Viva in Dental Materials SH Soratur
INDEX
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Chapter Notes

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General Survey
  • ❑ Human Tooth
  • ❑ Dentist and his Work
  • ❑ History of Dental Materials

HUMAN TOOTHCHAPTER 1

01
What are the names of human teeth?
Incisors, Canines, Molars
02
Which are the anterior teeth?
Incisors, Canines
03
Which are the posterior teeth?
Premolars, and Molars
04
What are the functions of human teeth?
Mastication (chewing of food), Speech and Aesthetics (appearance)
05
What is the function of incisors?
To cut food into small pieces.
06
What is the function of Canines?
To tear tough food.
07
What is the function of molars?
To grind the food.
08
What is the gross anatomy of tooth?
Tooth has surfaces, cusps, pits and fissures, crown and root.
09
What is a cusp?
Cusp is cone shaped elevated part of premolar and molar teeth.
10
What is a pit and fissure?
Pit is a deep depression and fissure is a groove on the occlusal surfaces of premolar and molars.
2
11
What is a crown part of the tooth?
Enamel covered and normally visible in the mouth.
12
What is a root of a tooth?
The part of a tooth, which is covered with cementure and is embedded in bone.
13
What are the natural sets of teeth?
Deciduous set in children Permanent set in adults
14
What is the name of artificial set of teeth?
Dentures
15
Describe the structure of tooth.
Enamel
Dentin
Cementum
Pulp
16
How enamel is formed?
By cells called Ameloblasts.
17
What is enamel made up of?
95.5% of calcium and phosphorus
18
How hard is enamel?
It is the hardest structure in the body, harder than bone.
19
Will there be new enamel formed if natural enamel is lost?
No, cells responsible for enamel formation are not there.
20
How is dentin formed?
By cells called odontoblasts.
21
What is dentin made up of?
52% of calcium and phosphorus
15% of organic collagen.
22
How hard is dentin?
It is soft compared to enamel.
23
Will there be new dentin formed if natural dentin is lost?
Yes, some amount of new dentin will be formed by Odontoblasts.
24
Why is dentin sensitive?
Because dentinal tubes contain nerve ending surrounding the odontoblast processes
25
What is the colour of dentin?
Yellowish
3
26
What is pulp of tooth?
It is a soft tissue consisting of cells, fibres, blood vessels, nerves, and lymph in the centre of tooth.
27
What is the importance of pulp?
It is a living vital part of a tooth. If pulp is dead tooth discolours and will be infected. Therefore, protection and health of pulp is very important.
28
What is cementum?
It is a modified type of bone covering as a thin layer on the surfaces of root.
29
What structures are involved in tooth attachment?
Cementum of tooth. Bone of alveolus.
Periodontal membrane (pdm) between cementum and bone
30
What is bone?
Bone is a hard resilient tissue that makes up most of the skeleton of man and other higher animals with a backbone.
31
Is bone a living or non-living tissue?
Bone is a living tissue.
Composed of cells that are constantly being repaired and replaced.
32
What is the composition of bone?
25% water
45% inorganic or mineral material
30% organic or animal matter.
33
What is the inorganic part of bone?
Salts of calcium and phosphorus
34
What is the organic part of bone?
It is a gelatinous substance called protein.
4
35
Describe the structure of bone.
Bone has compact tissue (compact bone), which forms the hard, ivory, coloured exterior and cancellous tissue (cancellous bone), which is spongy inner part.
Periosteum is a tough fibrous membrane and it covers most of the bone.
Nerves, blood, and lymph vessels pass the periosteum into small canals in the bone.
36
Which are the main diseases affecting teeth?
Dental caries or decay Periodontal (gum) disease and Mal-occlusion
37
What is dental caries?
It is a disease in which tooth enamel and dentin are destroyed, pulp gets infected by bacteria leading to loss of tooth.
38
What is acidogenic theory as a cause of caries?
Saliva contains bacteria that act on starch and sugars of food resulting in acid production which in turn dissolves enamel to start caries
39
What is the end result of tooth decay?
Excruciating pain, swelling, Abscess, infection, and loss of tooth.
40
What is infection?
Invasion and multiplication of bacteria in a tissue
41
What are the dangers of oral infection (sepsis) to other parts of body?
Spread of infection to eyes, lungs, heart, kidney and joints.
5
42
How do you prevent dental infection?
By treating tooth decay at an early stage by appropriate restorative materials.
43
How do you treat dental infection due to caries?
By antibiotics, surgical intervention, removal of tooth, root canal therapy.
44
How do you prevent dental decay?
By proper oral hygiene. Balanced diet. Regular check up. Fluoridation of drinking water.
45
What is gingivitis?
It is inflammation of gingivae (gums) caused by accumulation of food debris, tartar and other deposits around teeth.
46
What is periodontitis (pyorrhoea alveolaris)?
It is inflammation of structures around tooth, like periodontal membrane, bone and ultimately forming pockets around neck of tooth
47
What is the end result of untreated gum disease?
Loosening of tooth
Loss of tooth.
48
What is mal-occlusion?
Irregular relationship and contact of maxillary and mandibular teeth in the jaw.
49
What is space maintainer?
It is an appliance fitted to the teeth to preserve the space for the permanent tooth.
50
What are the contents of balanced diet?
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins.