
Stating Instructional Objectives as Learning Outcomes
Cognitive Domain
Affective Domain
Valuing Process
Psychomotor Domain
Psychomotor Levels
Formulating Learning Objectives in Behavioral Objective
Steps in Writing Behavioral Objectives
ROLE OF THE ‘VERB’ IN WRITING BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES
Objectives, Determining the Behavior
Verbs for Cognitive Competencies
Verbs for Cognitive Domain
Question in Congnitive Domain
Verbs for Affective Competencies
Verbs for Psychomotor Competencies
Result of the Performance: Product or Process
Conditions of Assessment
Criteria for Evaluation
The Elements
Sequencing Subcompetencies to Attain Behavioral Objectives
Pre- and Post-testing Measuring the Attainment of Behavioral Objectives
The RCEM Approach
Limitations of Robert Mager's Approach
Writing Objectives in Behavioral Form (RCEM Approach)
Topic—Task Analysis of Teaching Technology
Topic— ‘Density’ Physics
Topic— ‘Climate’ of Geography
Topic— ‘Fundamental Rights’ of Constitution
Topic— ‘Functions of Leaf’ of Biology
The Characteristics of the RCEM Approach
Limitations of the RCEM Approach
CHAPTER 18:
Teaching Strategies and Methods
INTRODUCTION TO TEACHING STRATEGIES
Objectives of Teaching Strategies
Characteristics of Teaching Strategies
Difference Between Methods and Strategies
CLASSIFICATION OF TEACHING STRATEGIES
Lecture Strategy
Advantage
Shortcomings and Limitations
Guidelines for Improvement in Lecture Strategy
Group Discussion Strategy
Meaning and Definition
The Organizational Procedure
Advantages of Group Discussion Strategy
Drawbacks and Limitations
Guidelines for the Effective Utilization of Group Discussion Strategy
Problem-solving Strategy
Definition
Organisational Process: Procedure Steps of Problem-Solving Strategy
Advantages of the Problem-Solving Strategy
Drawbacks and Limitations
Suggestions for effective use of problem solving strategy
Narration Strategy
Meaning
Use and Importance
Limitation and Defects
Suggestions for the Effective use of the Narration Strategy
Illustration Strategy
Meaning
Use and Importance
Defects and Limitations
Suggestions for Effective use of Illustrations
Questioning-Answering Strategy in Teaching
Meaning
Use and Importance
Limitations and Defects
Suggestions for the Effective use of Questioning-Answering Strategy
Demonstration Strategy
Meaning
Uses and Importance
Limitations and Defects
Guidelines for the Effective Use of Demonstration Strategy
Role-playing Strategy
Meaning and Definition
Phases or Steps Involved in Role-playing
Advantage
Demerits and Limitations
Gaming Strategy
Brain Storming Strategy
Meaning
Purposes of Brain storming are includes the following:
Guidelines used for Brainstorming includes the following:
Socratic Direction
Advantages of Brainstorming Strategy
Demerits and Limitations
METHODS OF TEACHING USED IN NURSING
Lecturing as a Teaching Method
Advantages
Disadvantages
Factors in Planning the Lecture
Lesson Plan
SAMPLE LESSON PLAN BASED ON SYSTEMS THEORY AND RCEM APPROACH
Assignment/Home Work/Critical Thinking Exercise
Opening and Closing the Lecture
Classroom Questioning Skill
Purposes of Educational Questioning (Dalment 1983)
Classification of Questions (Kerry 1980):
Questioning as a Teaching Method
Introduction
Definition of Question
Objective of Questions
Types of Questions
Characteristics of Effective Questions
Skill Essential for the Development of Successful Questions
Technique of Questioning
Teacher Reaction to Students Questions and Responses
Questioning Skills and Techniques in Teaching-Learning
Team Teaching
Definition
Advantages
Organization of Team Teaching
Demonstration as a Teaching Method
Definition
Advantages
Uses of Demonstrtion Method
Characteristics of Demonstration
Steps to demonstrating a psychomotor skill
Demonstration Method in Nursing Education
Discussion as a Teaching Method
General Principles
Meaning of Group Discussion
Composition of Group
Values of the Discussion Method in General
Place of Discussion in the Instructional Process
Levels of Discussion
Teacher Evaluation of Group Discussion
Forms of Discussions
Group Discussion Methods in Nursing Education
Problem-Discussion as a Teaching Method
Steps in Planning the Problem Discussion Lesson
Steps of Problem Solving
The Project Method
Introduction
Definition of Project
Need for Project-based Learning (PBL)
Project-based learning, as with all lessons, quires much preparation and planning
Sample-1
Sample-2
Characteristics of Project Method
Advantages of project based learning
Disadvantages of Project-based Learning
Types of Projects in Nursing
Characteristics of Selecting A Project
Advantages of Project Method
Disadvantages of the Project Method
Criteria for Selecting Project
Steps in Developing Project- As already started on.
