Textbook of Operative Dentistry Satish Chandra, Shaleen Chandra, Girish Chandra
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1Textbook of Operative Dentistry2
3Textbook of Operative Dentistry (with MCQs)
Satish Chandra Best Teacher Awardee Ex-Member, Dental Council of India Ex- Director and Professor Sardar Patel Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow Ex-Professor and Head of the Department and Dean Dental Faculty, UP KG University of Dental Sciences, (Formerly KG Medical College, CSM Medical University and KG Medical University, Lucknow) Ex-Professor, Dean, Head and Principal DJ College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, UP Ex-Professor, Dean, Head and Principal, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly Ex-Principal, Professor and Head of the Department, Awadh Institute of Dental Sciences, Lucknow Paper Setter and Examiner for BDS, MDS and PGME Examinations in many Universities Shaleen Chandra Professor and Head of the Deptt. Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, 233 Tiwariganj, Faizabad Road, Juggour, Lucknow Ex-Professor and Head of the Deptt. Sardar Patel Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow Ex-Assistant Professor, Rama Dental College and Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur Ex-Lecturer, UP KG University of Dental sciences, (formerly K.G. Medical College, CSM Medical University and KG Medical University) Lucknow Ex-Lecturer, Budha Institute of Dental Sciences, Kankar Bagh, Patna Paper setter and Examiner of BDS, MDS and PGME Examinations in many Universities Girish Chandra Rajendra Nagar Dental Clinic, Lucknow
4Published by
Jitendar P Vij
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
B-3 EMCA House, 23/23B Ansari Road, Daryaganj
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Textbook of Operative Dentistry
© 2007, Satish Chandra, Shaleen Chandra and Girish Chandra
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the authors and the publisher.
This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by authors is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and authors will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters are to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only.
First Edition : 2007
9788180618932
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at Gopsons Papers Ltd., Noida.5
To
Students and teachers as a
mark of our gratitude for their
valuable suggestions
inspiration and appreciation6
7Contributors 9Foreword
DENTAL COUNCIL OF INDIA
(CONSTITUTED UNDER THE DENTISTS ACT 1948)
Aiwan–E–Galib Marg, Kotla Road, New Delhi-110002
Dr. ANIL KOHLI, padma bhushan
Telephone : 39593629 Direct
mds (lko). dnbe (usa). mnams
23238542, 23236740
President
E-mail : dciindia@hotmail.com
Website : http://www.dciindia.org
Fax: 0091-11-23231252
I am very happy to write the foreword for the ‘Textbook of Operative Dentistry with MCQs’. In the last three decades the theory and practice of Operative Dentistry have undergone a revolutionary change due to the developments in adhesive dentistry.
In this book a modified, comprehensive and complete classification of cavities has been given. This classification includes classes, divisions, subdivisions and types. A new class VII has been introduced. This classification gives complete location, size and distance of the pulpal wall from the pulp, which is very useful. The textbook has well labeled excellent diagrams making the subject very simple and self-explanatory.
This book has comprehensively covered all the topics of the subject with basic fundamentals and recent advances. Many new chapters have been included in this book which are the direct answers of the questions usually asked in BDS and MDS university examinations. The language is very simple and clear. The well illustrated and labelled presentations of the topics in this book with basic fundamentals and recent advances have made the reading very informative and interesting for the undergraduates, postgraduates, teachers and practitioners. For self-evaluation, 550 multiple choice questions have been given in the end. The MCQs cover all the chapters and are very useful especially to the students preparing for various competitive examinations. This is a very special feature of the book. Overall this is an excellent book.
Dr. Anil Kohli10
11Foreword
Professor AP Tikku
Dept. of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics
U.P.K.G. University of Dental Sciences
Lucknow –226003
Executive Committee member, Dental Council of India
Residence
A-1 River Bank Colony
Lucknow-226018
I am very much delighted to write the foreword for the ‘Textbook of Operative Dentistry with MCQs’ by Prof. Satish Chandra. The book contains almost all the latest information on the subject. Recently due to developments in the tooth colored materials and adhesive dentistry, the theory and practice of Operative Dentistry have made revolutionary improvements.
