Approach to Clinical Dentistry Ashwani Bansal
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PedodontiaCHAPTER 1

2
3
 
PROFORMA
  • Name
  • Age
  • Sex
  • Address
  • Attendant's name
  • Relationship of attendant with patient
  • Occupation of father
  • Occupation of mother
  • Occupation of guardian (if any)
  • Present physician's name and address
 
CHIEF COMPLAINT (In patient's/attendant's words)
 
HISTORY
  1. Parental history
  2. Prenatal history
  3. Natal history
  4. Postnatal and infancy history
 
I. PARENTAL HISTORY
  • Any prosthesis worn
  • Discoloration of teeth
  • Soft teeth
  • Wearing down of teeth
 
II. PRENATAL HISTORY (Asked to mother of patient)
  • Any illness during pregnancy4
    • Duration
    • Treatment taken
  • Diet pattern during pregnancy
  • Any blood incompatibility between mother and child
  • Fluoride intake during pregnancy
  • Rh-factor and blood group
  • Any systemic/debilitating disease
    • Duration
    • Treatment taken
 
III. NATAL HISTORY
  • Premature birth
  • Jaundiced at birth
  • History of blood transfusion
  • ‘Blue’ baby/cyanosed baby
 
IV. POSTNATAL AND INFANCY HISTORY
Medical history of
  • Convulsions
  • Breastfeeding-duration
  • Bottle-feeding-duration
  • Fluoride intake
  • Vitamin/mineral/water supplements
    • Duration
    • Form of supplements
  • Rheumatic fever
  • Congenital hematological disorders
  • Kidney diseases
  • Cardiovascular anomalies5
  • Skeletal deformities (Broken bones/joint pain)
    • Frequency
    • Duration
    • Treatment taken
  • Walking habits
  • Eating habits
  • Mental/physical disabilities
  • Any antibiotic treatment
    • When
    • Duration of treatment
  • Any surgical intervention
    • Reason
    • Surgeon's name and address
    • Duration of treatment
  • Attitude towards environment/friends
  • Any other childhood diseases- specify details
  • Allergic history
    • Foods
    • Local anesthetics
    • Penicillin/other antibiotics
    • Others
Dental history of
  • Toothaches
  • Bleeding gums
  • Trauma
  • Dental caries
  • Developmental disturbances of dental significance
  • Attitude towards dentists
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Mouth cleaning habits
6
 
GENERAL EXAMINATION
  • Stature
    • Height
    • Weight
  • Gait
    • Unsteady weakness gaits
    • Waddling gaits
    • Equinus gaits
    • Scissors gaits
    • Hemiplegic gaits
    • Steppage gaits
    • Shuffling gaits
    • Wobbling gaits
    • Staggering gaits
    • Ataxic gaits
  • Hands
  • Temperature
  • Skin moisture
  • Skin dryness/wrinkles
  • Speech
    • Aphasia
    • Delayed speech
    • Stuttering
    • Articulatory disorders
    • Cluttering
    • Stammering
  • Skin lesions
    • Scales
    • Macules
    • Papules7
    • Crusts
    • Vesicles
    • Ulcers
  • Growth of fingers
  • Nails
    • Bitten
    • Spoon-shaped
    • Pitted
    • Brittle
    • Scaly
    • Thickened
    • Covered with skin
    • Discolored
    • Absent
 
EXAMINATION OF HEAD AND NECK
  • Size and shape of head
    • Macrocephaly
    • Microcephaly
    • Abnormal head shapes
  • Hair and skin
    • Alopecia
    • Skin lesions
  • Temporomandibular joint
    • Limitation of movement
    • Subluxation
    • Dislocation
    • Mandibular deviation
    • Trismus
    • Pain8
  • Ears
    • Pain
    • Discharge (if any)
  • Eyes
    • Vision
    • Action of eyelids
    • Inflammation
    • Swelling/puffiness around eye
    • Crusting/lesions on eyelids
    • Conjunctivitis
    • Iris defect
    • Abnormal lacrimation
  • Nose
    • Size
    • Shape
    • Color
  • Neck
    • Skin
    • Symmetry
    • Lymphadenopathy
    • Tenderness/enlargement of glands
  • Facial swelling and asymmetry
 
EXAMINATION OF ORAL CAVITY
  • Breath
    • Pleasant
    • Halitosis
      • Acetonic odor
      • Fetid odor9
  • Lips
    • Size
    • Shape
    • Color
    • Surface texture
  • Buccal mucosa
    • Stenson's duct papilla-inflamed ‘or’ not
    • Swelling in cheek
    • Lesions
    • Color
    • Surface
    • Other findings(if any)
  • Saliva
    • Quantity
    • Quality
      • Thin
      • Normal
      • Viscous
  • Gingiva
    • Color
    • Form
    • Pain/tenderness
    • Labial frenula
    • Inflammation
    • Spontaneity of bleeding
  • Tongue
    • Size
    • Shape
    • Color
    • Movement10
    • Any ulceration
    • Surface
    • Dryness
    • Undersurface of tongue
  • Palate
    • Symmetry
    • Color
    • Presence of lesions/deformity/scar
  • Pharynx and tonsils
  • Teeth
    • Anodontia
    • Supernumerary teeth
    • Macrodontia
    • Microdontia
    • Staining
    • Calculus deposits
    • Hypocalcification
    • Physical injuries
    • Caries
    • Hypoplasia
    • Dilaceration
    • Dwarfism
    • Gemination
    • Fusion
    • Notched teeth
    • Peg-shaped teeth
    • Malocclusion status
      • Class I
      • Class II (div1/2/subdiv)
      • Class III11
 
INVESTIGATIVE METHODS
  • Radiographs
    • IOPA
    • Orthopentomograph
    • Bite-wing
    • Cephalogram
  • Biopsy
  • Pulp testing
  • CADIA
 
TREATMENT PLANNING
  • Medical treatment
    • Referral to physician
  • Systemic treatment
    • Premedication
    • Therapy for oral infection
  • Preparatory treatment
    • Oral prophylaxis
    • Caries control
    • Oral surgery
    • Orthodontic consultation
    • Endodontic therapy
  • Corrective treatment
    • Operative dentistry
    • Prosthetic dentistry
    • Orthodontic dentistry
  • Periodic recall examination and maintenance treatment