Neuropathic pain is described by the International Association for the Study of Pain as “pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system.” neuropathic pain can be characterized by several phenomena, including ectopic activity, peripheral and central sensitization, altered inhibitory control, and activation of non-neuronal cells. Neuropathic pain can be characterized by several phenomena, including ectopic activity, peripheral and central sensitization, altered inhibitory control, and activation of non-neuronal cells. The history and physical examination comprise an important first step in identifying neuropathic pain. Nerve blocks provide significant pain relief in many patients. While many agents such as local anesthetics, steroids, and clonidine have been used, the analgesia provided from nerve blocks should be leveraged to augment participation in physical therapy. Treatment of neuropathic pain is also discussed in this chapter.