This book contains an improved, comprehensive and exhaustive classification of cavities, which includes seven classes with their divisions, subdivisions and types. This classification gives complete, almost three-dimensional picture of the cavity. The language is very simple. The diagrams are well labeled and self-explanatory. The subject matter is crystal, clear and very easy to understand.
The book has completely covered all the topics of the subject along with the basic fundamentals and recent advances. Most of the chapters contain the information, which are the direct answers to the questions usually asked in UG and PG examinations. The UG and PG students, researchers, teachers and practitioners will find the book very useful.
The MCQs completely covering the subject, shall be very useful to the students especially those preparing for various competitive examinations.
I strongly recommend this student-friendly book to all the BDS and MDS students.
Prof. AP Tikku12
13Preface
The science and art of Operative Dentistry is ever changing. There has been unprecedented enhancement and advancement of dental materials and technologies of Operative Dentistry in last few decades. In keeping with these advances in adhesive dentistry and increased demands of esthetics, the practice and scope of Operative Dentistry is increasing by leaps and bounds.
Even though Operative Dentistry is the mother of all branches of dentistry, demand of esthetic and adhesive dentistry and the advances and developments within the last few decades have totally changed the scope and future of this branch. In clinical sciences the difference of opinion specially in the treatment modality leads to research. Controversies help the science to grow and flourish more and more through further research.
The original work of GV Black (1898) remains unchallenged as the baseline. In an effort to make the classification of cavities comprehensive, complete and more useful further modifications in the classification of cavities have been made including divisions and subdivisions and types in each class of cavity. A new class of cavity, class VII has been added. These modifications are more appropriate with adhesive restorative materials and new techniques. These modifications pinpoint the exact location of the cavity with its extensions and the depth towards the pulp, making the line of treatment and the prognosis almost definite and crystal clear by the classification itself.
An effort has been made to include the maximum possible relevant latest topics and new concepts of the subject. Nevertheless, the rapidity with which the developments are taking place makes completeness an impossibility. The syllabi of all the universities as well as recommendations of dental councils of almost all the countries are fully and completely covered.
This book is intended to teach the principles, practice and recent advances in the field of Operative Dentistry to undergraduates, postgraduates, researchers and practitioners. Simple and lucid language has been used as much as possible. Extensively labelled illustrations and photographs have been used to explain the text wherever required. To further make the book user-friendly, few chapters which directly answer the questions recently asked in the university examinations have been included. At the end 550 multiple choice questions and their answers have been given which will be very helpful to the students for recapitulation and for preparation for various examinations and competitions.
We shall be indebted to the readers for suggestions for further improving the book in the next edition. Such suggestions may kindly be sent to first author at the address, 250/4-6, Rajendra Nagar, Lucknow- 226004 (U.P.) India.
Satish Chandra
Shaleen Chandra
Girish Chandra
14Acknowledgements
Many specialists have contributed their time, talents and knowledge to help in the completion of this book. We extend our thanks to them. All our family members and friends have been a constant source of inspiration, a special thanks is offered to them.
We are grateful to Dr Anil Kohli, President, Dental Council of India, New Delhi and Prof AP Tikku, (EC member DCI), Professor UPKG University of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, for their forewords.
Our special thanks are due to Dr Anil Kohli (New Delhi) and Dr Neelam Mittal (BHU Varanasi) for photographs and X-rays of their patients and other contributors for their valuable contributions.
Our deep appreciation is due to a number of persons, specially Dr Mohit Chandra, and Mr. Shyamendra Srivastava for correcting proofs, preparing diagrams and computer CDs and printouts.
We bow in gratitude to the Almighty God for His blessings.
Finally we acknowledge our sincere thanks to Shri J.P. Vij, Chairman and Managing Director, M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi and their General Manager (Publishing) Mr. Tarun Duneja, his secretary Ms. Bano and their devoted staff, for their acceptance and endeavor to bring out this text in a book form.