A
Adrenalin 188
Allodynia 185
Amitriptyline, for long-term pain 187
Amphetamine 189
Anconeus 38
Analgesics, for pain 186
Anatomical compromise in surgery 99
Anatomical restoration, surgical 98
Anatomical snuffbox 53
Anatomy
carpal tunnel 76
muscles of forearm 38
sensory nerves of hand 86
tendons of finger 95
thoracic outlet 74
wrist 76
Arpeggio technique 36
Arthritis in basal joint of thumb 36
Aspiration, ganglion 45
Aspirin, for pain 187
Atraumatic technique 101
B
Backache from posture 8
Baclofen, in musician's dystonia 144
BAPAM see British Association for Performing Arts Medicine (BAPAM)
Bassists, problems of 174
Benzodiazepines 188
Body awareness techniques 146
Bowler's thumb 48
Brachial neuralgia 91
Brachioradialis 38
Brass players, problems of 174
Buprenorphine, for pain 187
C
Cannabis 189
contraindications for surgery 95
flexor tenosynovitis of wrist 80
incidence 72
Phalen's test 75
sensory and motor disturbances 75
surgery 77
symptoms 75
Carpo-metacarpophalangeal joint (CMC) joint osteoarthritis 121
Cerebellar tremor 189
Cervical radiculopathy 91
Cervical spondylosis 31
Chin rest 21
Chronic pain see Pain
Clarinet see Wind instruments
Clinical evaluation 57
history 58
nerve conduction and electromyography testing 60
specialised technical analysis 60
Clonazepam, in musician's dystonia 144
Clostridium histolyticum collagenase 65
Cocaine 190
Cocodamol, for pain 186
Codeine, for pain 187
Compartment syndromes 192
Compound analgesics, for pain 186
Constraint splinting 130
CTS see Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
D
Deliberate practice 166
Descending inhibition 186
Diazepam 188
Digital nerve injury, repair of 109
Dihydro-codeine, for pain 187
Dislocation of extensor tendons at MCP level 44
Distal compression neuropathies see Nerve compression syndromes
Double-lesion neuropathy (double crush) 73
bagpipers 64
conservative fasciectomy 66
Curse of the MacCrimmons 64
Hueston approach 67
needle fasciotomy 65
open palm technique 67
postoperative care 68
progression of, rate of 63
recurrence 67
Dupuytren's diathesis 63
E
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 9
Elbow positioning for prevention 160
Electrophysiological methods 145
EMG see Electromyography (EMG)
Endoscope, use of 101
EPB see Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
Epicondylitis see Tennis elbow
EPL see Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
Essential tremor 189
Evaluation of musician see Clinical evaluation
Extensor carpi radialis longus 38
Extensor digitorum 38
F
Fédération Internationale des Musiciens (FIM) 191
Fibromyalgia 186
Fiddler's chin 48
Flautist's index finger 49
Flautists, problems of
compression in Guyon's canal 82
digital neuroma 85
involuntary finger flexion 143
wrist problems 159
Flexor tendon repair (case) 130
Flexor tenosynovitis of wrist 80
Flute see Wind instruments
G
General wellness initiative 132
Graffman, Gary 4
Guyon's canal 81
H
general medical condition and 7
Hand posture 159
Hand span see Keyboard instruments
Hand tremors 189
Harpsichord player (case) 195
Health anxiety 177
Heroin 190
History taking 58
HMS see Hypermobility syndrome (HMS)
Hyperalgesia 185
Hypermobility, detection of 8
Hypochondria 177
I
Ibuprofen, for pain 187
IMS needling 121
Incisions, location 96
Industrial arm pain 73
Inhibition, lack of in dystonia 140
Injury during music education 152
Injury prevention strategies 151
anatomical variability in hand 155
health promotion and 151
music education and 152
strategic practice 166
Instrument weights 24
Intention tremor see Cerebellar tremor
International Convention of Symphony and Orchestra Musicians’ Survey 3
Intra-articular fractures 109
Intrapsychic anxiety 180
Intrinsic muscles, strengthening exercise 82
K
Keyboard percussion instruments 28
M
Maximum theoretical heart rate (MTHR) 153
MD see Musician's dystonia (MD)
Membranophones 28
Metaplasticity 139
Micro trauma 192
Morphine, for pain 187
MRI angiography 60
Mucous cyst see Digital mucous cyst
Muscle activity study 161
Muscle imbalances 121
Muscle tension and performance 195
correct muscle imbalances 121
ergonomic assessment on instrument 118
good practice habits 121, 122
return-to-playing schedule 119, 120
treatment goals 118
Musical instrumental digital interface (MIDI) 60