SIMULATIONS IN EDUCATION
Principles of Simulation (Table 18.9)
Steps in Simulation
Role of the Teacher in Simulation
Simulation has its own values as given below
Key points to remembered in simulation will include:
Self Instructional Module
Meaning
Components of module includes:
Development of Self-learning Modules
Preparatory Phase
Implementation Phase
Evaluation Phase
Advantages of self-learning modules
MODIFICATION OF TEACHER BEHAVIOR (FEEDBACK DEVICES)
1. Simulated Social Skill Training
Meaning and Definitions
Assumptions of Simulation Technique
Procedure of SSST
Elements of Simulated Training
Taxonomy of Teacher-Behavior
Advantages of Simulated Teaching
Uses of Stimulated Social Skill Training
Micro-teaching
Brief History
Meaning and Definitions
Definitions of Micro-teaching
Assumptions of Micro-teaching
Teaching Skills
Micro-teaching Procedure
Evaluation Instruments
Advantages of Micro-teaching
Micro-teaching in Nursing
Introduction
Steps in Microteaching
Principles underlying micro-teaching
Aids in Micro-teaching
Advantage of MT in Nursing
Disadvantages
Programmed Instruction
Types
Advantages
Disadvantages
Technique of Programmed Instruction
Programmed Instruction in Nursing
Origin
Meaning and Definitions
Principles of Programmed Instruction
Assumptions of Programed Instruction
Assumptions of Programmed Instruction
Characteristics fo Programmed Instruction
Steps for Development of Programmed Instruction
Programmed Instruction as a Feedback Device
Interaction Analysis
Interaction Analysis as a Feedback Device
Characteristics of Interaction Analysis
Precautions in the Use of Interaction Analysis
T Group
Characteristics of T-Group as a Feedback Device
Importance of Feedback Devices
Concept Map Evaluation Key
CHAPTER 19:
Clinical Teaching Methods Used in Nursing
INTRODUCTION TO TEACHING CLINICAL NURSING
CREATIVE PROCESS
1. Openness
2. Focus
3. Discipline
4. Closure
Creativity or Problem-solving
CREATIVE PROCESS AND CLINICAL TEACHING IN NURSING
Openness
Focus
Discipline
Closure
Role of Teacher to Fosters Creativity in Clinical Nursing
OBJECTIVES OF CLINICAL NURSING
SELECTION OF LEARNING EXPERIENCES FOR CLINICAL NURSING
I. Survey of students
II. Survey of the educational unit
III. Clinical facilities (primary care facilities, hospitals, extended care facilities)
IV. Survey of the community
ORGANIZATION OF LEARNING EXPERIENCES FOR CLINICAL NURSING
Application of Criteria to Organization of Clinical Nursing Experience
Guidelines for Planning and Selection of Clinical Learning Experience
METHODS OF CLINICAL TEACHING IN NURSING
Guidelines for Selection of Methods Adapted for Use in Clinical Teaching
TEACHING METHODS ADAPTABLE TO CREATIVE TEACHING OF CLINICAL NURSING
Laboratory Method
Purposes of Laboratory Method
Limitations of Laboratory Work
Technics of the Laboratory Method
Preparation
Work period
Evaluation
Values of Laboratory Method
Main Teaching Nursing Arts, which include
Nursing Clinic
Purpose
Preplanning the Clinic
Levels of Discussion
Conclusion
Bedside Clinic (As a Method of Clinical Teaching)
Purpose
Steps Involved in Conducting the Bedside Clinic
Advantages of Bedside Clinic/Bedside Teaching
Disadvantages of Bedside Clinic Bedside Teaching
Nursing Rounds (As a Method of Clinical Teaching)
Factors to be Kept in Mind When Planning Nursing Rounds
Advantages of Nursing Rounds
Preparation by the Head Nurse
Method of Conducting Nursing Rounds
Post Conference
Nursing Care Study
