Index

A Color Atlas of Minimal Access Surgery in Children Sanjay Oak, Prakash Agarwal, Sandesh V Parelkar

SECTION 1: INFRASTRUCTURE AND INSTRUMENTATION
CHAPTER 1:Why Minimal Access Surgery in Children
- FUTURE FRONTIERS
CHAPTER 2:Equipment and Instrumentation
- IMAGING SYSTEM
- HAND INSTRUMENTS
- STERILIZATION OF LAPAROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS
CHAPTER 3:Energy Sources in Minimal Access Surgery
- HEMOSTASIS
- PHYSICS OF ELECTROSURGERY
- TISSUE INJURY AND INFECTION
- BOWEL INJURIES
- ARGON BEAM COAGULATOR
- BIPOLAR ELECTROSURGERY
- ULTRASONIC ENERGY
- ULTRASONIC CUTTING, COAGULATION AND CAVITATION
  - Advantages
  - Disadvantages
SECTION 2: PREPARING FOR LAPAROSCOPY
CHAPTER 4:Anesthesia and Creation of Pneumoperitoneum
- PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES DURING LAPAROSCOPY
  - Creation of a Pneumoperitoneum
  - Insufflating Gas
    - Disadvantage of CO2 for Insufflation
    - Precautions to be taken before establishing the pneumoperitoneum
- INTRA-ABDOMINAL PRESSURE (IAP)
  - Cardiovascular Effects
    - Respiratory Effects of Increased IAP
- EFFECTS OF PATIENT POSITION
- ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT
  - Premedication
  - Induction and Maintenance of Anesthesia
- INTRAOPERATIVE MONITORING
- MANAGEMENT OF INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
  - Cardiovascular Complications
  - Pulmonary Complications
- IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE CARE
CHAPTER 5:Complications of Laparoscopic Pediatric Surgery
- COMPLICATIONS OF PNEUMOPERITONEUM
- COMPLICATIONS BECAUSE OF THE USE OF GAS
- COMPLICATIONS DURING ACCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION
  - Bleeding
  - Port Site Complications
- ELECTROSURGICAL COMPLICATIONS
  - Visceral Injuries
    - Bowel Injury
CHAPTER 6:Ergonomics of Pediatric Laparoscopic Surgery
- MECHANICAL RESTRICTIONS
- VISUAL RESTRICTIONS
- EYE TO HAND COORDINATION AND PARADOXICAL MOVEMENT
  - Ergonomic Rules
  - Restriction on Freedom of Movement
SECTION 3: LAPAROSCOPY FOR GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
CHAPTER 7:Diagnostic Laparoscopy in Pediatrics
- HOW SHOULD ONE PREOPERATIVELY ASSESS A CHILD FOR DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY?
- WHAT ARE THE CURRENT INDICATIONS?
- WHAT IS THE TECHNIQUE TO BE FOLLOWED?
- LIMITATIONS OF DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY
CHAPTER 8:Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Children
CHAPTER 9:Laparoscopic Cardiomyotomy for Achalasia Cardia
CHAPTER 10:Laparoscopic Nissen's Fundoplication
- AIMS OF SURGERY
- EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTS
- TECHNIQUE
- POSTOPERATIVE CARE
- POINTS OF IMPORTANCE
CHAPTER 11:Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy
- INTRODUCTION
  - Contraindications
- PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION
  - Theater Set-up for Pyloromyotomy
  - Instruments
- TECHNICAL STEPS FOR LAPAROSCOPIC PYLOROMYOTOMY
  - Difficult Situations Faced During Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy
- POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
- COMPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 12:Laparoscopic Assisted Operation for Malrotation
CHAPTER 13:Laparoscopic Adhesiolysis
- TECHNIQUE
CHAPTER 14:Laparoscopic Treatment of Hirschsprung's Disease
- INDICATIONS
- PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION AND PREPARATION
CHAPTER 15:Laparoscopic Treatment of Anorectal Malformation in Infants and Children
- INDICATIONS
- POSTOPERATIVE CARE
  - Advantages of Laparoscopic Pull Through for ARM
