Pediatric Quiz for Undergraduates 1996-2006 Swati Y Bhave, Nitin K Shah, Archana Kher, Sandeep B Bavdekar
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Applied Basic Sciences1

  1. Name the amino acid whose absorption is deficient in Hartnup disease.
Tryptophan.
  1. Name the amino acid that is a precursor of melanin.
Tyrosine.
  1. What is the source of energy to the brain during starvation?
Ketones.
  1. Which mineral is complexed with insulin in beta-cell granules?
Zinc.
  1. Name an enzyme whose levels in growing children are higher as compared to those in adults.
Alkaline phosphatase.
  1. Which triglycerides are directly absorbed in the portal venous system?
Medium chain triglycerides.
  1. What amino acid substitution in globin chains leads to sickle cell anemia?
Glutamic acid replaced by valine.
  1. What is aneuploidy?
Abnormal number of chromosomes that is not an exact multiple of haploid number.
  1. What is the karyotype in Klinefelter's syndrome?
47XXY.2
  1. Name the commonest trisomy compatible with life.
Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome).
  1. Where is gene defect of Duchenne Muscular dystrophy situated?
On the X chromosome (at Xp 21).
  1. Name a malignancy wherein Philadelphia chromosome is found.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia.
  1. This chromosomal aberration is seen in many patients with retinoblastoma.
Deletion of chromosome 13.
  1. Name the chromosomes involved in Philadelphia chromosome.
Chromosome 9,22.
  1. What is random inactivation of X chromosome also called?
Lyon hypothesis.
  1. What is the commonly used term for heterochromatin?
Barr body.
  1. Name any two chromosomes commonly involved in translocation type of Down Syndrome.
Chromosomes 14, 15, & 21 [t (14/21); t (15/21); t (21/21)].
  1. How many Barr bodies would you see in a patient with Turner Syndrome?
None.
  1. Where is the gene for sickle cell disease located?
Chromosome 11.
  1. Name the antigenic locus on Y chromosome essential for testicular development.
H-Y antigen.3
  1. Where are genes controlling alpha-globin chain synthesis located?
Chromosome 11 and chromosome 16.
  1. Name the stain used for “G' banding of chromosomes.
Giesma.
  1. What is the total number of chromosomes in a triploidy?
Sixty-nine.
  1. Saltatory conduction is seen in myelinated axons, where is the action potential generated?
At nodes of Ranvier.
  1. Name the enzyme that helps in formation of acetylcholine in the nerve terminal.
Choline acetyltransferase (CAT).
  1. Name a sensation encoded by rapidly adapting Pacinian corpuscles.
Vibration, stretch, tension, deep pressure.
  1. What is the unit for power of lens?
Diopters.
  1. From where does the lens derive its nutrition?
Aqueous humor.
  1. Name the organ that synthesizes urea.
Liver.
  1. Name a syndrome associated with increased gastric acid secretion and islet cell hypertrophy.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
  1. What do chief cells secrete in the stomach?
Pepsinogen.
  1. Name the organ that contributes maximally to basal metabolic rate during the state of rest.
Liver.4
  1. This colloid contributes maximally to the colloid oncotic pressure at the capillary level.
Albumin.
  1. Which is the innermost layer of adrenal cortex?
Zona reticularis.
  1. Name two enzymes found in the saliva.
Amylase (Ptylin) and lingual lipase.
  1. Name the neurotransmitter that is released at pre-ganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic fibers.
Acetylcholine.
  1. Urinary clearance of this substance is most often used as a measure of glomerular filtration rate.
Creatinine.
  1. A mentally retarded girl has the karyotype 48, XXXX. How many Barr bodies would you detect in her buccal smear?
Three.
  1. A mentally retarded infant has microcephaly, characte-ristic facial appearance and a cat-like cry. What chromosomal aberration is most likely?
Deletion of short arm of chromosome 5 (5 p-).
  1. A long faced 10-year-old mentally retarded boy with prominent ears is found to have large testes. Name the chromosomal anomaly most likely to be associated with these features.
Fragile X syndrome.
  1. What does ‘PCR’ stand for?
Polymerase chain reaction.
