This chapter focuses on ovulation induction and ovarian stimulation protocols. Ovulation induction is the treatment of choice in anovulatory infertility. Anovulation and oligoovulation are the etiological factors for almost 21% of infertile couples. Ovulation induction and superovulation terminology is used interchangeably quite often but these two have different concepts behind it. Ovulation induction is development of a follicle in an anovulatory patient. Folliculogenesis and ovulation occur because of a complex interplay between cellular, endocrine, and paracrine factors. The first successful human IVF was a natural cycle IVF. Soon, there was a shift to ovarian stimulation to get an increased number of oocytes, embryos, and thus improve the pregnancy rates. The goal of assisted reproductive technique (ART) is mainly to achieve a live birth safely in a patient friendly but at the same time in a cost-effective manner.