This chapter introduces the nature and scope of in-service education program. Staff development refers to all training and education provided by an employee to improve the occupational and personal knowledge, skills and attitude of vested employees. The goal of the nature and scope of in-service education program is to assist each employee to improve performance in his/her present position and to acquire personal and professional abilities that maximizes the possibility of career advancement. This chapter covers the need for staff development, and factors influencing in-service education. The economic, social, medical and technological sciences, which affect that society, will affect nursing in-service education. The related factors affect the in-service education programs are cost of health care, manpower, changes in nursing practices, and standards of nursing practice.