This chapter mainly focuses on the catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). CAUTIs are the leading cause of secondary healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), representing up to 40% of all HAIs.1-3 Urinary catheters are responsible for 70% of the healthcare-associated UTIs. Around 95% of UTIs in intensive care units (ICUs) are associated with catheters. Most microorganisms causing CAUTI are from the endogenous microbiota of the perineum that ascends the urethra to the bladder along the external surface of the catheter. High degree of suspicion should be kept in selected patients with risk factors for the CAUTI. Low threshold for prompt evaluation of examination and culture and sensitivity are the first and foremost investigations. CAUTI is the key in management of these patients. The approach to treatment of CAUTI includes two aspects, viz. antimicrobial therapy and management of catheter. CAUTI is a preventable entity which is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and costs of treatment and hence needs attention.