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BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Assisted Reproductive Technology
This chapter review and understand the process of oogenesis and folliculogenesis, various stages of development and role of different factors involved in this process. Oogenesis starts in prenatal life as early as 4 weeks of gestation. During the process of oogenesis all primary oocytes get arrested at diplotene stage of prophase I of the first meiotic division, until puberty. In postnatal life after puberty there is reinitiation of further development of primary oocyte to form a mature oocyte. The different stages of development in oogenesis are primordial germ cell, oogonia, primary oocyte, secondary oocyte, oocyte maturation, and oocyte activation. Oogonia are surrounded by somatic cells from the primitive gonads to form a follicle. The primary function of a follicle is to support the oocyte growth. Vascularization of ovarian cortex marks the beginning of folliculogenesis which starts around 4th month of gestation. Different stages of development in folliculogenesis are primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary/preantral follicle, antral follicle, selection and dominance of follicle, and graafian/preovulatory/mature follicle briefly described.