This chapter gives an overview on obstetric pain. Labor is usually a painful experience, although it varies considerably from patient to patient. An ideal anesthetic provides rapid pain relief which lasts throughout the labor and delivery period and has no adverse effect on the mother, fetus, or progress of labor. Nonpharmacologic (NP) methods of pain control during labor have several mechanisms of action, including competitive sensory stimulation, alteration of the biologic response to pain, and amelioration of negative psychological issues. Neuraxial analgesia is the most effective method for providing analgesia during labor. Lumbar epidural analgesia (LEA) provides excellent pain relief throughout the course of labor and can be extended to provide anesthesia for an instrumented vaginal delivery or cesarean section.