Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is generally considered as a disorder in which otoconia exceeding a critical mass, is displaced into one or more semicircular canals (SCCs) and is capable of dislodging the cupula, either by being directly attached to it (cupulolithiasis), or by sedimenting freely through the canals and exerting transcupular pressure (canalithiasis). Cross-sectional and case-control studies have indicated that the incidence of BPPV is higher among patients with a number of inner ear diseases and vice versa the diagnosis of certain inner ear diseases is more frequent among BPPV patients. Vestibular neuritis seems to represent the inner ear disease that is most commonly associated with secondary BPPV. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is encountered in 0.2–5% of BPPV patients. Head trauma seems to be the most common and best studied cause of secondary BPPV, with the relevant literature being substantially more extended than that regarding BPPV secondary to inner ear conditions and migraine. Pathophysiology, diagnostic implications, treatment implications and general considerations for secondary BPPV have been discussed briefly throughout this chapter.