Nursing Assignment (As a Method of Teaching)
Meaning
Definition of Assignment (General)
Definition of Clinical Assignment
Objectives
Methods of Assignment
Criteria for Effective Assignment
Principles of Student's Assignments
Teachers’ Responsibility in Assisting Students in Their Assignment
Factors to consider while planning assignments
Advantages of patient method of assignment
Advantages of functional method of assignment
Advantages of team method of assignment
Disadvantages of patient method
Disadvantages of functional method
Disadvantages of team method
Nursing Care Conference
Nursing Care Conference as a Method of Teaching
Planning and Preparation
Technique
Phases
Advantages
Disadvantages
Nursing Team Conference
Nursing Team Conference (As a Method of Clinical Teaching)
Meaning of Team Nursing
Meaning of Conference
Advantages of the Nursing Team Conference
Objectives of the Nursing Team Conference
Conference Procedure
The Major Types of Conferences
Demands on the Professional Nurse
Team Conferences in Community Health Nursing
Morning and Evening Reports
Definition
Type of Reports
Criteria for a Good Report
Reports Between the Head Nurse and Her Assistant
Reports Between Nurses Who Are Assigned to Bedside Care
Reports to the Clinical Instructor
Report of the Charge Nurse to the Physician
Day, Evening and Night Reports
Team-teaching Conferences
Health Team Conference as a Clinical Teaching Method
Definition
Objective of the Health Team Conference
Principles of Health Teams Conference
Individual Conference
Purposes
Teachnic of the Individual Conference
Principles of Individual Conference
Practical Uses
Use of the Individual Conference in Nursing Courses
Process Recording
Definitions of Process Record
Purpose and Uses
Suggested Outlines for Process Recording
Process Record in Nursing
Process Recording as a Method of Clinical Teaching
Uses of the Process Record
Process Recording as a Method of Clinical Teaching
Uses of the Process Record
Guidelines to Students
Statement of Goals or Objectives
Record of Interaction between Nurse and the Patient
Therapeutic Relationship
Phases of Therapeutic Relationship
Example of a Section of a Process Recording
Client Behavior
Nurse Behavior
Analysis
Different Phases in Process Recording
Guidelines to Students
Statement of goals or objectives
Record of Interaction between Nurse and the Patient
Therapeutic Relationship
Phases of Therapeutic Relationship
The Seminar
The Seminar as a Method of Teaching
Requirements of Seminar
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conducting a Seminar
The Functions of the Teacher in Seminar
Case Analysis Method
Case Incident Method
Role Playing
Role-Play as a Teaching Method in Nursing
Definition
Purposes of Role-Play in Nursing
Principles of Role-Play
Setting up of Role-Playing
Role of a Teacher in Role-Play of Teaching
Values of Role-Playing
Limitations of Role-Play
Field-trip (As a Teaching Method of Clinical Teaching)
Definition
Purposes
Organisation and Procedure of Field-trip
Actual conduct of the trip
Evaluation phase
Organization and Procedure for Field-trips
Values of the Field-trip
Disadvantages of Field Trips
Summary
TECHNIQUES FOR HIGHER TEACHING
Conference Technique
Meaning and Definition of Conference
Objectives of Conference
Procedure of Conference Technique
Advantages of Conference
Limitations of Conference Technique
Seminar Technique
Meaning and Definition of Seminar Technique
Objectives of Seminar Technique
