Intorduction: According to classical Ayurvedic texts, balanced intake of madhurarasa in diet helps to maintain physiological health, but its excessive intake produces some signs and symptoms, such as Sthoulya, Aalasya, Nidradhikya, Anannabhilasha Agnimandya, Anaha, Galaganda, Gaṇdamala, Gala Shopha, and Asyamadhurya. Aims and objectives: To establish the relationship between excessive use of madhurarasa and signs/symptoms produced by it. Materials and methods: A case–control survey study was planned wherein totally 356 volunteers were interviewed personally. Subjects with particular symptoms were considered as a case, while healthy volunteers were considered as controls. To measure the excessive intake of madhurarasa, the quantity and frequency of common food items, such as dairy products, corn, pasta, starchy vegetables, cream, wheat, rice, sweet potatoes, banana, and dates are taken into consideration. Data were arranged in a 2 × 2 table and odds ratio (OR) was calculated for each symptom. Results: Odds ratio for Sthoulya, Aalasya, Nidradhikya, Anannabhilasha Agnimandya, Anaha, Gala Shopha, and Asyamadhurya with 95% confidence interval (CI) was found to be 1.92 (1.17–3.1), 1.28 (0.68–2.45), 1.89 (1.03–3.47), 1.32 (0.70–2.47), 1.82 (1.13–2.96), 1.93 (1.09–3.44), 2 (1.16–3.45), and 1.93 (1.18–3.14) respectively. Conclusion: From the above-obtained results, it is concluded that madhurarasa is a risk factor for Sthoulya, Nidradhikya, Agnimandya, Anaha, Galashopha, and Asyamadhurya. The study supports the Ayurvedic classical claim regarding atiyoga of madhurarasa.