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Chapter-11 Age-Related Macular Degeneration

BOOK TITLE: Retina: Medical and Surgical Management

Author
1. Kumar Atul
2. Ravani Raghav
3. Chohan Annu
4. Bansal Mayank
ISBN
9789352702947
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/18054_12
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
28
Author Affiliations
1. Dr. RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India, Anil Hospital, Jaipur, India, Dr RP Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Women’s Health Center; Anil Nursing Home, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
2. Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
3. Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
4. Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Chapter keywords
Age-related macular degeneration, AMD, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, pachychoroid spectrum, retinal angiomatous proliferation, peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy, PEHCR

Abstract

This chapter discusses age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is an acquired disease causing retinal degeneration and significant central visual loss due to both non-neovascular and neovascular etiology. Aging changes in retina and choroid are very similar to those seen in initial stages of AMD. A common pathogenic route in both aging and AMD is cumulative oxidative injury. Fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, autofluorescence, and indocyanine green angiography are different investigations options of AMD. The differential diagnosis of AMD varies greatly depending on the clinical stage of presentation of the patient. So it is useful to organize the differentials by non-neovascular and neovascular AMD. Medical therapy, photodynamic therapy, new monoclonal antibody treatment in retina, radiation therapy, combination therapies, fovista, surgery, and antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment are various treatment options of AMD. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and pachychoroid spectrum, pachychoroid spectrum, retinal angiomatous proliferation, etc. are some other important topics, which are also covered in this chapter.

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