Roles of Seminar Technique
Advantages of a Seminar
Essentials for Seminar
Types of Seminar
Limitation of Seminar Technique
Symposium Technique
Meaning and Definition
Objectives of Symposium
Mechanism of Symposium Technique
Precautions for Symposium
Scope for the Use of Symposium
Characteristics of Symposium Technique
Limitations of Symposium Technique
Purposes of Symposium
Techniques of Symposium
Advantages
Disadvantages
Workshop Technique
Definition of Workshop Technique
Source of Workshop Technique
Objectives of Workshop
Procedure of Workshop Technique
Scope of Workshop Technique
Roles in Workshop Technique
Advantage of Workshop Technique
Limitations of Workshop
Panel Discussion Technique
Origin of Panel Discussion Technique
Objective of panel discussion
Theoretical basis of panel discussion
Types of Panel Discussion
Procedure of Panel Discussion
Use of Panel Discussion Technique
Characteristics of Panel Discussion
Limitations of Panel Discussion Technique
Suggestions for Organizing Panel Discussion
Clinical Supervision
CHAPTER 20:
Educational Communication Media
INTRODUCTION
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION (REVIEW)
Steps of Communication
Kinds of Communication
Communication in the Classroom
Cone of Experience
AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS IN EDUCATION
Definition of Audio-visual Aids
Instructional Media
Different Instructions Materials and Modes
Presentation techniques and instructional media
SIGNIFICANCE OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
Psychology of Using Teaching Aids/Audio-visual Aids
Popular Sayings on Audio-visual Aids
Characteristics of Good Teaching Aids
Selecting suitable media and materials for specific purposes
Guidelines for use of instructional aids
Classification of Teaching Aids
AUDIO-VISUAL COMMUNICATION
Significance of Audio-visual Classroom Communication
Psychological Bases of Audio-visual Aids
Success of Audio-visual Aids
Terminology
Taxonomy of Audio-visual Aids
INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENT AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
Graphic Teaching Aids
1. Charts
2. Pictures
3. Diagrams
4. Maps
5. Graphs
6. Posters
7. Cartoons
8. Comic Strips
9. Flash Cards
Display Boards as Teaching Aids
Blackboard or Chalkboard
Bulletin Boards
Flannel Board
Magnetic Chalkboard
Non-projected Teaching Aids
1. Models
2. Objects and Specimens
3. Exhibitions
4. Museums
5. Dioramas
Activity Teaching Aids
1. Field Trips
Demonstrations
3. Experiment
4. Dramatization
5. Puppetry
Auditory Aids
Radio
Recording Devices
Record Disc Player
Tape Recorder
Still Projected Aids
1. Opaque Projections
2. Slide and Film-strip Projection
3. Overhead Projection(OHP)
Motion Pictures
Video
Television
Computers as Teaching Aids
Computers
Computer-mediated Video
SELECTION, USE AND EVALUATION OF TEACHING AIDS
Selection
Criteria for Selection of Audio-visual Aids
Use of Audio-visual Aids
Traits of An Effective User of Audio-visual Aids
Audio-visual Room
Evaluation of Teaching Aids
Classroom Applications of Audio-visual Aids
Concept Mapping
Advantages of Concept Mapping
i. Summarizing Readings
ii. Summarizing Lecturers
iii. Making Notes in a Seminar or Workshop
iv. Reviewing for an Examination
v. Working on an Essay
vi. Creative Writing
Categories of Concept Maps
i. Spider Concept Maps
ii. Hierarchy Concept Map
iii. The flowchart concept map organizes information in a linear formal.
