Subscribe to be the first to know about Best Deals and Exclusive Offers!
BOOK TITLE: Retina: Medical and Surgical Management
This chapter discusses age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is an acquired disease causing retinal degeneration and significant central visual loss due to both non-neovascular and neovascular etiology. Aging changes in retina and choroid are very similar to those seen in initial stages of AMD. A common pathogenic route in both aging and AMD is cumulative oxidative injury. Fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, autofluorescence, and indocyanine green angiography are different investigations options of AMD. The differential diagnosis of AMD varies greatly depending on the clinical stage of presentation of the patient. So it is useful to organize the differentials by non-neovascular and neovascular AMD. Medical therapy, photodynamic therapy, new monoclonal antibody treatment in retina, radiation therapy, combination therapies, fovista, surgery, and antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment are various treatment options of AMD. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and pachychoroid spectrum, pachychoroid spectrum, retinal angiomatous proliferation, etc. are some other important topics, which are also covered in this chapter.