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JOURNAL TITLE: Pediatric Infectious Disease
Background: Acute bronchiolitis is the commonest cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children under 2 years of age. There are no prospective studies in south India, which depict the viral epidemiology of bronchiolitis. Therefore, we undertook this prospective study of all the children <2 years who were admitted with suspected lower respiratory tract infection. Aim and objective: To determine the exact viral etiology in children aged <2 years with clinical suspicion of bronchiolitis. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: A single-center study was conducted in Narayana Health City, Bengaluru. Fifty children aged <2 years with a clinical suspicion of bronchiolitis were included in the study and their nasopharyngeal swab were sent for multiplex PCR viral panel. The data were analyzed and results were reported. Results: Forty-six out of 50 children who were clinically suspected to have viral bronchiolitis showed positive result on nasopharyngeal swab PCR study. Among them 33 had single viral infection while 13 had multiple viral infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most common virus involved followed by rhinovirus and parainfluenza virus. The clinical signs and symptoms had a good correlation with the laboratory diagnosis of viral bronchiolitis. Conclusion: There is an extremely good correlation between clinical features of acute viral bronchiolitis with their laboratory diagnosis. Good clinical history and physical examination can avoid undue use of antibiotics in children <2 years.
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