iv. Systems Concept Map (Fig. 20.25)
Concept Maps and Curriculum Design
Concept Maps for Evaluation
Advantages
Teaching of Concept Map
CHAPTER 21:
Educational Evaluation in Nursing
INTRODUCTION
MEANING AND DEFINITIONS
NATURE OF EVALUATION
PURPOSES OF EVALUATION
Term Used in Evaluation
THE EVALUATION PROCESS
Identifying the Purpose of the Evaluation
Identifying a Time Frame
Determining When to Evaluate
Selection of Evaluator
Choosing an Evaluation Design/ Framework or Model
Selecting an Evaluation Instrument(s)
Types of Instruments of Evaluation
Selection and Development of Evaluation Instruments
Reliability and Validity of Evaluation Instruments Used in Nursing Education
Collecting Data
Interpreting Data
Reporting the Findings
Using the Findings
Considering the Costs of Evaluation
PURPOSES OF EVALUATION IN NURSING
CHARACTERISTICS OF EVALUATION IN NURSING
TYPES OF EVALUATION
Formative Evaluation
Summative Evaluation
Chief Characteristics for the Summative Evaluation
Differences Between Formative and Summative Evaluation
Classification of Evaluative Techniques
Quantitative Techniques
Qualitative Techniques
DEFINITIONS OF EXAMINATIONS
PURPOSES OF EXAMINATION
Written Test Examination
PLANNING THE TEST
Purpose of the Test
Types of Tests
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXAMINATIONS
Essay Type Examinations or Essay Tests
Classification of Essay Questions
Advantages of Essay Type Test
Disadvantages of Essay Type Test
Suggestions for the Essay Type Tests
Essay Question
General Principles of Construction
Scoring Essay Type Questions
Summary of Essay Test
Extended Response
Restricted Response
Writing of Essay Test
Systematic Construction of Essay
Grading Essay
Methods of Grading
Advantages
Limitations
Advantages
Sequential Scoring
Checklist for Writing Essay Question
Objective Type Test/ Examination
Introduction
Definitions and Meaning of Objective Test
Advantages of Objective Type Test
Disadvantages of Objective Type Tests
Classification of Objective Type Tests
Selecting Item Types
Selecting Item Difficulty
Determining Number of Items
ITEM WRITING
Short Answer Type Items
Definitions of Short Answer Type Test
Advantages
Disadvantages
Alternate-Response Type Tests
True-false Items
Advantage
Disadvantages
Guidelines for Writing True-false Items
Advantages of Alternate-Response Test Items
Disadvantages of Alternate Response Test Items
General Principles of Construction
Multiple Recognition Questions/MRC
Multiple Choice Type Test Items
Advantages
Disadvantages
Guidelines for Writing Multiple Choice Items
Stem
Options
Examples
Merits of Multiple Choice Items
Limitation of Multiple Choice Items
Guidelines for Constructing Multiple Choice Items
Multiple Response Multiple Choice Items
Advantages
Disadvantage
Guidelines for Writing Multiple Response Multiple Choice Items
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
USING TEST BANKS AND TEST AUTHORING SYSTEMS
Matching Type Test Items
Matching Items
Definition
Advantage of Matching Type Test Item
Advantages
Disadvantages of Matching Type Item
Guidelines for Constructing Matching Test
Guidelines for Writing Matching Items
Matching Questions: Illustrations
General Principles of Construction
Achievement Test Construction
General Principles
Principles for Preparing Essay Type Items
Short-Answer Items
Advantages
Disadvantages
Guidelines for writing short-answer Items
Principles for Preparing Short Answer Type Items
Interpretive Items
Advantages
Disadvantages
Guidelines for Writing Interpretive Items
EDITING TEST
Problem-solving Evaluation
General Principles of Construction
Situation
Illustration
Questions
Illustration II
Questions
Critical Incident
Illustrations
Decision-making
Illustrations
Multimedia
General Principles of Construction
Illustrations
Questions
Illustration of the use of a film
Papers and Other Written Assignments
General Principles
Group Projects
General Principles
Illustration Group Presentation before A Class
Illustration (Seminar)
Oral Examination
Types of Oral Examination
Objectives of Oral Examination
Advantages of Oral Examination
Disadvantages of Oral Exams
CHAPTER 22:
Evaluation of Clinical Practice in Nursing
INTRODUCTION
General Issues in Assessment of Clinical Evaluation
CLINICAL EVALUATION
Purposes of Clinical Evaluation
Principles of Clinical Evaluation
ASSESSING CLINICAL PERFORMANCE
Criteria for Developing Tools for Assessing Clinical Performance
Rating Scales
CLINICAL EVALUATION PROCESS
I. Preparation Phase
Choosing the Clinical Setting and Patient Assignment as a Part of the Evaluation Process
Determining the Standards and Measurement Tools
II. Clinical Activity Phase
