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BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Assisted Reproductive Technology
Luteal phase of menstrual cycle starts after ovulation and leads to formation of corpus luteum (CL) which produces progesterone as a major hormone. If pregnancy is not achieved, there is a drop in progesterone levels after failure of CL leading to onset of menses. Luteal phase defect (LPD) is due to insufficient progesterone exposure and inability to maintain secretory endometrium required for embryo implantation. Luteal phase defect leads to dysfunctional endometrial development during the interval when embryo is present in uterine cavity, which in turn leads to impairment of implantation or maintenance of pregnancy. This chapter discusses the incidence and prevalence, physiology of luteal phase, etiopathogenesis of LPD in natural cycles, etiopathogenesis of LPD in controlled ovarian stimulation cycles, diagnosis of luteal phase defect, color Doppler in luteal phase defect, and treatment of luteal phase defect.