Part I
General Survey
- ❑ Human Tooth
- ❑ Dentist and his Work
- ❑ History of Dental Materials
01 | What are the names of human teeth? | Incisors, Canines, Molars |
02 | Which are the anterior teeth? | Incisors, Canines |
03 | Which are the posterior teeth? | Premolars, and Molars |
04 | What are the functions of human teeth? | Mastication (chewing of food), Speech and Aesthetics (appearance) |
05 | What is the function of incisors? | To cut food into small pieces. |
06 | What is the function of Canines? | To tear tough food. |
07 | What is the function of molars? | To grind the food. |
08 | What is the gross anatomy of tooth? | Tooth has surfaces, cusps, pits and fissures, crown and root. |
09 | What is a cusp? | Cusp is cone shaped elevated part of premolar and molar teeth. |
10 | What is a pit and fissure? | Pit is a deep depression and fissure is a groove on the occlusal surfaces of premolar and molars. |
11 | What is a crown part of the tooth? | Enamel covered and normally visible in the mouth. |
12 | What is a root of a tooth? | The part of a tooth, which is covered with cementure and is embedded in bone. |
13 | What are the natural sets of teeth? | Deciduous set in children Permanent set in adults |
14 | What is the name of artificial set of teeth? | Dentures |
15 | Describe the structure of tooth. | Enamel Dentin Cementum Pulp |
16 | How enamel is formed? | By cells called Ameloblasts. |
17 | What is enamel made up of? | 95.5% of calcium and phosphorus |
18 | How hard is enamel? | It is the hardest structure in the body, harder than bone. |
19 | Will there be new enamel formed if natural enamel is lost? | No, cells responsible for enamel formation are not there. |
20 | How is dentin formed? | By cells called odontoblasts. |
21 | What is dentin made up of? | 52% of calcium and phosphorus 15% of organic collagen. |
22 | How hard is dentin? | It is soft compared to enamel. |
23 | Will there be new dentin formed if natural dentin is lost? | Yes, some amount of new dentin will be formed by Odontoblasts. |
24 | Why is dentin sensitive? | Because dentinal tubes contain nerve ending surrounding the odontoblast processes |
25 | What is the colour of dentin? | Yellowish |
26 | What is pulp of tooth? | It is a soft tissue consisting of cells, fibres, blood vessels, nerves, and lymph in the centre of tooth. |
27 | What is the importance of pulp? | It is a living vital part of a tooth. If pulp is dead tooth discolours and will be infected. Therefore, protection and health of pulp is very important. |
28 | What is cementum? | It is a modified type of bone covering as a thin layer on the surfaces of root. |
29 | What structures are involved in tooth attachment? | Cementum of tooth. Bone of alveolus. Periodontal membrane (pdm) between cementum and bone |
30 | What is bone? | Bone is a hard resilient tissue that makes up most of the skeleton of man and other higher animals with a backbone. |
31 | Is bone a living or non-living tissue? | Bone is a living tissue. Composed of cells that are constantly being repaired and replaced. |
32 | What is the composition of bone? | 25% water 45% inorganic or mineral material 30% organic or animal matter. |
33 | What is the inorganic part of bone? | Salts of calcium and phosphorus |
34 | What is the organic part of bone? | It is a gelatinous substance called protein. |
35 | Describe the structure of bone. | Bone has compact tissue (compact bone), which forms the hard, ivory, coloured exterior and cancellous tissue (cancellous bone), which is spongy inner part. Periosteum is a tough fibrous membrane and it covers most of the bone. Nerves, blood, and lymph vessels pass the periosteum into small canals in the bone. |
36 | Which are the main diseases affecting teeth? | Dental caries or decay Periodontal (gum) disease and Mal-occlusion |
37 | What is dental caries? | It is a disease in which tooth enamel and dentin are destroyed, pulp gets infected by bacteria leading to loss of tooth. |
38 | What is acidogenic theory as a cause of caries? | Saliva contains bacteria that act on starch and sugars of food resulting in acid production which in turn dissolves enamel to start caries |
39 | What is the end result of tooth decay? | Excruciating pain, swelling, Abscess, infection, and loss of tooth. |
40 | What is infection? | Invasion and multiplication of bacteria in a tissue |
41 | What are the dangers of oral infection (sepsis) to other parts of body? | Spread of infection to eyes, lungs, heart, kidney and joints. |
42 | How do you prevent dental infection? | By treating tooth decay at an early stage by appropriate restorative materials. |
43 | How do you treat dental infection due to caries? | By antibiotics, surgical intervention, removal of tooth, root canal therapy. |
44 | How do you prevent dental decay? | By proper oral hygiene. Balanced diet. Regular check up. Fluoridation of drinking water. |
45 | What is gingivitis? | It is inflammation of gingivae (gums) caused by accumulation of food debris, tartar and other deposits around teeth. |
46 | What is periodontitis (pyorrhoea alveolaris)? | It is inflammation of structures around tooth, like periodontal membrane, bone and ultimately forming pockets around neck of tooth |
47 | What is the end result of untreated gum disease? | Loosening of tooth Loss of tooth. |
48 | What is mal-occlusion? | Irregular relationship and contact of maxillary and mandibular teeth in the jaw. |
49 | What is space maintainer? | It is an appliance fitted to the teeth to preserve the space for the permanent tooth. |
50 | What are the contents of balanced diet? | Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. |