Sample of Student Evaluation of Clinical Setting
III. Final Data Interpretation and Presentation
CLASSIFICATION OF CLINICAL EVALUATION
Observation Techniques
TYPES OF OBSERVATION TOOLS
Checklist
Construction of Checklists
Utilization of Checklists
Assessment Instrument
Clinical Skills Assessment Tools: Advice to Student and Observer
Activities Common to All Tests
Anecdotal Record
Characteristics of Anecdotal Records
Anecdotes
Merits of Anecdotal Records
Demerits of Anecdotal Records
Anecdotal Notes
Critical Incident Technique
Rating Scales
Advantages of Rating Scale
Disadvantages of Rating Scales
Types of Rating Scales
Sources of Error in Rating Scales
Improving the Rating Scale
Improving the Rater
Factors Improving Validity of Rating
ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT 1
CLINICAL EVALUATION TOOL
ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT 2
Evaluation Forms for Specific Techniques
Hanging and Monitoring IV drip
Administering Piggyback Medications
Change of Dressing
Application of Elastic Bandages
Protective Isolation
Isolation (Bagging-out and Leaving Room)
Urinary Bladder Catheterization
Tracheal Suctioning
ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT 3
Rating Scales
General Guidelines for Clinical Evaluation
Developing Rating Scale for Performance Evaluation
Descriptive Guide for Evaluation of Student
Planning
Implementing
Interpersonal Relations
Communications
Evaluation
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION METHODS AS CLINICAL EVALUATION
Nurses Notes
Problem Oriented Records
Nursing Care Studies
Process Recording
ORAL COMMUNICATION METHODS AS CLINICAL EVALUATION
Nursing Patient Care Conferences
Nursing Team Conference
Multiple Approaches to Clinical Evaluation
CHAPTER 23:
Internal Assessment and Examination
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
Need for Internal Assessment
Significance of Internal Assessment
Components of the Internal Assessment
Weightage to Items of Internal Assessment
(i) Subjectwise Assessment
(ii) Assessment of Cocurricular Activities
(iii) Assessment of Personality Traits
Advantages of Internal Assessment
Disadvantages of Internal Assessment
Type of Question used for Internal Assessment
ASSEMBLING AND ADMINISTERING A TEST
Arranging items
Writing Test Directions
EXISTING EVALUATION SYSTEM OF GNM COURSE
(1) Existing Scheme for Internal Assessment of GNM Course
First year
Second year
Third Year
(2) Existing Scheme of Examination of DGNM Course
INTERNSHIP PERIOD
General Objectives
Details of Internship Period
Break Up of Clinical Experience
Scheme of Evaluation-Internship Period (School Exam)
Theory Examination
Practical Evaluation: School Assessment
CONDUCTING EXAMINATION OF DEGREE COURSES IN NURSING
The Definitions, Purposes and different Types of Examination Discussed in Chapter 21
RESPONSIBILITIES OF PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN EXAMINATION (UG, PG)
I. Registrar (evaluation)/ Controller of Examination He/ She:
II. Deputy Registrar (evaluation)/ Deputy Controller of Examination:
Responsibilities of Examiners
Guidelines for Value of Theory Answer Scripts
Penalties for any Paper on Examination
Responsibilities of verifiers
Penalties for Mistakes in Verification
Responsibilities of Dispatching Officer, etc
Declaration of Centers of Examination and Appointment of Chief Superintendents
Responsibilities of Chief Superintendent and Deputy Chief Superintendent of the Centers of Examination
Note to be read by room superintendents
Penalties
Responsibilities of Room Superintendent of Examination Centre
Responsibilities of Room Superintendents/Invigilators
Responsibilities of Ministerial and Group ‘D’ Staff Required for the Conduct of Examinations
Appointment of Scribes
Power and Functions of Observer
THEORY
MCQ
Important
Instructions to staff involved in conducting Examination
Instruction to Invigilators
OBSERVER
Session: Morning/Afternoon
General Instruction
Details of Invigilator's Diary:
DECLARATION OF RESULTS
Criteria for Pass: A candidate has to fulfill the following criteria
Declaration of Class: (Only in the final year examination)
Carry Over
Maximum number of attempts and maximum period for completion of the course
Award of degree
Eligibility of Examiner
CHAPTER 24:
Educational Administration
INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION
Difference between Administration and Management
Difference Between Organization and Management
Meaning of Educational Administration
Definition of Educational Administration
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION
