Androgens are synthesized mainly in testis and small amount in adrenal cortex. In females, small amounts are synthesized in ovary and adrenal cortex. Substances that cause secondary sex characteristics in male are natural androgens and synthetic androgens. Testosterone is synthesized by Leydig cells (interstitial cells). Testosterone has both androgenic and anabolic actions. Anabolic steroids are synthetic androgens which promote protein synthesis and increase muscle mass, hence causes weight gain. Synthetic androgens have greater anabolic and lesser androgenic activity. Antiandrogens, male contraceptives, and male sexual dysfunction (erectile dysfunction/impotence) are also discussed in this chapter. At the end of this chapter there are 11 questions along with their crisp and to the point answers have been also given, which will be of benefit for answering the short answers and even a viva voce question.