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Chapter-22 Vasoconstrictors and Vasodilators

BOOK TITLE: Manual for Dental Hygienist

Author
1. Awasthi Maj Gen PN
ISBN
9789352702282
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14199_23
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
2
Author Affiliations
1. Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Pune, Maharashtra, India; Indian Army Dental Corps, Dental Council of India; Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India, Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Pune, Maharashtra, India; Indian Army Dental Corps; Dental Council of India; Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
Chapter keywords
Vasoconstrictor, vasodilator, adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoprenaline, ephedrine, amphetamine, amyl nitrate, priscol, potassium thiocyanate, phentolamine, prazosin

Abstract

The chapter describes the concept of vasoconstrictors and vasodilators. Drugs which constrict blood vessels are called vasoconstrictors. Vasodilators are the drugs which reduce systemic vascular resistance. Adrenaline is sympathetic neurohormonal transmitter of the adrenal medulla. It causes vasoconstriction of the blood vessels when applied locally or given as an intravenous injection. Noradrenaline is a catecholamine secreted from adrenal medulla mainly used for elevating the blood pressure in shock. Isoprenaline is the most powerful synthetic, beta-receptor stimulant drug. Ephedrine increases blood pressure both by peripheral vasoconstriction and by increasing the cardiac output. Amphetamine increases the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Amyl nitrate, priscol, potassium thiocyanate, phentolamine, and prazosin are some of the vasodilators.

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