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Chapter-02 Diabetes Mellitus and Central Nervous System

BOOK TITLE: Practice Pearls in Neurology: Series 1

Author
1. Srinivasan AV
2. J Senthilnathan
3. Bhanu K
4. Sweetson Daniel
ISBN
9789352701988
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14148_3
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
7
Author Affiliations
1. Institute of Neurology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, E-mail: avs19502000@yahoo.com, The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University; Institute of Neurology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Institute of Neurology, Madras Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
2. Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
3. Mehta’s Hospital Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Institute of Neurology, Madras Medical College and Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Mehta’s Hospital Pvt. Ltd. Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Institute of Neurology, Madras Medical College and Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
4. Institute of Neurology Madras, Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Chapter keywords
Diabetes mellitus, DM, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, stroke, insulin resistance, hypertension, coronary artery disease

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with multiple etiologies, in which hyperglycemia is a common phenotype. Hyperglycemia results from defects in reduced glucose utilization, insulin secretion, and glucose over production. Diabetes is classified as type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 DM is characterized by complete insulin deficiency whereas type 2 DM is characterized by the insulin resistance, or impaired insulin secretion and increased glucose production. Diabetes affects both central and peripheral nervous system. Diabetes is one of the most significant risk factors for the development of stroke. Most strokes are ischemic events, mainly small artery strokes followed by large artery stroke. Stroke is common among type 2 diabetes mainly because of the age and associated comorbidities like systemic hypertension and coronary artery disease. Complications of diabetes are also covered in this chapter.

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