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BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Assisted Reproductive Technology
This chapter summarizes the basic steps of vitrification along with the morphological changes during vitrification and warming. The main principle of cryopreservation for mammalian oocytes and embryos is to reduce damage caused by intracellular ice formation. Vitrification of oocytes contains two solutions, i.e. equilibration solution (ES) and vitrification solution (VS). ES contains no cryoprotectant. The embryos are kept in this solution for a minimum of 5 minutes to a maximum of 10 minutes. Vitrification solution 1 (VS1) contains ethylene glycol as a cryoprotectant. The embryos are transferred from ES to VS1.