CHAPTER 16:Laparoscopic Treatment of Meckel's Diverticulum
CHAPTER 17:Laparoscopic Herniotomy
- ANATOMICAL VIEW ONE OBTAINS THROUGH LAPAROSCOPE
- COMPLICATIONS OF LAPAROSCOPIC HERNIOTOMY
  - What About the Direct Inguinal Hernia in Children?
CHAPTER 18:Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
- INDICATIONS
- PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION
CHAPTER 19:Laparoscopic Splenectomy
- INDICATIONS
- PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION
CHAPTER 20:Laparoscopic Liver Abscess Drainage
CHAPTER 21:Laparoscopic Management of VP Shunt
SECTION 4: LAPAROSCOPY FOR UROGENITAL SYSTEM
CHAPTER 22:Laparoscopic Management of Cryptorchidism
- INDICATIONS
- SET-UP AND INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED
  - Diagnostic Laparoscopy
  - Operative Laparoscopy
- POSITION OF THE PATIENT, SURGEONS, SCRUB NURSE AND INSTRUMENTS
- AGE FOR LAPAROSCOPIC ORCHIOPEXY
- MALE LAPAROSCOPIC PELVIC ANATOMY APPEARANCE THROUGH LAPAROSCOPE
- WHAT APPROACHES ARE ADOPTED AS PER THE OBSERVATIONS MADE?
- INDICATIONS FOR GONADECTOMY
  - Gonadectomy
- PORT SITES
- TWO STAGE STEPHEN-FOWLER REPAIR
- ONE STAGE ORCHIOPEXY
CHAPTER 23:Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy
- ANATOMY OF TESTICULAR VESSELS
- PREOPERATIVE WORKUP
- OPERATIVE SET-UP FOR SURGERY
- INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED FOR PROCEDURE
- TECHNICAL ASPECTS
- COMPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 24:Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephrectomy
- INDICATIONS
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- EQUIPMENTS AND INSTRUMENTS
- PREPARATION
- TECHNIQUE
- COMPLICATIONS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
- ADVANTAGES OF LAPAROSCOPIC NEPHRECTOMY
CHAPTER 25:Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
- INTRODUCTION
- INDICATIONS
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- INSTRUMENTATION
- PROCEDURE
  - Problems
CHAPTER 26:Laparoscopic Management of Ovarian Cysts
- VARIOUS TECHNIQUES HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED
CHAPTER 27:Laparoscopic Dismembered Pyeloplasty
- PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION
- EQUIPMENT
- PROCEDURE
- PROBLEMS AND COMPLICATIONS
  - Long Operating Time
SECTION 5: THORACOSCOPY
CHAPTER 28:Diagnostic Thoracoscopy
- INSTRUMENTATION
- TECHNIQUE
CHAPTER 29:Laparoscopic Assisted CDH Repair
CHAPTER 30:Thoracoscopic TEF Repair
- TECHNIQUE
CHAPTER 31:Video Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) in Empyema
- PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION FOR VATS
- THEATER SET UP FOR VATS
- INSTRUMENTATION
- TECHNICAL STEPS OF THORACOSCOPIC DECORTICATION
- POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
- COMPLICATIONS OF VATS
CHAPTER 32:Thoracoscopic Dorsal Sympathectomy
SECTION 6: RESEARCH
CHAPTER 33:Minimally Invasive Intravesical Ureteric Reimplantation
- TECHNIQUE
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
SECTION 7: DOCUMENTATION
CHAPTER 34:Documentation
- ANESTHESIA NOTES
- FORM FOR OPEN PROCEDURE
- FORM FOR GENERAL INFORMED CONSENT FOR LAPAROSCOPIC/THORACOSCOPIC PROCEDURE
- CONSENT FOR ADMISSION AND OPERATION
- ISSUES RELATED TO CONVERSION
- CONSENT FOR ANAESTHESIA
- ISSUES RELATED TO PNEUMOPERITONEUM
- ISSUES RELATED TO INSTRUMENTATION
- ISSUES RELATED TO INSTRUMENTS MALFUNCTION
- ISSUES RELATED TO LONGER HOSPITALIZATION & INCREASED MORBIDITY
- ISSUES RELATED TO MEDICAL DOCUMENTATION
- ISSUES RELATED TO TRANSFER OF PATIENT
References and Key Readings

INDEX

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Chapter Notes