Objective: To review the evidence on new surgical techniques for pterygium. Background: Pterygium is a fibrovascular degeneration of the bulbar conjunctiva; its name comes from the Greek “small wing,” referring to its wedge or triangular shape. Conservative management of a pterygium usually begins with traditional measures such as the use of sunglasses and lubricating drops. On the other hand, the proximity of the pterygium head to the visual axis is considered the most frequent cause of surgical indication. Review of Results: Multiple techniques in pterygium surgery have been proposed to date, from the use of amniotic membrane grafts, creation of a conjunctival flap, primary conjunctival closure, placement of conjunctival and limbo-conjunctival autografts, the performance of a mini-SLET, as well as techniques such as Pterygium Extended Removal Followed by Extended Conjunctival Transplantation (PERFECT) and Pterygium Extended Removal + Fibrin Glue Assisted Amniotic Membrane Transplantation (PERFAMT). Conclusion: Scientific evidence shows that simple excision of a pterygium will inevitably lead to recurrence in most cases. New surgical techniques and adjuvant medications have improved cosmetic outcomes and recurrence rates. Further studies with proposals focused on targeted molecular therapy show a promising future.