ELEMENTS OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION
Decision Making
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Directing
Coordination
Reporting and Recording
Budgeting
Evaluation
FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION
EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION IN NURSING
NURSING COLLEGE ADMINISTRATION
Philosophy of the College of Nursing
Philosophy and Aims of the Academic Program
Sample of Organisation Chart of College of Nursing
INC Purpose and Objectives of BSc Nursing Program
Objectives
Admission Requirements
Duration
Vacation
Physical Facilities in the College of Nursing
Overall Requirements
Classrooms
Laboratories
Offices
Library
Other Physical Facilities
Other Amenities
Establishing a BSc Nursing Program in a College
Controlling Authority
Academic Control
Governing Body
College Administration
College Teaching Staff
Departmental Organization within the College
Committee Organization
Student Potential
Services for the Student
Clinical Facilities
Physical Facilities
Library
Audiovisual Aids Instructional Media
Content of Operational Budget
Guidelines and Minimum Pre-requisites to Start BSc (N)/MSc (N) Programs
Staffing Pattern
Part time Teachers/ External Teachers
Note: (Means refer Table 24.8 for qualifications and experience and faulty)
Non-Teaching and Supporting Staff (Minimum Requirements)
College Management Committee
Admission / Selection Committee
Physical Facilities
Building
1. Class Rooms
2. Laboratories
3. Auditorium
4. Multipurpose Hall
5. Library
6. Offices Requirements
7. Garage
8. Fire Extinguisher
9. Play ground
Clinical Facilities
Hospital
Staffing Pattern of the Hospital (Table 24.10)
Please note that:
Community Health Nursing Field Practiced Area
Hostel Facilities
Staff for the Hostel
Residential Accommodation
Creche
REGULATIONS OF BASIC B.SC. NURSING COURSE
1. Eligibility
Qualifying Examination
Duration of the Course
Admission Terms and Condition
Number of Seats
Admission Strength
Health Services
Please Note that
First year
Second year
Third year
Fourth year
NURSING SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION: SCHOOL OF GENERAL NURSING
Setting up of a School of Nursing (Minimum Requirements)
Guidelines
Teaching Faculty
Notes
Qualification of Teaching Staff
External Lecturers
Additional Staff for School of Nursing
School Management Committee
Budget
Physical Facilities
Clinical Facilities
Hospital
Distribution of Beds
Community Health Nursing Field Practice Area
Hostel for School of Nursing
Residential Accommodation
Creche
Staff for the Hostel
Admission Terms and Conditions for DGNM Course
Eligibility Criteria of Diploma in G.N.M. course
Admission / Selection Committee
Admission Strength
Training Period and Time Distribution
Duration of the Course
Vacation and holidays
Academic
Leave
Hostel
General
Vacation and Holidays
Supervision of Students in the Clinical Areas
Records
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
Note
Budget
ACCREDITATION
National Agencies
National Professional Accrediting Agency
CRITERIA FOR THE APPRAISAL OF BACCALAUREATE AND HIGHER DEGREE PROGRAMS IN NURSING
Purpose of the Criteria
Philosphy, Purposes, and Objectives
Organization and Administration
Faculty Composition, Qualifications and Functions
Curriculum and Instruction
Resources, Facilities, and Services
Students
Evaluation of the Program
Guidelines for Nursing Legislation
The Faculty Role in Higher Education
Faculty Appointment, Promotion, and Tenure
Appointment
Ranks
TENURE AND PROMOTION
Tenure
Promotion
REPORT OF THE HIGH POWER COMMITTEE ON NURSING AND NURSING PROFESSION
Conclusions and Summary of Recommendations
Recommendations
Working Conditions of Nursing Personnel
Additional Facilities for Nurses Working in Rural Areas
Nursing Education
Continuing Education and Staff Development
Nursing Services: Hospitals/Institutions (Urban Areas)
Status
Community Nursing Services
Norms Recommended for Nursing Service and Education Hospital Setting
Community Nursing Services
Nursing Legislation
Organization of Nursing Services
National Nursing Policy
JOB DESCRIPTIONS OF NURSING PERSONNEL
Staff Nurse
Title: Staff Nurse
Standard Norms and Inc (Nurse-Patient Ratio)
Job Summary
Duties and Responsibilities
Ward/unit Management
Operation Theater Management
Management of Labor Room
Management of Postoperative/ICU/Burns Units
Psychiatric Unit
Educational Function
Title: Senior Staff Nurse
Standard Norms
Job Summary
Direct Patient Care
Supervision and Administration
Educational Function
Nursing Superintendent Grade II
Title: Nursing Superintendent Gr II
Standard Norms
Job Summary
Patient Care and Ward/Unit Management
