We describe the implementation of a new National Health System in 2007 in Uruguay, South America, to improve the health for all the Uruguayan population and improve the markers of health. A health system for the private and public hospitals was set up under the strict control of the Ministry of Public Health. We identified 15 critical health problems unresolved, which were also considered important factors to improve and we control their improvement during the next years. The Integrated National Health System incorporated high-cost technology such as cardiac surgery, medication of high-cost chemotherapy, treatments for the burned, and programs of organ transplants completely subsidized by the health system.