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Synopsis of Orthodontic Treatment
Purva Kumar
1:
Introduction to Orthodontic Treatment
MALOCCLUSION
ORTHODONTICS
TREATMENT OF MALOCCLUSION
2:
Factors Considered in Treatment Planning
I. CASE SELECTION
II. PLANNING AND ORGANIZING MECHANO-THERAPY
FACTORS LIMITING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENTS
I. CASE SELECTION
Predicting Patient's Cooperativeness and Appraisal of the Family
CLASSIFYING THE MALOCCLUSION AND TYPIFYING THE CASE
Timing of Orthodontic Treatment
Early Treatment
Late Treatment
Diphasic Treatment
Type of Facial Skeletal Pattern
Space Availability and Space Requirement
II. PLANNING AND ORGANIZING MECHANO-THERAPY
Treatment Goals
Specification of the Required Tooth Movements and Skeletal Changes
Appliance Selection
ADVANTAGES OF FIXED APPLIANCE OVER REMOVABLE APPLIANCE
3:
Divisions of Orthodontic Treatment
PREVENTIVE ORTHODONTICS
INTERCEPTIVE ORTHODONTICS
CORRECTIVE ORTHODONTICS
SURGICAL ORTHODONTICS
SURGICAL PROCEDURE
4:
Preventive Orthodontic Treatment
CONDITIONS TREATED AS A PART OF PREVENTIVE ORTHODONTICS IN THE DECIDUOUS DENTITION PERIOD
5:
Interceptive Orthodontic Treatment
6:
Corrective Orthodontic Treatment
TIP EDGE APPLIANCES
BEGG's ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE
Treatment
First Stage of Treatment
Second Stage of Treatment
Third stage of Treatment
LINGUAL ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES
Comprehensive Orthodontic Treatment
Adjunctive Orthodontic Treatment
7:
Surgical Orthodontic Correction
SURGICAL EXPOSURE OF UN-ERUPTED TEETH
Surgical Procedure for Exposing a Palatally Placed Canine
Surgical Procedure for Exposing a Labially Placed Canine
Surgical Repositioning and Transplantation
THERAPEUTIC EXTRACTIONS FOR CREATION OF SPACE
LABIAL FRENECTOMY FOR DIASTEMA CLOSURE
Frenectomy
Procedure
GINGIVECTOMY AND GINGIVOPLASTY DURING AND AFTER ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE THERAPY
Procedure
PERICISION TO CONTROL RELAPSE OF DE-ROTATED TEETH
Procedure
CORTICOTOMY FOR SHORTENING THE DURATION OF APPLIANCE THERAPY
Indication
Procedure
ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY FOR CORRECTION OF VERY SEVERE DENTOFACIAL PROBLEMS
PRE-SURGICAL ORTHODONTICS
Objectives
Choice of Teeth for Extraction for Pre-surgical Orthodontic Cases
Choice of Orthodontic Appliance for a Pre-surgical Orthodontic Case
Precautions to be taken during Pre-surgical Orthodontic Treatment
SURGICAL PHASE
Orthognathic Surgery
Mandibular Body Osteotomy
Anterior Body, Posterior Body Mid-symphysis Osteotomy
Segmental Subapical Mandibular Surgeries
Anterior Subapical Mandibular Osteotomy
Posterior Subapical Mandibular Osteotomy
Genioplasty
Augmentation Genioplasty
Reduction Genioplasty
Straightening Genioplasty
Lengthening Genioplasty
Mandibular Ramus Osteotomies
Vertical Ramus Osteotomy
Intra-oral Modified Sagittal Split Osteotomy
Maxillary Osteotomy Procedures
Segmental Anterior Maxillary Osteotomy
Segmental Posterior Maxillary Osteotomy
Total Maxillary Surgery-LeForte I Osteotomy
POST-SURGICAL PHASE
8:
Management of Class I (Cl-I) Malocclusion
FIXED APPLIANCES
PROTRUSION
Bi-maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion
Bi-maxillary Skeletal Class I Protrusion
Treatment
SPACING
CROWDING
Proximal Stripping
Procedure
Arch Expansion
De-rotation of Posterior Teeth
ROTATION CORRECTION
9:
Management of Class II (Cl-II) Malocclusion
DENTAL CLASS II MALOCCLUSIONS
SKELETAL CLASS II MALOCCLUSION
Skeletal Cl-II Malocclusion with Mandibular Deficiency
Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with Maxillary Excess
Skeletal Cl-II Malocclusion with a Combination of Mandibular Deficiency and Maxillary Excess
Treatment objectives of Class II, Div 1
Treatment Objectives of Class II, Div 2
MANAGEMENT OF DENTAL AND DENTOALVEOLAR CL-II MALOCCLUSION
Distal Movement of Maxillary Molars
Extractions to Obtain Space for Alignment of Maxillary Teeth
MANAGEMENT OF SKELETAL CLASS II MALOCCLUSION
Growth Modification
Extra-oral Headgear Appliances
Magnitude of Force
Duration of Force
Age of the Patient
Intra-oral Preparation for Headgears
Delivery of Headgear
Follow-up Appointments
Functional Appliances
Removable Tooth-borne Appliances
Removable Tissue-borne Appliance
Fixed Tooth-borne Appliance
Herbst Appliance
Intra-oral Preparation for Functional Appliances
Construction Bite Registration
Delivery of the Functional Appliance
