Aim: The present study was carried out to explore the availability of medicinal plants at Yadgir district of Karnataka through a medico-ethno-botanical survey and to document their traditional medicinal uses along with indications given in the classical texts of Ayurveda. Materials and methods: Two medico-ethno-botanical survey tours were conducted during August–December 2017 in Yadgir, Gurumitkal, Yergol, Shorapur, Hunasgi, Narayanpur, and Shapur forest sections of Yadgir district. The belt transect method was adopted during the survey to document the plants. Some of the important medicinal plants available in Yadgir district, which are routinely used in various traditional medicines, were documented and presented in a systematic manner. Results: Among the 330 plant species documented from Yadgir district during the medico-ethno-botanical survey, about 42 plants were found to be having high medicinal value and demand. In traditional practice, these plants are used in the treatment of diabetes, cancer, asthma, scabies, lactation, rheumatism, infections, dysentery, diarrhea, skin diseases, kidney disorders, urinary problems, etc., in different dosage forms like decoction, juice, powder, paste, and infusion. As a single drug, these plants are indicated in the treatment of wide range of diseases as mentioned in classical texts of Ayurveda. The enlisted plants are also used as ingredients of various classical Ayurvedic formulations. Conclusion: Findings of this study act as basic data to understand the biodiversity of Yadgir district of Karnataka along with the significance of available medicinal plants in traditional as well as classical practice. Clinical significance: The documented data provide single-hand information on important medicinal plants along with their potential uses, which can be effectively used in clinical practice.