Entrapment syndromes are neuropathies that are caused by compression of peripheral nerves. The nerve can be compressed at any site, but it is more common at specific anatomical sites where the nerve travels through a fibroosseous or fibrocartilaginous structure or a muscle. This chapter covers the history and physical examination and median nerve entrapment neuropathies. Median nerve entrapment can be seen commonly at three sites following as pronator teres syndrome, anterior interosseous nerve syndrome, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most prevalent mononeuropathy with a lifetime risk of approximately 10%.