Follow-up Appointments
Effects on Dentition
Inter-arch Traction
Latex Elastic Traction-Class II Elastics
Large Stainless Steel Springs
Intra-oral Preparation for Cl-II Traction
Delivery of Class II Elastics
Follow-up Appointments
DENTAL CAMOUFLAGE OF SKELETAL CLASS II MALOCCLUSION
10:
Management of Class III (Cl-III) Malocclusion
11:
Treatment of Midline Diastema
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE TREATMENT OF MIDLINE DIASTEMA
Size of Teeth
Inter-arch Relationship
Position of the Maxillary Incisors
Presence of Tooth Anomalies and Other Pathologic Lesions in the Soft or Hard Tissue in the Midline
Pressure of Abnormal Maxillary Labial Frenum
Timing of Orthodontic Management for Midline Diastema
Periodontal Status
APPLIANCES USED IN THE TREATMENT OF MIDLINE DIASTEMA
FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES
BEGG'S FIXED APPLIANCE IN THE CLOSURE OF ANTERIOR SPACES AND MIDLINE DIASTEMA
EDGEWISE APPLIANCES
12:
Management of Deep Bite
DEEP BITE
TREATMENT PLAN FOR DEEP BITE
Consideration of Lip Relation
Vertical Facial Relationship
Consideration of Occlusal Plane
Inter-occlusal Gap or Freeway Space
Patient's Age and Length of Treatment
TREATMENT OR MANAGEMENT OF DEEP BITE
REMOVABLE APPLIANCE THERAPY
Anterior Bite Plane
SVED Bite Plane
Expansion and Labial Segment Alignment Appliance with Bite Plane (ELSAA)
MYOFUNCTIONAL APPLIANCE THERAPY
Activators in the Management of Deep Bite: Principle
Case Selection for Activator Therapy
Construction Bite
Management of the Appliance
Trimming of the Activator
Honey-comb Appearance
FUNCTION REGULATOR OF FRANKEL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DEEP BITE
Principle
Case Selection for Functional Regulator Therapy
Construction Bite
Management of the Appliance
TWIN BLOCK IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DEEP BITE
Principle
Case Selection for Twin Block Therapy
Construction Bite
Management of Appliance
FIXED MYOFUNCTIONAL APPLIANCE THERAPY
Herbst Appliance
Principle
Case Selection for Herbst Therapy
Impression and Construction Bite
Management of the Appliance
Jasper Jumper
Case Selection for Jasper Jumper Therapy
COMBINATION OF REMOVABLE APPLIANCE WITH EXTRA-ORAL FORCES
FIXED APPLIANCE THERAPY
Leveling by Extrusion (Relative Intrusion)
Leveling by Intrusion
FIXED APPLIANCES ALONG WITH VERTICAL PULL HEADGEAR
ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY
13:
Management of Open Bite
DEFINITION
Inherited Open Bite
Acquired Open Bite or Dental, Dentoalveolar Open Bite
APPROACH TO OPEN BITE CORRECTION
MANAGEMENT OF ANTERIOR OPEN BITE
1. Elimination of the abnormal habits like digit sucking and tongue thrusting
Correction of Tongue Thrusting Habit
2. Correction of mouth breathing or any nasal obstruction that causes postural changes
3. Correction of Lower Lip Trap
4. Myofunctional Appliances
Modified Activator
Bionator in the Management of Open Bite
Frankel Appliance (FR-IV)
5. Orthopedic appliances for correction of skeletal anterior open bite (headgear with chin cup)
Appliances
6. Intra-oral fixed appliances
7. Fixed orthodontic appliances in combination with extra-oral appliances
8. Orthognathic surgery
TREATMENT OF POSTERIOR OR LATERAL OPEN BITE
14:
Management of Cross Bite
CROSS BITE
Anterior Cross Bite
Posterior Cross Bites
TREATMENT OF CROSS BITES
Management of Anterior Cross Bites
Factors Influencing the Correction of Anterior Cross Bites Associated with Class III Malocclusion
MANAGEMENT OF POSTERIOR CROSS BITES
APPLIANCES FOR CORRECTION OF POSTERIOR CROSS BITE
15:
Management of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
CLEFT
CLEFT ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS
Stage One
Stage Two
Stage Three
Stage Four
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SURGICAL PROCEDURE FOR CLEFT LIP REPAIR
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STEPS FOR SURGICAL REPAIR OF CLEFT PALATE
16:
Planning the Post-treatment Retention
RETENTION
General Considerations in Planning Retention
Natural Retention
Standard Retention or Limited Retention
Permanent or Semi-permanent Retention
METHODS OF RETENTION
REMOVABLE RETENTIVE APPLIANCES
Hawley's Retainer
Begg's Retainer
Single Arrowhead Wrap Around Retainer
Clip on or Spring Aligner
Wrap Around Retainer
Tooth Positioners as Retainers
Invisible Retainers
Myofunctional Appliances as Retainers
FIXED RETENTIVE APPLIANCES
REFERENCES
INDEX
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