Educational Function
General
Nursing Superintendent Grade I
Title: Nursing Superintendent Gr I
Standard Norms
Job Summary
Nursing Services
General and Office Duties
Nursing Tutor/Clinical Instructors
Title: Nursing tutor in School of Nursing,
Standard Norms
Job Summary
Academic Function
Administration and Evaluation
Principal, School of Nursing
Title: Principal, School of General
Standard Norms
Job Summary
Duties and Responsibilities
Educational
Miscellaneous
Note
Lecturer, College of Nursing
Title: Lecturer, College of Nursing
Standard Norms
Job Summary
Instruction
Guidance and Counseling
Research
Assistant Professor, College of Nursing
Title: Assistant Professor, College of Nursing
Standard Norms
Job Summary
Administration
Instruction
Helping the Learners to Acquire Desirable Attitudes, Knowledge and Skill
Evaluative Learners Progress
Recording and Reporting
Investigating Ways of Improving Teaching
Guidance
Counseling
Assisting in Selection and Promotion of Learners
Research
Professor, College of Nursing
Title: Professor, college of Nursing
Standard Norms
Job Summary
Administration
Instruction
Helping the Learners to Acquire Desirable Attitudes, Knowledge and Skill
Evaluating Learner's Progress
Recording and Reporting
Investigative Way of Improving Teaching
Guidance
Counseling
Principal, College of Nursing
Title: Principal, College of Nursing
Standard Norms
Job Summary
Duties and Responsibilities of Nursing
Joint Director of Nursing/Deputy Director of Nursing/ Assistant Director of Nursing
Title: Assistant Director of Nursing/Deputy Director of Nursing/Joint Director of Nursing
Standard Norms
Job summary
Duties and Responsibilities
Public Health Nurse—District Family Welfare Bureau
Essential Qualification
Professional qualification
Pay Scales
Membership
Job Description
CHAPTER 25:
Guidance and Counseling in Nursing Education
NEED FOR GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING IN NURSING EDUCATION
Meaning of Guidance and Counseling
SCOPE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING IN EDUCATION
ASSUMPTIONS OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
Types of Guidance
Objective of Guidance
EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE IN NURSING
Objectives of Educational Guidance
Principles of Educational Guidance
Classification of Students in Educational Guidance
Identification of Students Problems
Achievement Tests
Aptitude Tests
Intelligence Tests
Interest Inventories
Ethics in Collecting Guidance Information
Guidance Folder and Master Register
Strategies for Educational Guidance
Group Approach
Procedures
Induction Program
Hints for Planning Induction
Guidance for Special Learners
Guidance for Learners with Learning Difficulties
Guidance for Under-achievers
Guidance for Gifted Learners
Approach to Problem Solving
PHASES OF COUNSELING
Approaches to Counseling
Directive Counseling
Non-directive Counseling
Eclectic Approach to Counseling
Group Counseling
Organization of Counseling Services
Purposes of Organizing Counseling Services
The Objectives of a Counseling Program
Types of Counseling Services
Other Ingredients of the Counseling Services
Research and Evaluation
Tools for Collecting Information
Non-testing Tools(Other than Psychological Test Tools)
Psychological Test
Counseling Personnel
Resources for Counseling
Attributes and Skills Required of a Counselor
Pre-training Attributes
Inter-training Attributes
PROBLEMS IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
TYPES OF STUDENT GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICES IN NURSING EDUCATION
Precollege Orientation
Preadmission Psychological Testing
Aptitude Tests
Selection of Students
Educational and Vocational Counseling
Personal Adjustment Counseling
Physical and Mental Health Services
Remedial Services
Residence and Food Services
Activities Program
Disciplinary Counseling
Financial Assistance
Foreign Students
Religious Activities
Marriage Counseling
Occupational Placement Services
Continued Program of Evaluation of Student Services
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE NURSE ADMINISTRATOR IN STUDENT GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICES
Recruitment of Students
Selection of Students
Retention Selection
Orientation
Improving Student Welfare
Academic Counseling
Students Records System
Appendices
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
NOTE: The students
Behavioral Objectives
Study Activities
Practicum
Reviewing and Evaluating
Course Purpose
Course Description
Objectives
Methodology of Workshop
INDEX
TOC
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