Introduction Refractive error is one of the important causes of impaired visual acuity in children. Aim To study the pattern of refractive errors in children of Bareilly city and determine its association with selected variables of age, sex, educational status, socioeconomic status, residing locality, family history, previous use of spectacles, amblyopia, and strabismus. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 521 children aged 5 to 15 years attending the ophthalmology outpatient department (OPD) of a teaching hospital of Bareilly. Visual status along with dry and cycloplegic refraction was carried out. Relevant data in relation to the selected variables were compiled. Statistical analysis of obtained results was carried out using the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results The mean age of presentation of refractive error was 10.75 ± 2.96 years with a distinct male preponderance and with a male:female ratio of 1.33:1. Parental education background revealed fair literacy rate with 56.23% mothers and 69.28% fathers having intermediate qualification and above. Higher incidence of refractive error was noted in children with upper lower socioeconomic status (34.54%) and with those having positive family history (61.23%); 7.67% children were amblyopic and 7.10% children had coexisting strabismus. Most of the children (80.23%) gave no history of previous use of spectacles. Astigmatism was noted as the commonest refractive error in 45.09% followed by myopia (42.86%) and hypermetropia (12.05%). Conclusion The study provides an insight into the quantum, extent, and form of visual impairment prevalent in Bareilly district. It furnishes essential data for planning and evaluating preventive and curative services for visual impairment of children in this region. Clinical significance These data support the assumption that vision screening of achool children in developing countries would be very useful in early detection of correctable causes of poor vision, especially refractive errors and in preventingvisual complications. How to cite this article Mittal J, Rizvi Y, Jain R. Clinical Profile of Refractive Errors in School-going Children of Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(4):169-172.