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Chapter-48 Gingival and Periodontal Diseases

BOOK TITLE: Manual for Dental Hygienist

Author
1. Awasthi Maj Gen PN
ISBN
9789352702282
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14199_49
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
24
Author Affiliations
1. Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Pune, Maharashtra, India; Indian Army Dental Corps, Dental Council of India; Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India, Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Pune, Maharashtra, India; Indian Army Dental Corps; Dental Council of India; Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
Chapter keywords
Gingival disease, periodontal disease, halitosis, dental stain, dental calculus, dental plaque, marginal gingivitis, interdental gingivitis, diffuse gingivitis, acute gingivitis, chronic gingivitis

Abstract

The chapter gives a brief idea on gingival and periodontal diseases. Periodontal diseases are infections of the structures around the teeth, which include the gums, the cementum that cover the root, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The first signs of periodontal diseases usually begin with gingivitis (inflammation of the gums). The gums appear reddened at margins, slightly swollen and bleed when gently proved. Gingival diseases are divided into acute gingival disease and chronic gingival diseases. Classification of periodontal diseases and conditions by the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) in 1999 which are now adopted in most parts of the world. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gum and tissues that surround and support the teeth. Inflammation of gingival tissue is called gingivitis. Marginal gingivitis, interdental gingivitis, diffuse gingivitis, acute gingivitis, chronic gingivitis, etc. are the types of gingivitis. Increase in size of gingiva is a common feature of gingival disease. Dental plaque is defined as a transparent, tenacious, invisible biofilm adhering to the tooth surface or other hard structures in the oral cavity, including removable and fixed restorations. Dental calculus is the calcified plaque, or tartar, which cannot be removed by brushing but with the help of a dental scaler during regular dentist visits.

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