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Chapter-42 Plasma Expanders

BOOK TITLE: Drug Formulary

Author
1. George Mathew
2. Joseph Lincy
3. K Sujith
ISBN
9789352701896
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14188_43
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
4
Author Affiliations
2. Pushpagiri College of Pharmacy, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
3. Pushpagiri College of Pharmacy, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
Chapter keywords
Plasma expander, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch, albumin, gelatin, acute liver failure, ALF, congestive heart failure, CHF, severe anemia

Abstract

Plasma expanders are used to restore the circulating volume of a hypovolaemic patient. Typically, colloids are used to expand the plasma volume, although combinations of hypertonic crystalloid and colloid have recently been used. This chapter covers the dextran, hydroxyethyl starch, albumin, and gelatin along with their indication, dose, contraindication, precaution, adverse effect, and drug interaction. Therapy for hypovolemia, shock in surgery, trauma and infection to improve hemodynamics, macrocirculation, microcirculation and oxygen supply and improve organ function in blood loss are the indications of hydroxyethyl starch. Renal failure, hemorrhage, coagulation disorders, anuria, and oliguria are the contraindications of hydroxyethyl starch. Burns, hypoproteinemia, shock, hypovolemia, acute liver failure (ALF), and dialysis are the indications of albumin. Congestive heart failure (CHF), severe anemia, history of allergic reactions to human albumin, and pregnancy are the contraindications of albumin.

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