  1. What does the acronym DNA mean?
Deoxyribo nucleic acid.
  1. What ocular defect occurs due to malclosure of the optic fissure during the fifth week of gestation?
Coloboma.5
  1. Where do Tamm Horsfall proteins originate from in the kidneys?
Cells of ascending loop of Henle.
  1. Name an endocrine gland that is aplastic when structures arising from third and fourth pharyngeal pouches are abnormal.
Parathyroid gland.
  1. Neural tube defects occur due to failure of the neural tube to close spontaneously. At what gestational age does this closure normally occur?
Third and fourth week.
  1. What defect results, if the pleuroperitoneal canal fails to close?
Diaphragmatic hernia.
  1. What cardiac condition occurs due to defective development of the chest wall?
Ectopia cordis.
  1. Name a tumor that arises from the remnants of Rathkes' pouch.
Craniopharyngioma.
  1. Name the foramina through which the CSF flows from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle.
Foramina of Monro.
  1. Which layer of adrenal cortex is responsible for the synthesis of corticosterone?
Zona glomerulosa.
  1. Which anomaly results from sequestration of the jugular lymph sac?
Cystic hygroma.
  1. Name the surgical condition resulting from Ladd's bands.
Malrotation of the gut.6
  1. This tumour arises from the chromaffin cells in the adrenal glands. Name it.
Pheochromocytoma.
  1. Name the organism responsible for Waterhouse Friedrichson Syndrome.
N. meningococcus.
  1. This organism can be typed using Quellung reaction.
Pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae or Diplococcus pneumoniae).
  1. Name the vector for Japanese B encephalitis virus.
Culex (tritaeniorhynchus, vishnui, gelidus).
  1. This protozoan infection is diagnosed by Sabin Feldman dye test.
Toxoplasmosis.
  1. Name the transport medium for vibrio cholerae.
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan medium.
  1. What is the causative agent of Weil's disease?
Leptospira icterohemorrhagica.
  1. Name the culture medium for Bordetella pertussis.
Bordet Gengou medium.
  1. This organism is the commonest causative agent for acute diarrhea in children.
Rotavirus.
  1. This anerobic organism is responsible for pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Name it.
Clostridium difficile.
  1. This fungus is the commonest cause for meningitis in immunocompromised children.
Cryptococcus.
  1. Name the vector for dengue fever.
Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus.7
  1. Name the organism responsible for toxic shock syndrome.
Staphylococcus.
  1. What does the presence of HBe antigen in blood indicate?
High infectivity.
  1. What does prozone phenomenon relate to?
Excess of antigen.
  1. Name the definitive host for guinea worm.
Man.
  1. Name the genus to which itchmite belongs.
Sarcoptes.
  1. What is Eaton agent?
Mycoplasma.
  1. Name the serological marker in blood that is used to diagnose Hepatitis B infection during the window period.
Anti HBc.
  1. Name the causative agent for hydatid disease.
Echinococcus granulosus (canine tapeworm).
  1. Name the organism you would associate ecthyma gangrenosum with.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  1. A leucocyte can squeeze through pores in the capillary walls What process are we referring to?
Diapedesis.
  1. Name a gram-negative bacterium responsible for sepsis in children with splenic hypofunction.
Hemophilus influenzae, Neisseria species, Salmonella species.
  1. Genetic information is transferred among bacteria through the agency of free DNA. Name the process.
Transformation.8
  1. Name the virus implicated in the causation of Burkitt's lymphoma.
Epstein-Barr virus.
  1. What is the mechanism of multiple drug resistance in salmonella infection?
Plasmid-mediated.
  1. Name the culture medium used to grow fungus.
Sabourad's medium, Czapek Dox medium, corn meal agar.
  1. Name the culture technique used to give quicker results with otherwise slow growing organisms.
BACTEC.
  1. Name the infestation, which is diagnosed by Scotch tape examination.
Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm).
  1. Name the larval form of pork tapeworm.
Cysticercus cellulosae.
  1. What is Casoni's intradermal test used for?
Hydatid disease.
  1. What is the intermediate host for Drancunculus medinensis?
Cyclops.