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BOOK TITLE: Retina: Medical and Surgical Management
This chapter discusses retinal different vascular diseases, which includes valsalva retinopathy and Terson’s syndrome. Valsalva retinopathy is characteristically observed after sudden increase in intrathoracic or intra-abdominal pressure. Valsalva retinopathy is a diagnosis of exclusion. Serial monitoring on follow-up for progression and resolution of hemorrhages can be done with the help of fundus photographs. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to find the level of bleed whether sub-ILM or subhyaloid. Treatment for Valsalva retinopathy is usually observation and propped up positioning. Propped up position helps in settling of blood and may improve visual acuity. Preretinal hemorrhages usually resolve over few weeks. Terson’s syndrome is known as intraocular hemorrhage of any type (intraretinal, subhyaloid, or intravitreal) associated with SAH, intracerebral bleed or cerebral trauma. Terson’s syndrome is a frequent cause of visual loss following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Purtscher and Purtscher-like retinopathy and HELLP syndrome are also discussed in this chapter.
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