Music education, injury during 152
abnormal postures 135
constraint-induced training 145
differential diagnosis 144
electrophysiological treatment 145
focal tremor 135
immobilisation of hand 145
learning-based sensorimotor training 146
medications 144
as network disorder 142
physical and psychological history 140
sensory perception, altered 141
social pressure 140
societal impacts 147
triggering factors 139
N
Nail, repair of 105
Naloxone 154
Naproxen 187
Neck, pain in 31 see also Cervical spondylosis
Needle aponeurotomy see Needle fasciotomy
Needle fasciotomy, Dupuytren's disease 65
Nerve gliding 72
Nerve injuries 109
Nerve laceration 109
Neuralgic amyotrophy see Brachial neuralgia
Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) 178
Neurophysiological testing 89
brachial neuralgia 91
carpal tunnel syndrome 90
electromyography 89
nerve conduction testing 89
ulnar nerve lesions 90
Neutral posture 118
Night resting splint 124
Nociceptive pain 185
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 187
Norris, Richard 182
O
Oboe see Wind instruments
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) 138
Open palm technique in Dupuytren's contracture 67
Orchestral musician, life of 3
P
Paracetamol (acetaminophen), for pain 186
Parkinson's tremor 189
Parsonage–Turner syndrome see Brachial neuralgia
Pedagogical retraining 146
Percutaneous needle fasciotomy see Needle fasciotomy
Performance psychologist 182
Performers’ health, risks factors for 152
Performing Arts Medicine Association 121
Phenytoin, in musician's dystonia 144
Physical endurance 153
Physical warm up 167
Pianists
attitude to injury 1
compromised distal joint in 99
flexor tendons repair 129
performance-related injury, avoiding 2
problems of 174
physiotherapy 2
susceptibility to tendonitis 42
ulnar nerve entrapment 82
Pilates exercises 154
Postural training 154
Posture 159
general 166
hand positioning 159
seating 165
supporting the instrument 165
wrist positioning 159
Prevention see Injury prevention strategies
Primidone, in musician's dystonia 144
Pronator syndrome 78
Psychological self care 132, 153
R
Return-to-play schedule 119, 120
Robert Schumann syndrome 137
RSI see Repetitive strain injury (RSI)
S
‘Sabotage’ 177
Scalene tension 164
Schuman, Robert 50
Seating 165
Sedative drugs, for anxiety reduction 188
Self care tables
attribution errors, dealing with 179
practice habits 122
psychological self care 132
recovering from burnout 182
return to play schedule 120
Sensory integration and praxis tests 131
Sensory perception, alteration in dystonia 141
Shadow playing 126
Sitting and spinal curvature 164
Sleep disturbances 4
Slow down exercise 131
Somatisation 174
Spinal curvature sitting and standing 164
Splinting see Thermoplastic splinting
Standing and spinal curvature 164
Strategic practice 166
Stretching 167
Stress reported by musicians 4
String instruments, psychological problems associated with 174
digital neuromas 86
flexor tenosynovitis of wrist 80
shoulder problems in 160
ulnar nerve lesions 90
Subacromial bursitis 31
anatomical restoration 98
Surgical synovectomy, in rheumatoid arthritis 32
Surgical treatment 93 see also Surgical planning
Synovectomy, in rheumatoid arthritis 32
Synovial swelling, reduction in 33
T
Talking cure 174
Temazepam 188
Temporal discrimination thresholds (TDT) 141
chronic 43
inflammatory diseases and 39
mechanical factors and 40
and numbness in adjacent areas 41
triggering in, sites of 40
of wrist extensor tendons 42
conservative treatment 38
indications for surgery 95
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 38
steroid injections 38
surgical treatment 39
symptoms 37
Tenosynovitis 39
Therapeutic management 117
Thoracic spine problems 31
Thumb spica splint 124
Tobacco 188
TOS see Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)
Trait anxiety 153
Tramadol, for pain 187
Transactional analysis (TA) 178
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) 145
Trihexyphenidyl, in musician's dystonia 144
Trombone see Wind instruments
Trumpet see Wind instruments
Tubiana, Raoul 58
U
V
Video recording 60
Villonodular synovitis see Giant cell tumours
Violinists 8
problems of 174
right base of thumb osteoarthritis (case) 129
tendonitis, susceptibility to 42
Visual feedback 146