Lupus nephritis (LN) develops as a result of immunological abnormalities. The pathogenesis of LN is a complex process, involving the deposition of autoantibodies in the glomerulus. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is widely accepted as the best overall measure of kidney function, enabling a statement of the complex functions of the kidney in a single numeric expression. The endogenous marker of GFR commonly employed is creatinine, but it does not complete the requirements of an ideal marker because apart from being subjected to tubular secretion it is also influenced by the muscle mass and gender of the patient. Cystatin C is a protein produced by all nucleated cells in the body, freely filtered by glomerulus; neither returned to the bloodstream nor secreted by the renal tubules and also is not influenced by gender or muscle mass. The above features make it a better marker of renal function than creatinine. The medical therapy for LN depends on the severity of the disease. Finding reliable biomarkers for LN will help to evaluate disease activity, identify patients at risk for kidney damage, and facilitate early diagnosis and intervention to improve favorable outcomes.